Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Genuine Link Summary of Genuine Link A provision arising from the 1958 Convention on the High Seas (450 United Nations Treaty Series 82, Article V), that "there must be a genuine link between the State [that registers the vessel] and the ship"; this "link"is not clearly defined and [...]...
2. Free Territory of Trieste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free territory of trieste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "trieste, free territory of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
3. North American Free Trade Area Embracing mainstream international law, this section on north american free trade area explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "north american free trade area" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
4. Foreign Relations Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign relations law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign relations law" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
5. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
6. Panlibhon Group An acronym for a group of countries where foreign vessels are registered under flags of convenience, derived from the first letters of Panama, Liberia, and Honduras, where many such vessels are registered. See flag of CONVENIENCE.......
7. Foreign Office Certificate Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign office certificate explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign office certificate" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
8. Free Zones Free Zones of Upper Savoy and District of Gex Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free zones of upper savoy and district of gex case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free zones of [...]...
9. Summary Procedure Embracing mainstream international law, this section on summary procedure explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "summary procedure" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
10. Summary Executions Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions In relation to the international law practice and Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject: Extradirion and Mutual Legal [...]...
11. Repatriation Summary of Repatriation The transfer of investment proceeds or the return of capital from a foreign country back to the home country of the investor.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Repatriation and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, [...]...
12. Latin-american Nuclear-free Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on latin-american nuclear-free zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "latin-american nuclear-free zone" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
13. Drago Doctrine Summary of Drago Doctrine A principle enunciated in 1902 by Luis Drago, foreign minister of Argentina, that it is repugnant to international law for a foreign power to intervene forcibly in the affairs of another nation to secure the repayment of public debt obligations owed to citizens of [...]...
14. Second World Summary of Second World A general reference to those countries having centrally planned economies. See First World, Third World.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on second world explores the context, history and effect of the [...]...
15. Coastal Trade Embracing mainstream international law, this section on coastal trade explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "coastal trade" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
16. Free Movement of Goods Free Movement of Goods and Europe There is an entry on free movement of goods in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Goods" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
17. Basel Convention Basel Convention in International Trade Meaning of Basel Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A multilateral environmental agreement dealing with hazardous waste. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on basel convention explores [...]...
18. Perfidy Stratagem or Perfidy?: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to this subject, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: In 1783, during war between Great Britain and France, the Sybille, a French frigate, enticed the [...]...
19. FGM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on fgm explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "fgm" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
20. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
21. Restitution Restitution in International Trade Meaning of Restitution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In law, remedy for a breach of contract by which the parties are restored to their original positions before the contract was made or the breach occurred. Damages [...]...
22. Congress of Vienna International Legislation Initiated by the Congress of Vienna Lassa Oppenheim, in the book entitled The Future of International Law, about International Legislation Initiated by the Congress of Vienna, wrote in 1921: 6. A positive theory of international law was demanded by the fact that in [...]...
23. Free City of Danzig Free City of Danzig and I.l.o. Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free city of danzig and i.l.o. case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free city of danzig and i.l.o. case" in [...]...
24. Hickenlooper Amendment Summary of Hickenlooper Amendment A provision of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1964 sponsored by Senator Burke Hickenlooper to permit U.S. courts jurisdiction over litigation arising from expropriations of U.S. property abroad by foreign governments. Also known as the Rule of Law Amendment, [...]...
25. Narrow Seas Summary of Narrow Seas Open seas between two coasts not widely separated, e.g., the English Channel, Persian Gulf.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on narrow seas explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law [...]...
26. White Slave Trade Embracing mainstream international law, this section on white slave trade explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "white slave trade" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
27. International Economic Law Legal Issues International economic law is more likely to fall under the rubric of public international law, as it deals with international economic relationships between states. See, for example, Petersmann, 'International Economic Theory and International Economic Law: On the Tasks of a [...]...
28. Chargé D'affaires Chargé D'affaires Chargé D'affaires in International Trade Meaning of Chargé D'affaires, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A subordinate diplomat who takes charge in the absence of the ambassador. Embracing mainstream [...]...
29. Force Majeure Summary of Force Majeure A superior or irresistible force, the impact of which is to discharge parties to a contract from their obligations to perform. Examples of such conditions are acts of war, governmental edicts, or natural disasters.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
30. Transit Zone An entry point established by a coastal state for the benefit of a neighboring nation that is landlocked or lacking adequate port facilities for its own trade. Generally a transit zone is cordoned off from the main port facility, and goods passing through the zone are usually exempt from the [...]...
31. Subrogation Spanish Translation of subrogation This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to subrogation and / or a definition of this topic: Subrogación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Subrogation in International Trade Meaning of Subrogation, [...]...
32. Danzig Consistency of Certain Danzig Legislative Decrees With the Constitution of the Free City Opinion Embracing mainstream international law, this section on consistency of certain danzig legislative decrees with the constitution of the free city opinion explores the context, history and effect of [...]...
33. Third Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on third restatement of the foreign relations law of the united states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "restatement, third, of the foreign relations law [...]...
34. Goods In Free Circulation Merchandise not subject to customs restrictions. These goods would include locally produced (i.e., not imported) merchandise and goods that have been cleared by customs and upon which all duties and taxes have been paid.......
35. Final Act Definition of Final Act In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Final Act : A document containing a formal summary of the proceedings of an international conference. The signature appended to the final act is not regarded as binding on the signatory state with [...]...
36. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
37. Enemy In the United States For information about Enemy in the context of international trade, click here Neutral Goods on Enemy Merchantman: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to this subject, L. Oppenheim wrote [...]...
38. Due Diligence Due Diligence in International Trade Meaning of Due Diligence, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Investigative research to independently establish the background of a potential partner. Matters investigated typically include financial statements, legal [...]...
39. Necessity Charity, Necessity, Benefit, Pleasure From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charity, Necessity, Benefit, Pleasure (1): However, doing works of charity and works of necessity usually are exempt. What is a work of necessity is a question of law. Charity includes whatever [...]...
40. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
41. CFSP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cfsp explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Common Foreign and Security Policy (cfsp) and Europe There is an entry on common foreign and security policy (cfsp) in the European legal encyclopedia. [...]...
42. Federation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on federation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "federation" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
43. Freedoms of the Air Embracing mainstream international law, this section on freedoms of the air explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "freedoms of the air" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
44. Freedoms of the Sea Embracing mainstream international law, this section on freedoms of the sea explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "freedoms of the sea" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
45. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
46. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
47. Entry in Distress Embracing mainstream international law, this section on entry in distress explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on entry in distress explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law [...]...
48. Zone Restricted Status A condition accorded to goods entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) solely for destruction or exportation to another country. These goods may not be manipulated or proc......
49. Applicant Applicant in E.U. Patent System The person or corporate body that applies for the patent and intends to 'work' the invention (to manufacture or license the technology). Under US law the applicants must be the inventor(s) except under exceptional circumstances. Definition of Applicant [...]...
50. Miga Miga Miga in International Trade Meaning of Miga, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is a financial institution that belong to the World Bank Group and provides political risk coinsurance and reinsurance [...]...
51. IOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on iom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources [...]...
52. OAS Embracing mainstream international law, this section on oas explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources [...]...
53. OAU Embracing mainstream international law, this section on oau explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources [...]...
54. Preferential Treatment In the United States For information about Preferential treatment in the context of international trade, click here Embracing mainstream international law, this section on preferential treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
55. CBD Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cbd explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cbd" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
56. CND Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cnd explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cnd" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
57. COM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on com explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "com" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
58. COP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cop explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cop" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
59. CSW Embracing mainstream international law, this section on csw explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "csw" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
60. CTC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ctc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "ctc" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
61. DFS Embracing mainstream international law, this section on dfs explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "dfs" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
62. Filing and Recording Embracing mainstream international law, this section on filing and recording explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "filing and recording" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
63. Financing of Terrorism Embracing mainstream international law, this section on financing of terrorism explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "financing of terrorism" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
64. Forced Labour Embracing mainstream international law, this section on forced labour explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "forced labour" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
65. I.C.C. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on i.c.c. explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "i.c.c." in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
66. I.C.J. I.C.J. I.C.J. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on i.c.j. explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further [...]...
67. IHL Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ihl explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "ihl" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
68. LMC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on lmc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "lmc" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
69. LOS Embracing mainstream international law, this section on los explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "los" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
70. MDG Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mdg explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mdg" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
71. P.C.I.J Embracing mainstream international law, this section on p.c.i.j explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "p.c.i.j" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
72. PBC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on pbc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "pbc" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
73. SC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on sc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "sc" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
74. Ter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "ter" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
75. World Tourism Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the [...]...
76. U.N.T.S. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on u.n.t.s. explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "u.n.t.s." in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
77. UNV Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unv explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
78. WMD Embracing mainstream international law, this section on wmd explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "wmd" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic [...]...
79. WMO Embracing mainstream international law, this section on wmo explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
80. Flag Summary of Flag The country of registration of a vessel or aircraft. Read the listing of flag abbreviations, by country or by abbreviation.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Spanish Translation of pavilion and flag This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to [...]...
81. Flag Discrimination Actions taken by a government to favor or discourage movement of cargoes aboard vessels flying certain flags; for example, a nation may require that certain cargoes or percentages of overall cargo tonnage move aboard its own vessels.......
82. Flag Carrier Flag Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Flag Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel registered under the flag of a particular country. Some counties support their merchant marine industry by limiting certain types of cargo to vessel [...]...
83. Flag of Truce Embracing mainstream international law, this section on flag of truce explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag of truce" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
84. Flag State Embracing mainstream international law, this section on flag state explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag state" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
85. Flags of Convenience Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
86. First Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel flying the flag of the exporting country.......
87. Certificate Of Public Convenience And Necessity The document issued to a common carrier by the appropriate regulatory agency authorizing the carrier to haul specified cargoes between designated points under established rates.......
88. Right to Fly Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on right to fly flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, right to fly" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
89. U.N. Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on u.n. flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, u.n." in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
90. Convenience Convenience and Necessity Resources See Also Public convenience and necessity...
91. Second Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel that flies the flag of the importing country.......
92. Third-Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel that flies the flag of neither the exporting nor the importing country.......
93. Foreign Flag Violation of a Foreign Flag: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: A political criminal, imprisoned in Port-au-Prince, in Hayti, escapes from the prison and makes for [...]...
94. Abuse of Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on abuse of flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, abuse of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
95. Jurisdiction Follows the Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on jurisdiction follows the flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "jurisdiction follows the flag" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
96. Maritime Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on maritime flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "maritime flag" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
97. Convenience Account Description of Convenience Account In this reference work, convenience account is a sort of the Banking category. Resources See Also Banks Banking Joint Tenancy Banking...
98. National Flag Carrier A common car RIER (read this and related legal terms for further details)-usually a steamship line or an airline- that bears its country's flag and is viewed in the trading community as representing the commercial in......
99. Administrative-convenience Exception Description of Administrative-convenience Exception In this reference work, administrative-convenience exception is a sort of the Bankruptcy category. Resources See Also Bankruptcy Bankruptcy...
100. White Flag The Use of the White Flag: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: During war between states A and B, an outlying fort of a harbour of state A is being bombarded by the [...]...
101. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
102. Flight Of Capital A significant movement of capital, usually in liquid form, from one jurisdiction to another. This capital movement usually occurs in response to troubled economic or political conditions that might result in confiscation, excessive taxation, or loss in value. However, this term may be applied as wel......
103. Flotsam Wreckage of a ship or its cargo found floating upon the sea.......
104. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
105. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
106. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
107. Blockade Summary of Blockade An interdiction of maritime traffic to and/or from a given port or nation by the naval forces of another nation. Blockades usually arise out of declared war or other belligerent condition between the country whose area is blockaded and the country whose forces have [...]...
108. Boycott Summary of Boycott A conspiracy or coalition for the purpose of impeding the commerce of another. Boycotts are often attempts to advance political objectives by economic means and fall into two categories; the primary boycott, in which a party to the boycott refrains from trading with the [...]...
109. Cabotage Summary of Cabotage Literally, coastwise navigation, generally used to denote the proscription of foreign flag vessels in a nation's coastwise trade. Since an act of Congress in 1817 (2 Stat. 351), the coastwise trade of the United States has been reserved exclusively to American [...]...
110. Cartel Summary of Cartel An alliance among firms in the same line of business aimed at controlling or dominating their field on an international basis.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Definition of Cartel In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Cartel : [...]...
111. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
112. Countervailing Duties Summary of Countervailing Duties Special duties, over and above ordinary duties, imposed upon imported merchandise to counteract the economic advantage provided to the foreign supplier by his government in the form of export subsidies. The object of countervailing duties is to protect [...]...
113. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
114. Double Taxation Summary of Double Taxation The condition that arises when a multinational firm is taxed on overseas income in both the source country and the country of the corporation's domicile. This problem arises because nations use varying systems of taxation. Recognizing that double taxation is [...]...
115. Drawback A feature of U.S. customs law that permits an American exporter to recover duties paid on foreign components or raw materials later fabricated into American products and exported. Upon exportation of the manufactured article a recovery or drawback, equal to 99 percent of the duties paid on the [...]...
116. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
117. Embargo Summary of Embargo A suspension of trade between nations, usually for political reasons. The term embargo is also applied to a governmental edict prohibiting entry or departure from the nation's ports of vessels flying the flag of a particular country. In those cases where ports are closed [...]...
118. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
119. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
120. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...