Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Convergence Criteria Convergence Criteria and Europe There is an entry on convergence criteria in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Convergence Criteria" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
2. Economic Fluctuation Hierarchical Display of Economic fluctuation Economics > Economic conditions > Economic cycleFinance > Prices > Price fluctuation Economic fluctuation Concept of Economic fluctuation See the dictionary definition of Economic fluctuation. Characteristics of Economic fluctuation [rtbs [...]...
3. Price Fluctuation Hierarchical Display of Price fluctuation Finance > PricesEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle > Economic fluctuation Price fluctuation Concept of Price fluctuation See the dictionary definition of Price fluctuation. Characteristics of Price fluctuation [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
4. EMS Exchange-rate Mechanism Hierarchical Display of EMS exchange-rate mechanism Finance > Monetary relations > European Monetary SystemEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergence > Convergence criteria EMS exchange-rate mechanism Concept of EMS exchange-rate mechanism See the dictionary [...]...
5. Central Rate Each currency affiliated with the EUROPEAN monetary system (read this and related legal terms for further details) is assigned a value in terms of the European currency unit (ECU). The central rate is the range within wh......
6. Economic Convergence Hierarchical Display of Economic convergence Economics > Economic policy > Economic policyInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > Economic cooperationFinance > Public finance and budget policy > Budget policy > Stability programmeFinance > Monetary [...]...
7. Cyclical Fluctuation Hierarchical Display of Cyclical fluctuation Economics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle Cyclical fluctuation Concept of Cyclical fluctuation See the dictionary definition of Cyclical fluctuation. Characteristics of Cyclical fluctuation [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
8. Price Stability Hierarchical Display of Price stability Finance > Prices > Prices policyTrade > International trade > Trade relations > Commodity agreementEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergence > Convergence criteriaTrade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Market [...]...
9. Structural Fluctuation Hierarchical Display of Structural fluctuation Economics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle Structural fluctuation Concept of Structural fluctuation See the dictionary definition of Structural fluctuation. Characteristics of Structural fluctuation [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
10. Economic Cooperation Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic cooperation in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
11. Prices Policy Hierarchical Display of Prices policy Finance > PricesEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Deregulation Prices policy Concept of Prices policy See the dictionary definition of Prices policy. Characteristics of Prices policy [rtbs [...]...
12. Budgetary Equilibrium Hierarchical Display of Budgetary equilibrium Finance > Public finance and budget policy > Budget policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergence > Convergence criteria Budgetary equilibrium Concept of Budgetary equilibrium See the dictionary definition of [...]...
13. Stability Programme Hierarchical Display of Stability programme Finance > Public finance and budget policy > Budget policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergenceFinance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary Union > Coordination of EMU policies > Stability pact Stability [...]...
14. Margin of Preference Margin of Preference and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Margin of Preference: The difference between the duty paid under a system of tariff preferences and the duty [...]...
15. Margin A cost calculation performed in association with vessel operations that allows for potential cost overruns, e.g., lost days due to adverse weather. A margin of 5 percent is common per voyage.......
16. Dumping Margin In those instances where a product has been dumped, that is, sold abroad at a price below the fair market value in the country of origin, the dumping margin is the difference between the home market price and the price at which the goods are sold abroad less incidental charges, such as export [...]...
17. Floating Rate Hierarchical Display of Floating rate Finance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Exchange rate Floating rate Concept of Floating rate See the dictionary definition of Floating rate. Characteristics of Floating rate [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Floating rate [...]...
18. Margin of Discretion Embracing mainstream international law, this section on margin of discretion explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "margin of discretion" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
19. Forward Margin In foreign exchange transactions, the difference between the current, or "spot," price for a given currency and the price at some future date. If the "futures" price, that quoted by sellers of contracts for future purchase of that currency, is higher than the spot price, the subj......
20. Coordination of EMU Policies Hierarchical Display of Coordination of EMU policies Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policyFinance > Monetary economics > Monetary policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergenceFinance [...]...
21. Buying on Margin Resources See Also Margin account...
22. Trading Margin Hierarchical Display of Trading margin Business And Competition > Accounting > Accounting > Financial accounting Trading margin Concept of Trading margin See the dictionary definition of Trading margin. Characteristics of Trading margin [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
23. Margin Fee In marine insurance, an excise tax imposed upon insurance premiums remitted to foreign insurers.......
24. Inflation Concept of Inflation An introductory definition of Inflation is provided here: money is losing value relative to goods and services produced in an economy Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to inflation in the Max [...]...
25. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
26. Supply and Demand Hierarchical Display of Supply and demand Trade > TradeTrade > Trade policy > MarketEconomics > Economic structure > Economic system > Market economyEconomics > Economic analysis > Economic analysisFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Price formationFinance > Monetary [...]...
27. Farm Price Support Hierarchical Display of Farm price support Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Prices > Farm pricesEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Intervention policy > Support policyFinance > Prices [...]...
28. European Monetary Fund Hierarchical Display of European Monetary Fund Finance > Monetary relations > European Monetary System Concept of European Monetary Fund See the dictionary definition of European Monetary Fund. Characteristics of European Monetary Fund [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
29. Economic and Monetary Union Economic and Monetary Union and the European Union Resources See Also EMU...
30. Budget Policy Hierarchical Display of Budget policy Finance > Public finance and budget policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policyFinance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary Union > Coordination of EMU policiesFinance > Budget > Implementation of the budgetFinance > Budget [...]...
31. Yearbook Resources See Also Document Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
32. Credit Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
33. European Semester Hierarchical Display of European Semester Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary Union > Coordination of EMU policies Concept of European Semester See the dictionary definition of European Semester. Characteristics of European Semester [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
34. Deflation Summary of Deflation A decline in the general level of prices, attributable to excessive savings or other factors that have reduced consumption relative to the supply of goods available. Very often, deflation is reflected during the decline phase of the business cycle. There has been no [...]...
35. Economic Cycle Hierarchical Display of Economic cycle Economics > Economic conditions Economic cycle Concept of Economic cycle See the dictionary definition of Economic cycle. Characteristics of Economic cycle [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Economic cycle Spanish: Ciclo económico French: [...]...
36. EU Loan Hierarchical Display of EU loan European Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrumentEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > EU aidFinance > Monetary relations > European Monetary System EU loan Concept of EU loan See the dictionary definition of EU loan. [...]...
37. Monetary Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
38. Price Formation Hierarchical Display of Price formation Finance > Prices > Prices policyTrade > Trade > Supply and demandFinance > Prices > Market pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Competition Price formation Concept of Price formation See the dictionary [...]...
39. Single Exchange-rate Policy Hierarchical Display of Single exchange-rate policy Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy Single exchange-rate policy Concept of Single exchange-rate policy See the dictionary definition of Single exchange-rate policy. [...]...
40. Monetary Cooperation Hierarchical Display of Monetary cooperation Finance > Monetary relations > Monetary relationsInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > Economic cooperationFinance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionInternational Relations > Cooperation [...]...
41. Fund (EU) Hierarchical Display of Fund (EU) European Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrumentEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > EU aidFinance > Monetary relations > European Monetary System > European Monetary Cooperation FundEmployment And Working Conditions [...]...
42. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
43. Price Reduction Hierarchical Display of Price reduction Finance > Prices > Price fluctuation Price reduction Concept of Price reduction See the dictionary definition of Price reduction. Characteristics of Price reduction [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Price reduction Spanish: Baja de [...]...
44. Representative Rate Hierarchical Display of Representative rate Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Exchange rateFinance > Monetary relations > European Monetary System Representative [...]...
45. Deregulation Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
46. EU Financial Instrument Hierarchical Display of EU financial instrument European Union > EU finance > EU financingEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > EU aidAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Monetary relations [...]...
47. Exchange Policy Hierarchical Display of Exchange policy Finance > Monetary economicsFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relationsFinance > Monetary relations > European currency > EuroTrade > Trade policy > Commercial law > Law on negotiable instrumentsFinance > Monetary economics > [...]...
48. Monetary Integration Hierarchical Display of Monetary integration Finance > Monetary relations > Monetary relationsEuropean Union > European construction > Deepening of the European Union > European integrationEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic integration Monetary integration Concept [...]...
49. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
50. Agricultural Levy Hierarchical Display of Agricultural levy European Union > EU finance > Financing of the EU budget > Own resourcesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Prices > Farm prices > Sluice-gate priceFinance > [...]...
51. Economic Policy Concept of Economic Policy Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
52. Azerbaijan For an introduction to Azerbaijan legal materials, see A Guide to the Republic of Azerbaijan Law Research by Ramil Iskandarli. English translations of key Azerbaijan laws are published in the Central & Eastern European Legal Materials series by Columbia University's Parker School [...]...
53. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
54. Investment Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
55. Bracket Rate Hierarchical Display of Bracket rate Transport > Transport policy > Transport price > Transportation tariffFinance > Prices > Prices > Bracket price Bracket rate Concept of Bracket rate See the dictionary definition of Bracket rate. Characteristics of Bracket rate [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
56. Margin of Appreciation Margin of Appreciation and the European Convention on Human Rights Court Margin of Appreciation "means that, within reason, the Court will leave it to the individual State to decide whether the particular human right is infringed, applying its own standards. It is particularly important [...]...
57. Exchange Rate Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another, i.e., the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency. [...]...
58. Fair Value Fair Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Fair Value: The benchmark against which selling prices of imported merchandise are compared in adumping investigation. In US [...]...
59. Price Increase Hierarchical Display of Price increase Finance > Prices > Price fluctuation Price increase Concept of Price increase See the dictionary definition of Price increase. Characteristics of Price increase [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Price increase Spanish: Subida de precios [...]...
60. Monetary Compensatory Amount Hierarchical Display of Monetary compensatory amount Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policyFinance > Monetary relations > European currency > EuroFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Exchange [...]...
61. Market Prices Hierarchical Display of Market prices Finance > PricesIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial price > Delivered priceIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial priceFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Price [...]...
62. Euro Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euro explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euro and Europe There is an entry on euro in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Euro" in the work [...]...
63. Maastricht criteria ContentsMaastricht criteriaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Maastricht criteria These are five criteria that ... Read more...
64. Common Organisation of Markets Hierarchical Display of Common organisation of markets Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policyTrade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Market interventionEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Intervention policyTrade > Trade [...]...
65. Conversion Rate Hierarchical Display of Conversion rate Finance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy Conversion rate Concept of Conversion rate See the dictionary definition of Conversion rate. Characteristics of Conversion rate [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Conversion rate Spanish: [...]...
66. Bracket Price Hierarchical Display of Bracket price Finance > Prices > PricesTransport > Transport policy > Transport price > Transportation tariff > Bracket rate Bracket price Concept of Bracket price See the dictionary definition of Bracket price. Characteristics of Bracket price [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
67. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
68. Financial Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
69. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
70. Price Support Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
71. Euro Area Hierarchical Display of Euro area Finance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Currency areaFinance > Monetary relations > European currency > EuroFinance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Currency area > [...]...
72. Economic Relations Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic relations in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
73. Price Control Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
74. European Integration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european integration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european integration" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
75. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
76. Monetary Relations Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to monetary relations in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
77. Import Policy Hierarchical Display of Import policy Trade > Trade policyTrade > International trade > Trade restriction > Import restrictionFinance > Prices > Market prices > Import priceFinance > Taxation > Tax on consumption > Import taxEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > [...]...
78. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
79. Single Monetary Policy Hierarchical Display of Single monetary policy Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionFinance > Monetary economics > Monetary policy Single monetary policy Concept of Single monetary policy See the dictionary definition of Single monetary policy. Characteristics of [...]...
80. Euribor Hierarchical Display of Euribor Finance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Currency area > Euro areaFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Economic and Monetary Union > European System of Central Banks Concept of Euribor See the dictionary definition of Euribor. [...]...
81. Exchange Rate Mechanism Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and Europe There is an entry on exchange rate mechanism (erm) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
82. World Economy Hierarchical Display of World economy Economics > Economic structure > EconomyTrade > International trade > International tradeEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic integration > GlobalisationFinance > Monetary relations > International financeAgri-Foodstuffs [...]...
83. Numeraire System A multinational currency stabilization arrangement wherein participating national currencies are assigned a central rate, or value, in terms of a given unit of account; this rate is based upon a basket of all the participating currencies, weighted according to defined criteria. A margin would be fix......
84. Monetary Committee (EU) Hierarchical Display of Monetary Committee (EU) Finance > Monetary relations > European Monetary SystemEuropean Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU office or agency > Committee (EU)Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary Union > Economic and Financial [...]...
85. Industrial Policy Industrial Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Industrial Policy: A program of selective government interventions designed to change the sectoral composition of a country's economy [...]...
86. Farm Prices Hierarchical Display of Farm prices Finance > PricesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policyAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Agricultural policyFinance > Prices > Market prices > Price of agricultural [...]...
87. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
88. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
89. Guaranteed Minimum Price Hierarchical Display of Guaranteed minimum price Finance > Prices > Farm pricesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Agri-monetary policy > Farm price support Guaranteed minimum price Concept of Guaranteed minimum price See the dictionary [...]...
90. Agri-monetary Policy Hierarchical Display of Agri-monetary policy Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policyEuropean Union > EU finance > Drawing up of the EU budget > Budgetary discipline (EU) > Budgetary reserve (EU)European Union > EU finance > EU financing > [...]...
91. Gold Hierarchical Display of Gold Industry > Iron, steel and other metal industries > Metals > Precious metalFinance > Monetary relations > International finance > Foreign-exchange reservesFinance > Monetary economics > Money market > MoneyFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy [...]...
92. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
93. Dumping Dumping in International Trade Meaning of Dumping, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than the cost of [...]...
94. Harmonisation of Prices Hierarchical Display of Harmonisation of prices Finance > Prices > Prices policy Harmonisation of prices Concept of Harmonisation of prices See the dictionary definition of Harmonisation of prices. Characteristics of Harmonisation of prices [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
95. Short-term Economic Prospects Hierarchical Display of Short-term economic prospects Economics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Economic situationEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy Short-term economic prospects Concept of Short-term economic prospects See the dictionary definition of Short-term [...]...
96. Farm Modernisation Hierarchical Display of Farm modernisation Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural structures and production > Policy on agricultural structuresAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural holdingEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > [...]...
97. Economic Agreement Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic agreement in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
98. Bretton Woods Agreement The product of an international conference on monetary and economic affairs held at the end of World War II, from which resulted the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; the term is used most commonly in reference to a program for world monetary affairs that emerged from the conference an......
99. Price Index Hierarchical Display of Price index Finance > Prices > Prices policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing power Price index Concept of Price index See the dictionary definition of Price index. [...]...
100. Company in Difficulties Hierarchical Display of Company in difficulties Business And Competition > Business organisation > Business activityEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > Aid to undertakings Company in difficulties Concept of Company in difficulties See the dictionary definition of Company in [...]...
101. Consent to Act as Director Sample ContentsConsent to Act as Director SampleConsent letter of director to act as director of the CompanyIn IndiaConsent to Act as ... Read more...
102. Branch Hierarchical Display of Branch Business And Competition > Business organisation > Company structure > Establishment Concept of Branch See the dictionary definition of Branch. Characteristics of Branch [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Branch Spanish: Sucursal French: [...]...
103. Free Price Hierarchical Display of Free price Finance > Prices > Prices policy > Fixing of pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > CompetitionBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Free competition Free price Concept of Free price See the [...]...
104. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
105. Cost of Living Hierarchical Display of Cost of living Economics > Economic conditions > Economic conditionsSocial Questions > Social framework > Social situation > Socioeconomic conditions > Living conditionsFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit policy > Cost of borrowingTrade > [...]...
106. Free Competition Hierarchical Display of Free competition Business And Competition > Competition > Competition policyFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Fixing of prices > Free price Free competition Concept of Free competition See the dictionary definition of Free competition. Characteristics of Free [...]...
107. Competition The Legal History of Competition This section provides an overview of Competition Concept of Competition Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of competition, with a description [...]...
108. Convergence Convergence (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Convergence means: is gradual reducing of differences in the same indicators between the countries....
109. Terms of Trade Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade [...]...
110. Floating Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Floating Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A rate of exchange that is determined by market forces. See also clean float and dirty float. Concept of Floating Exchange Rate An [...]...
111. Fixing of Prices Hierarchical Display of Fixing of prices Finance > Prices > Prices policyBusiness And Competition > Competition > Restrictive trade practice > Horizontal agreement Fixing of prices Concept of Fixing of prices See the dictionary definition of Fixing of prices. Characteristics of Fixing of [...]...
112. Restrictive Trade Practice Hierarchical Display of Restrictive trade practice Business And Competition > CompetitionFinance > Prices > Prices > Discriminatory priceBusiness And Competition > Business organisation > Economic concentrationBusiness And Competition > Business organisation > Economic [...]...
113. Food Expenditure Hierarchical Display of Food expenditure Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingSocial Questions > Health > NutritionTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Consumer behaviour > Eating habitsFinance > Prices > Market [...]...
114. Financial Cooperation Hierarchical Display of Financial cooperation International Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policyInternational Organisations > United Nations > UN specialised agency > World BankFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Monetary cooperationInternational [...]...
115. International Finance Hierarchical Display of International finance Finance > Monetary relationsFinance > Free movement of capital > Free movement of capital > Capital movementEconomics > Economic structure > Economy > World economyInternational Relations > International affairs > International affairs [...]...
116. Currency Area Optimum Currency Area and Europe There is an entry on optimum currency area in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Optimum Currency Area" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
117. EU Financing Hierarchical Display of EU financing European Union > EU financeEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > EU aidEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrument > Support mechanismFinance > Financing and investment > Financing > Co-financing EU financing [...]...
118. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
119. Prices Floor prices and International Trade Resources See Also buffer stocks...
120. Law on Negotiable Instruments Hierarchical Display of Law on negotiable instruments Trade > Trade policy > Commercial lawFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policyFinance > Monetary economics > Money market > Money > Deposit money > Negotiable instrument Law on negotiable instruments Concept of Law on [...]...