Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Debt Financing and Capacity Literature Review on Debt Financing and Capacity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Debt Financing and Capacity: Debt financing is a major means states and local governments use to pay [...]...
2. Tax Increment Financing Literature Review on Tax Increment Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Deborah A. Carroll offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Increment Financing: Tax increment financing (TIF) is an economic development tool and financial [...]...
3. Nonprofit Finance Literature Review on Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Woods Bowman offers the following summary about the topic of Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management: The first half of this entry covers technical [...]...
4. Finance Literature Review on Finance: Activity-Based Costing (ABC) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas Buttross and George Schmelzle provide the following summary about the topic of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Finance: This entry is meant to provide the [...]...
5. Pay-As-You-Go Literature Review on Pay-As-You-Go Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David L. Baker offers the following summary about the topic of Pay-As-You-Go Financing: The following review of PAYGO financing unfolds through several sections. First, PAYGO [...]...
6. Total Quality Management Literature Review on Total Quality Management (TQM) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Michael E. Milakovich offers the following summary about the topic of Total Quality Management (TQM): This entry traces federal, state, and local government efforts to [...]...
7. State Supervision Literature Review on (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia Beckett offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance: States have the [...]...
8. Economic Development Financing Literature Review on Economic Development Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development Financing: Economic development is a policy priority for most local, regional, and [...]...
9. Fund Balance Literature Review on Accounting: Fund Balance and Net Position In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Dean Michael Mead offers the following summary about the topic of Fund Balance and Net Position in Accounting: Financial position—the status of a [...]...
10. Infrastructure Banks Literature Review on Infrastructure Banks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Can Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Bond Banks, Infrastructure Banks, and State Revolving Funds: Traditional funding sources have not been able to meet the [...]...
11. Financing Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financing in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
12. Foreign Base Finance Company It was a financing operation organized abroad (usually in a tax haven) that had as its main purpose the arranging of loans abroad in Eurocurrencies, almost always on behalf of its parent or affiliates.......
13. Cost Allocation Literature Review on Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing: State and local revenue from user [...]...
14. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
15. Campaign Financing Campaign Financing or Finance in Election Law Financial resources needed to cover the costs of an election campaign, so that candidates may publicise their political programme. In democratic countries, campaign financing is regulated by law to ensure political independence and to provide equal [...]...
16. Self Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
17. Currency Currency in International Trade Meaning of Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The circulating media of exchange in a country. Includes money and such financial instruments as checks. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law [...]...
18. Deficit Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
19. Government Participation Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
20. Government Subsidy Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
21. Risk Management Summary of Risk Management The application of management techniques to identify, quantify, and respond to threats of loss or damage to a firm's assets. Such threats may arise from random events such as fire, explosion, theft, and acts of nature, or from the conscious efforts of external [...]...
22. Budgetary Decision Literature Review on Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in Theory and Practice In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald J. Miller, Jonathan B. Justice and Iryna Illiash provide the following summary about the topic of Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in [...]...
23. Government-Sponsored Enterprises Literature Review on Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart C. Strother and Steven G. Koven provide the following summary about the topic of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs): Government-sponsored enterprises [...]...
24. Foreign Exchange Control Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
25. Foreign Exchange Reserve Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
26. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
27. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
28. Policy Process Literature Review on (Policy Analysis) Policy Process Models In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas A. Birkland offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Analysis) Policy Process Models: The simplest definition of the term "public [...]...
29. Policy Making in Local Government Literature Review on Policy Making in Local Government In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jeremy L. Hall offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Making in Local Government: Local policy making, while similar, differs in important ways from [...]...
30. Financing Programmed Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financing programmed in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
31. Government Law Government ......
32. Futures Literature Review on Futures and Options In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Greg Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Futures and Options: This entry discusses the concepts and practices of futures and options in the financial market. It [...]...
33. Food Subsidy Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
34. Delay Clause Delay Clause in International Trade Meaning of Delay Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An insurance policy clause that excludes claims for loss of market and for loss, damage or deterioration arising from delay. This exclusion appears in almost [...]...
35. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
36. Debt Affordability Literature Review on Debt Affordability In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bill Simonsen, Mark D. Robbins and Raymond Brown provide the following summary about the topic of Debt Affordability: Municipal bonds are an important way that state and local [...]...
37. Arbitrage Summary of Arbitrage The practice whereby foreign exchange or commodities are purchased in one market at lower cost and rapidly traded off in another, higher cost market. For example, if the pound sterling sells for $1.50 in Paris, but only $1.45 in New York, an arbitrageur could buy [...]...
38. Particular Average Summary of Particular Average A partial loss of the value of cargo shipped by sea attributable to a marine peril. See free of particular average.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Particular Average in International Trade Meaning of Particular Average, according to the Dictionary [...]...
39. Clauses Sue & Labor Clause in International Trade Meaning of Sue & Labor Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A provision in marine insurance obligating the assured to do things necessary after a loss to prevent further loss and to act in the best interests [...]...
40. Aid Financing Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to aid financing in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
41. Public Relations in Public Administration Literature Review on Public Relations in Public Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mordecai Lee offers the following summary about the topic of Public Relations in Public Administration: By its very nature, public administration is a public [...]...
42. Monetary System European Monetary System (ems) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary system (ems) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary System (ems)" [...]...
43. Monetary Transfer Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
44. Director CEO in Business Meaning of CEO, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking manager in a corporation. He or she is in charge of growth, financial operations, and goal setting for an organization. This [...]...
45. Municipal Securities Literature Review on Municipal Securities In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mark D. Robbins and Bill Simonsen provide the following summary about the topic of Municipal Securities: Governments borrow money for various reasons, including the need to [...]...
46. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
47. Fire Insurance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
48. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
49. Science Policy Literature Review on Science Policy: NSF and Research Ethics In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Linda L. Layne offers the following summary about the topic of Science Policy: NSF and Research Ethics: The federal regulations that shape the way research [...]...
50. Public Accounting Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
51. Public Borrowing Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
52. Financial Law Spanish Translation of financial lawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial law and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
53. Financial Accounting Financial accounting includes information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade associations—although the information is also of interest to the [...]...
54. Financial Reporting Traditionally, the function of financial reporting was to provide proprietors with information about the companies that they owned and operated. Once the delegation of managerial responsibilities to hired personnel became a common practice, financial reporting began to focus on stewardship, [...]...
55. Financial Paper Short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by finance companies. The funds raised by the sale of financial paper are loaned out to commercial firms to finance inventories and current receivables.......
56. Financial Risk The risk borne by an exporter that his foreign customer may be unable or unwilling to pay for the merchandise purchased; the financial risk relates purely to commercial considerations and not to such "political" risks as expropriation or inconvertibility of currency.......
57. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
58. Financial Crises Financial Crises Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Financial Crises , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Financial Crises , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) ...
59. Financial Asset Spanish Translation of financial assetThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial asset and / or a definition of this topic: Activo Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
60. Financial Income Spanish Translation of financial incomeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial income and / or a definition of this topic: Renta Financiera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
61. Financial Sanctions Financial Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 11, 2011, FinCEN issued a final rule to implement section 104(e) of CISADA. 76 Fed. Reg. 62,607 (Oct. 11, 2011). This final rule [...]...
62. Financial Rules Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank: (As reviewed in this legal encyclopedia in relation to international law issues in the year 2012) at 410-12, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission [...]...
63. Financial Condition Literature Review on Financial Condition In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Condition: This entry describes local government financial condition, its importance, and discusses [...]...
64. Financial Emergencies Literature Review on Financial Emergencies In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Emergencies: This entry provides a comprehensive description of local government financial [...]...
65. Financial Engineering Distributed Parameter Systems Control and Its Applications to Financial Engineering, the Law and other Social Sciences The chapter analyzes differential flatness theory for the control of single asset and multi-asset option price dynamics, described by PDE models. Through these control [...]...
66. Financial Investing Applying Artificial Intelligence to Financial Investing, the Law and other Social Sciences Artificial intelligence techniques have long been applied to financial investing scenarios to determine market inefficiencies, criteria for credit scoring, and bankruptcy prediction, to name a few. While [...]...
67. Financial Regulation Financial Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, financial regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Standards Banking Core Principles Insurance Core Principles Standards for Market Actors...
68. Financial Instruments Financial Instruments in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial instruments on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
69. Financial Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
70. Financial Institution Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
71. Financial System Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
72. Financial Administration Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
73. Financial Management Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
74. Financial Accounting Standards Board A private, non-profit organization concerned with formulating standards for financial accounting and reporting by U.S. industry. The FASB is independent of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and other professional bodies. In 1973 the FASB succeeded the Accounting Principl......
75. Financial Resource Management Literature Review on (Local Government) Financial Resource Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Klase offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) Financial Resource Management: Financial resource management in [...]...
76. Financial Stability Board Financial Stability Board (FSB) This section provides an overview of financial stability board (fsb) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Eva Hüpkes, "Financial Stability Board [...]...
77. Financial Action Task Force Financial Action Task Force (FATF) This section provides an overview of financial action task force (fatf) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Riccardo Sansonetti, "Financial Action Task [...]...
78. Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial leasing (uniform law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
79. Financial Institution Mergers Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
80. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 52 A set of accounting rules governing offshore and multicurrency transactions, adopted in 1981 and mandatory for use by December 15, 1984. FASB 52 replaces Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and re......
81. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 8 A far-reaching and controversial pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board governing accounting practices used by American firms in transactions involving foreign currencies. The pronouncement, known commonly as FASB 8, came into effect for fiscal years beginning January 1, 1976. Am......
82. Know Loss Know Loss in International Trade Meaning of Know Loss, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Loss or damage that was discovered before delivery....
83. Financial Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financial aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
84. Loss Of Specie In marine insurance usage, a transformation of merchandise as the result of external physical forces so as to deprive the goods of their original fundamental characteristics. For example, when a cargo of copper pipe is melted down as the result of a shipboard fire, the copper may still have value as......
85. Loss Payee A person or firm named in an insurance policy to receive the proceeds of a claim settlement. Very often the loss payee is a bank or other financial institution with a financial interest in the goods insured.......
86. Deadweight Loss Deadweight Loss and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Deadweight Loss: The net cost to society due to market imperfections or government interventions such as trade restrictions --i.e., losses by [...]...
87. Salvage Loss Salvage Loss in International Trade Meaning of Salvage Loss, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A method of insurance adjustment where the underwriter pays the difference between the amount of insurance and the net proceeds of the sale of damaged goods. It [...]...
88. Financial Services Financial Services and the World Trade Organization Financial Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. European Passport and Europe There is an entry on european passport in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of financial [...]...
89. Financial Statement Literature Review on Financial Statement Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin Ives offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis allows the analyst to assess an entity's [...]...
90. Financial Inclusion Financial Inclusion, Content, and Information Technologies in Latin America, the Law and other Social Sciences While the current scientific literature is quite scarce for most of the developing world, several leading researchers have made great strides in understanding the role of cyber [...]...
91. Loss of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on loss of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "territory, loss of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
92. Financial Stability This section provides an overview of financial stability within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nina Reiser, "Financial [...]...
93. Economic Loss Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic loss in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
94. Amount of Loss Resources See Also Damages...
95. Constructive Loss Resources See Also Constructive total loss...
96. Financial Sector Resources See Also Saving Loan Deregulation...
97. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
98. Principles for Allocating Loss Contents Principles for Allocating Loss — Decreasing Principles of Culpability • Intention Principle ? Played out through fraud doctrine. Pin ... Read more...
99. Actual Total Loss In marine insurance, a loss where nothing remains of the insured property but debris, or where the property is so situated as to make recovery impossible.......
100. Constructive Total Loss Summary of Constructive Total Loss In marine insurance, a loss where cost of repair or recovery would exceed the value of the property were it to be saved or repaired. In British usage, an insured cannot claim a constructive total loss unless the costs of rehabilitation exceed 100 percent [...]...
101. Excess Of Loss Treaty A contract of reinsurance under which the primary policy issuer agrees to pay in full any loss up to a prearranged sum, with everything in excess of that amount borne by the reinsurer.......
102. Stop Loss Treaty A contract of reinsurance under which the primary policy issuer accepts all losses up to a prearranged loss ratio (derived by applying the losses against premium income for the year), after which the reinsurer is liable up to a specified limit.......
103. Stop Loss Order Stop Loss Order in International Trade Meaning of Stop Loss Order, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An order to buy (on a short position) or to sell (on a long position) foreign exchange if the rate rises above or falls below a specific limit. As soon as [...]...
104. General Average Loss Resources See Also General average contribution Jettison...
105. Abandonment and Total Loss in Marine Insurance, Historical Contents Abandonment and Total Loss in Marine Insurance, Historical Definition Abandonment, in the law of marine insurance, is the act ... Read more...
106. Financial Crime Contents Financial Crime Money laundering and terrorism financing are the two most common forms of financial crimes in developing countries. ... Read more...
107. Normal Trade Loss The amount of product in a bulk shipment that is routinely lost during the routine course of transit, for example, the amount of grain that remains in the hold of a ship after normal discharge and cannot economically be retrieved. Such losses, within defined parameters, are not usually covered by in......
108. Customer Protection in Financial Services Spanish Translation of customer protection in financial servicesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to customer protection in financial services and / or a definition of this topic: Protección del Cliente de los Servicios Financieros (in Spanish, without [...]...
109. Online Financial Transactions The Conduct and Regulation of Internet commerce in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Online Financial Transactions and Payment Mechanisms...
110. Targeted Financial Sanctions U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions: (1) Overview The United States implements its counterterrorism [...]...
111. Annual Financial Reports Literature Review on Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joy A. Clay offers the following summary about the topic of Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR): Popular reporting has become a means of providing important [...]...
112. Action for the Loss of Services Description of Action for the Loss of Services In this reference work, action for the loss of services is a sort of the Legal History category. Resources See Also Husband Wife Legal History...
113. Consolidated Financial Statements Resources See Also Consolidated tax return...
114. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing   CHAPTER I – SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 1. ... Read more...
115. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 2 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing   Article 9 1. – The lessee shall take proper care of the ... Read more...
116. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 3 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing   Article 17 This Convention does not prevail over any treaty which has ... Read more...
117. Financial Times Financial Times In the words of Professor Michael Simkovic: “While some leading business and financial newspapers have adulterated their coverage ... Read more...
118. Asian Financial Crisis Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98): Triggered by the collapse of the Thai baht, the crisis threatened to lead to global economic meltdown, but was ultimately limited [...]...
119. International Financial Institutions International Financial Institutions Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to International Financial Institutions ....
120. Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications An organization, commonly known as SWIFT, established in 1977 by the international banking community to facilitate transactions among member banks. The SWIFT system is a data processing network for the purpose of remitting and collecting funds among the members. Banks interface with the system throu......