Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Nonprofit Finance Literature Review on Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Woods Bowman offers the following summary about the topic of Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management: The first half of this entry covers technical [...]...
2. Pay-As-You-Go Literature Review on Pay-As-You-Go Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David L. Baker offers the following summary about the topic of Pay-As-You-Go Financing: The following review of PAYGO financing unfolds through several sections. First, PAYGO [...]...
3. Finance Seasonality Literature Review on Finance Seasonality In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Daniel Williams offers the following summary about the topic of Finance Seasonality: This entry defines seasonality. Seasonality is relevant to all time-variant data and may affect [...]...
4. State Supervision Literature Review on (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia Beckett offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance: States have the [...]...
5. Fund Balance Literature Review on Accounting: Fund Balance and Net Position In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Dean Michael Mead offers the following summary about the topic of Fund Balance and Net Position in Accounting: Financial position—the status of a [...]...
6. Infrastructure Banks Literature Review on Infrastructure Banks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Can Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Bond Banks, Infrastructure Banks, and State Revolving Funds: Traditional funding sources have not been able to meet the [...]...
7. Public Administration Political Science: Fields in Political Science: Public Administration Introduction to Public Administration Political scientists interested in public administration study government organizations and their relation to other parts of government. Political scientists investigate how these [...]...
8. Social Risks Literature Review on (Social Policy) New Social Risks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Giuliano Bonoli offers the following summary about the topic of (Social Policy) New Social Risks: The notion of "new social risks" refers to situations that [...]...
9. Public Relations in Public Administration Literature Review on Public Relations in Public Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mordecai Lee offers the following summary about the topic of Public Relations in Public Administration: By its very nature, public administration is a public [...]...
10. Social Media in the Public Sector Literature Review on Social Media in the Public Sector In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Ines Mergel offers the following summary about the topic of Social Media in the Public Sector: Social media applications are extending the one-directional static [...]...
11. International Fisheries Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international fisheries company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international fisheries company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
12. Annual Financial Reports Literature Review on Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joy A. Clay offers the following summary about the topic of Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR): Popular reporting has become a means of providing important [...]...
13. Futures Literature Review on Futures and Options In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Greg Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Futures and Options: This entry discusses the concepts and practices of futures and options in the financial market. It [...]...
14. Certification As Governance Literature Review on (Policy Making) Certification as Governance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Graeme Auld offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Making) Certification as Governance: Recent decades have witnessed a proliferation of [...]...
15. Budgetary Decision Literature Review on Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in Theory and Practice In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald J. Miller, Jonathan B. Justice and Iryna Illiash provide the following summary about the topic of Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in [...]...
16. Financial Statement Literature Review on Financial Statement Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin Ives offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis allows the analyst to assess an entity's [...]...
17. Policy Values Literature Review on Policy Analysis and Values In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Analysis and Values: Values structure policy analysis. This entry examines the role of individual [...]...
18. Policy Process Literature Review on (Policy Analysis) Policy Process Models In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas A. Birkland offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Analysis) Policy Process Models: The simplest definition of the term "public [...]...
19. Policy Making in Local Government Literature Review on Policy Making in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jeremy L. Hall offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Making in Local Government: Local policy making, while similar, differs in important ways from [...]...
20. Win-Win Policy Literature Review on (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart S. Nagel offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions: Win–win policy refers to public policy that is capable [...]...
21. Sciences Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) New Sciences Approach In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Göktu_ Morçöl offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) New Sciences Approach: "New Sciences" is a [...]...
22. Debt Affordability Literature Review on Debt Affordability In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bill Simonsen, Mark D. Robbins and Raymond Brown provide the following summary about the topic of Debt Affordability: Municipal bonds are an important way that state and local [...]...
23. Government-Sponsored Enterprises Literature Review on Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart C. Strother and Steven G. Koven provide the following summary about the topic of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): Government-sponsored enterprises [...]...
24. Government Law Government ......
25. Fiscal Transparency Literature Review on Fiscal Transparency In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] A. Premchand offers the following summary about the topic of Fiscal Transparency: The content of fiscal transparency has evolved over years. The cumulative developments in this area [...]...
26. Network Analysis Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Network Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Naim Kapucu offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) Network Analysis: With the increase in network analysis-based [...]...
27. Social Services Contracting Literature Review on Social Services: Contracting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Nancy McCarthy Snyder offers the following summary about the topic of Social Services: Contracting: This entry addresses the issues associated with growth in government [...]...
28. Evolutionary Theory Literature Review on Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy: Evolutionary theory can inform policy discussion. This [...]...
29. Development Policy Literature Review on Development Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Lawrence S. Graham offers the following summary about the topic of Development Policy: Development policy is the overarching term we use today in public administration and public [...]...
30. Policy Change Literature Review on Policy Change In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] James L. True offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Change: Government policies sometimes undergo major changes. A new purpose is undertaken, or a new program is [...]...
31. Government Failure Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Government Failure In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas S. Nesslein offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) Government Failure: This entry presents a contrast [...]...
32. Science Policy Literature Review on Science Policy: NSF and Research Ethics In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Linda L. Layne offers the following summary about the topic of Science Policy: NSF and Research Ethics: The federal regulations that shape the way research [...]...
33. Defense Policy Literature Review on (Defense and Military Policy) Casualty Aversion In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Yagil Levy offers the following summary about the topic of (Defense and Military Policy) Casualty Aversion: This entry describes the emergence of the [...]...
34. Cost Allocation Literature Review on Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing: State and local revenue from user [...]...
35. Financial Accounting Financial accounting includes information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade associations—although the information is also of interest to the [...]...
36. Municipal Securities Literature Review on Municipal Securities In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mark D. Robbins and Bill Simonsen provide the following summary about the topic of Municipal Securities: Governments borrow money for various reasons, including the need to [...]...
37. Faith-Based Organizations Literature Review on Faith-Based Organizations and Service Delivery In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Carol J. De Vita offers the following summary about the topic of Faith-Based Organizations and Service Delivery: The term "faith-based [...]...
38. H. George Frederickson Literature Review on H. George Frederickson In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Edmund C. Stazyk offers the following summary about the topic of H. George Frederickson: This entry reviews the life and work of H. George Frederickson. A generalist in the field [...]...
39. Governance Networks Literature Review on Governance Networks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Robert Agranoff and Michael McGuire offers the following summary about the topic of Governance Networks: Governance networks bring the nonprofit and for-profit sectors together with [...]...
40. Frances Perkins Literature Review on Frances Perkins In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Norma M. Riccucci offers the following summary about the topic of Frances Perkins: Frances Perkins, educator, social worker, and leader in government, was the first woman cabinet member [...]...
41. Postpositivist Perspectives Literature Review on (Policy Analysis) Postpositivist Perspectives In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Göktu_ Morçöl offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Analysis) Postpositivist Perspectives: Postpositivism is a group of philosophical [...]...
42. Foreign Base Finance Company It was a financing operation organized abroad (usually in a tax haven) that had as its main purpose the arranging of loans abroad in Eurocurrencies, almost always on behalf of its parent or affiliates.......
43. Accountability Problems Literature Review on Accountability Design Problems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David S. Jarvis offers the following summary about the topic of Accountability Design Problems: In the study of government accountability, one thing that is often [...]...
44. Institutional Economics Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) New Institutional Economics In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Brian E. Dollery and Joe L. Wallis provide the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) New Institutional [...]...
45. Public Service Literature Review on Public Service In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard A. Loverd offers the following summary about the topic of Public Service: Public service can be analyzed as a place of employment or an attitude. While the challenges are great, [...]...
46. Arbitrage Summary of Arbitrage The practice whereby foreign exchange or commodities are purchased in one market at lower cost and rapidly traded off in another, higher cost market. For example, if the pound sterling sells for $1.50 in Paris, but only $1.45 in New York, an arbitrageur could buy [...]...
47. Welfare Economics Literature Review on Welfare Economics In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Glenn A. Daley offers the following summary about the topic of Welfare Economics: Welfare economics includes understanding why something happens and analyzing the consequences of [...]...
48. Growth Management Literature Review on (Local Government) Growth Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Insung Kang offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) Growth Management: This entry explains the background of growth management and its [...]...
49. Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration Literature Review on Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Peter J. Haas offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration: The critical aspect of performance [...]...
50. Policy Research Literature Review on Policy Research: Measuring Benefits In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Henry E. Kilpatrick offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Research: Measuring Benefits: This entry discusses issues in evaluating social science [...]...
51. Attractors Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Attractors, Strange Attractors, and Fractals In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David Ogula offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) Attractors, Strange Attractors, [...]...
52. Tax Administration Literature Review on Tax Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] John L. Mikesell offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Administration: Tax administration defines tax policy. The manner in which a tax is implemented determines the [...]...
53. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
54. Budget Performance Literature Review on Budgeting: Performance-Based In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Judith R. Brown offers the following summary about the topic of Performance-Based Budgeting: What benefits do citizens realize from their investment in government? We pay [...]...
55. Robert T. Golembiewski Literature Review on Robert T. Golembiewski In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] R. Wayne Boss, Rex L. Facer, Mark L. McConkie, Gerald J. Miller and Samuel J. Yeager provide the following summary about the topic of Robert T. Golembiewski: Robert T. [...]...
56. Human Relations Literature Review on Management Theory: Human Relations School In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald T. Gabris offers the following summary about the topic of Management Theory: Human Relations School: In human relations management, it is assumed that [...]...
57. Operations Research Literature Review on Operations Research In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Operations Research: Operations research and management science techniques have been invaluable tools in many [...]...
58. Organizational Culture Literature Review on Organizational Culture In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Craig Lundberg offers the following summary about the topic of Organizational Culture: To argue, as is the intent of this entry, that some aspects of cultures, under some [...]...
59. Administrative Reform Literature Review on Ethics and Administrative Reform In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jeroen Maesschalck offers the following summary about the topic of Ethics and Administrative Reform: The implementation of "new public management" as well as [...]...
60. Foreign Policy Analysis Literature Review on Foreign Policy Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Eric K. Leonard offers the following summary about the topic of Foreign Policy Analysis: In the 1950s, the field of international politics (IP) split in two. The study of IP [...]...
61. Policy Termination Literature Review on Policy Termination In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mark R. Daniels offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Termination: This entry reviews the literature on policy termination, which occurs when one policy is adopted [...]...
62. Herbert Simon Literature Review on Herbert Simon In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] T. Aaron Wachhaus offers the following summary about the topic of Herbert Simon: Herbert Simon was a central figure in twentieth-century social sciences. He is perhaps best well known for [...]...
63. Welfare Reform Literature Review on (Social Policy) Welfare Reform In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Edward T. Jennings offers the following summary about the topic of (Social Policy) Welfare Reform: Reform has dramatically changed the character, symbolism, and [...]...
64. Citizen Participation in Local Government Literature Review on Citizen Participation in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Anthony J. Nownes offers the following summary about the topic of Citizen Participation in Local Government: Citizens can participate in government and [...]...
65. John Gaus Literature Review on John Gaus In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Beryl A. Radin offers the following summary about the topic of John Gaus: John M. Gaus was one of the fathers of public administration whose career included both the worlds of the [...]...
66. Patronage Literature Review on (Personnel Policy) Patronage and Spoils In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Donald E. Klingner offers the following summary about the topic of (Personnel Policy) Patronage and Spoils: This entry discusses the following: 1) the role of [...]...
67. Policy Design Literature Review on Policy Design In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Anne L. Schneider and Helen Ingram provide the following summary about the topic of Policy Design: Policy design refers to the content and substance of public policy—the tools, [...]...
68. Public Policy Formation Literature Review on (Policy Making) Ambiguity and Public Policy Formation In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Nikolaos Zahariadis offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Making) Ambiguity and Public Policy Formation: Multiple streams (MS) is [...]...
69. Barriers Literature Review on Productivity: Barriers In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David N. Ammons offers the following summary about the topic of Productivity: Barriers: Obstacles to productivity improvement efforts in the public sector can be numerous and [...]...
70. Value for Money Value For Money (VFM) in International Trade Meaning of Value For Money (VFM), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A measure of quality that assesses the monetary cost of the product or service against the quality and/or benefits of that product or service, [...]...
71. Debt Issuance Literature Review on Debt Issuance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Beverly S. Bunch offers the following summary about the topic of Debt Issuance: Debt issuance occurs when a government borrows money and agrees to repay the money with interest at a later [...]...
72. Economic Models Literature Review on (Decision Making) Economic Models In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard G. Sims offers the following summary about the topic of (Decision Making) Economic Models: This entry addresses economic models that are useful when the issue [...]...
73. Public Policy Discourse Literature Review on (Ethics) Biomedical and Public Policy Discourse In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] John Abbott Worthley offers the following summary about the topic of (Ethics) Biomedical and Public Policy Discourse: What is the nature of public [...]...
74. Credit Enhancements Literature Review on Credit Enhancements In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin J. Luby and Tima T. Moldogaziev provide the following summary about the topic of Credit Enhancements: State and local governments often seek third-party credit enhancement as [...]...
75. Pensions Under-Funding Literature Review on Pensions: Under-Funding In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Paul J.M. Klumpes and Liyan Tang provide the following summary about the topic of Pensions: Under-Funding: This entry outlines the limitations of existing accrual-based [...]...
76. Efficiency Literature Review on Efficiency as Performance Measurement In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hwang-Sun Kang offers the following summary about the topic of Efficiency as Performance Measurement: This entry introduces the concept of efficiency and discusses [...]...
77. Policy Diffusion Literature Review on Policy Diffusion In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Karen Mossberger offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Diffusion: Policy diffusion involves the spread of policy ideas across political jurisdictions. This entry [...]...
78. Currency Currency in International Trade Meaning of Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The circulating media of exchange in a country. Includes money and such financial instruments as checks. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law [...]...
79. Intelligence: Military Literature Review on Intelligence: Military In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Carl J. Jensen, David H. McElreath and Melissa Graves provide the following summary about the topic of Intelligence: Military: Intelligence activities by the government have a [...]...
80. Offset Contracts Literature Review on (Procurement) Offset Contracts In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Travis K. Taylor offers the following summary about the topic of (Procurement) Offset Contracts: This entry evaluates offset contracts in government procurement. Offsets [...]...
81. Tax Expenditures Literature Review on Tax Expenditures In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Iryna Illiash offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Expenditures: The concept of tax expenditures is not universally accepted. In many respects, tax expenditures are the [...]...
82. Financing Support Financing Support and International Trade Resources See Also export credits...
83. Financing Enterprises Financing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indian Industry: the Role of Technology, the Law and other Social Sciences During the last five decade, the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in the Indian economy have emerged as a dynamic, vibrant segment having a significant [...]...
84. Financing of Terrorism Embracing mainstream international law, this section on financing of terrorism explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "financing of terrorism" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
85. Financing Orders Sample Financing Orders in relation with Debtor-in-possession Financing This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Sample Financing Orders covered in connexion with Debtor-in-possession Financing and banking / lending Institutions....
86. Financing Programmed Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financing programmed in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
87. Aid Financing Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to aid financing in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
88. Self Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
89. A Forfait Financing Read details of Forfaiting.......
90. Compensatory Financing Facility A special lending facility of the International Monetary Fund designed to aid developing nations confronted with temporary payment imbalances. The facility was established in 1963 to provide shortterm financing to nations dependent upon primary products for export income, and where that income had d......
91. Nonrecourse Export Financing Read details of Forfaiting.......
92. Parallel Financing An arrangement whereby two lenders participate in financing in different parts of a given project without having legal ties between the loan contracts. Each lender evaluates the project independently and administers its own loan.......
93. Title Xi Financing In the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, a provision for the U.S. government to act as guarantor on debt obligations contracted by U.S. citizens for the purpose of constructing vessels to trade under the American flag.......
94. Business Financing Business Financing......
95. Terrorist Financing Contents Terrorist Financing AML/CFT – Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Money laundering is the process by which ... Read more...
96. Campaign Financing Campaign Financing or Finance in Election Law Financial resources needed to cover the costs of an election campaign, so that candidates may publicise their political programme. In democratic countries, campaign financing is regulated by law to ensure political independence and to provide equal [...]...
97. Private Financing Private Financing in Election Law Sums of money provided by private organisations or individuals to candidates or political parties to cover costs incurred by their political activities, such as an election campaign, in particular. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
98. Public Financing Public Financing in Election Law Sums of money provided by the state to parties or candidates running in an election to cover costs incurred by their participation, in particular during the election campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
99. Debt Financing and Capacity Literature Review on Debt Financing and Capacity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Debt Financing and Capacity: Debt financing is a major means states and local governments use to pay [...]...
100. Economic Development Financing Literature Review on Economic Development Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development Financing: Economic development is a policy priority for most local, regional, and [...]...
101. Tax Increment Financing Literature Review on Tax Increment Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Deborah A. Carroll offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Increment Financing: Tax increment financing (TIF) is an economic development tool and financial [...]...
102. Debtor-in-possession Financing Debtor-in-possession Financing regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Debtor-in-possession Financing covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
103. Deficit Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
104. Social Security Financing Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Social Security Financing Social Insurance Social Security System...
105. Method of Financing Resources See Also Social Security Financing Social Insurance Social Security System...
106. Methods of Financing Resources See Also Social Security Financing Social Insurance Social Security System...
107. Banking And Financing Controlled Foreign Corporation A controlled foreign corporation within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, that derives more than 50 percent of its gross income from retail or commercial banking, negotiable paper transactions, or investment banking.......
108. Acceptance Financing An arrangement by which a bank extends to an exporter or importer a line of credit, known as the acceptance facility, to finance the purchase or sale of goods. The borrower draws against the line of credit by drawing drafts, with future maturity dates, upon the bank; the bank will accept such drafts......
109. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
110. Fideicommissary Substitutions Contents Fideicommissary Substitutions Fideicommissary substitutions were, before the French revolution, a devise whereby a grantor could transfer property to his ... Read more...
111. First Amendment: Finding Jefferson Contents First Amendment: Finding Jefferson In his Finding Jefferson: A Lost Letter, A Remarkable Discovery, and the First Amendment in ... Read more...
112. Finality in Criminal Law and Federal Habeas Corpus for State Prisoners Contents Finality in Criminal Law and Federal Habeas Corpus for State Prisoners   Paul M. Bator In examining the circumstances ... Read more...
113. Fiduciary Contents Fiduciary Fiduciary, person standing in a special relationship of trust, confidence, or responsibility to another. For information on Fiduciary: ... Read more...
114. Financial Reporting Traditionally, the function of financial reporting was to provide proprietors with information about the companies that they owned and operated. Once the delegation of managerial responsibilities to hired personnel became a common practice, financial reporting began to focus on stewardship, [...]...
115. Fiber Constraints The United States is party to various multilateral and bilateral agreements concerning the importation of certain textile products. In order to monitor compliance with these agreements, and to identify products subject to specific quantitative or other controls, it is necessary that certain products......
116. Fiduciary Currency A currency backed solely by the faith of the government that issues it. The term does not carry the negative import often associated with fiat money (read this and related legal terms for further details). See also Money......
117. Field Warehousing An inventory financing arrangement characterized by the act of storing goods at or near the user's premises, but under effective control of a public warehouseman. The warehouseman issues a negotiable warehouse receipt that is used as collateral to procure the merchandise. As merchandise is neede......
118. Fighting Ship A vessel employed by a steamship line, conference, or group on a given trade route at less than competitive rates for the purpose of driving out competition, thereby gaming control or preeminence over the route. The use of ships for such purpose is prohibited under the laws of the United States and ......
119. Filing Company An insurance company that issues a front policy, i.e., issues a policy but retains little or none of the risk exposure, reinsuring it with another carrier.......
120. Final Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......