Export Restrictions

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Export Restrictions

Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations

In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports purely for domestic purposes, such as protecting producers and consumers from temporary shortages of certain materials, promoting processing of raw materials within the producing country, or bolstering export prices by limiting supplies in world markets. They are thus distinguished from export restraints, which are designed primarily to forestall frictions with the exporting country’s major trading partners. US efforts in the Tokyo Round to have GATT rules and disciplines extended to export restrictions were largely unsuccessful. See also export controls andsupply access.

Sanctions, Export Controls and Restrictions in 2013

United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sanctions, Export Controls and Restrictions: This entry discusses selected developments during 2013 relating to sanctions, export controls, and certain other restrictions relating to travel or U.S. government assistance. It does not cover developments in many of the United States’ longstanding financial sanctions regimes, which are discussed in detail at (link resource) treasury.gov/resourcecenter/sanctions/Pages/default.aspx. It also does not cover comprehensively developments relating to the export control programs administered by the Commerce Department or the defense trade control programs administered by the State Department. Detailed information on the Commerce Department’s activities relating to export controls is provided in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security’s Annual Report to the Congress for Fiscal Year 2013, available at (link resource) bis.doc.gov/index.php/forms-documents/doc_view/866-bis-annual-report-tocongress-for-fiscal-year-2013. Details on the State Department’s defense trade control programs are available at (link resource) pmddtc.state.gov.

Export Restrictions

This section provides an overview of export restrictions within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas).

Resources

Notes

  1. Sanctions, Export Controls and Restrictions in the Digest of United States Practice in International Law

Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

  1. International Restrictions Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): this subject area of the world Encylopedia of Law discusses selected developments during 2011 relating [...]...
  2. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
  3. Export Control Restrictions United States Executive Order 13224 Designations In relation to the international law practice and Executive Order 13224 Designations in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
  4. Assistance Restrictions Modification of Sanctions and Assistance Restrictions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Effective July 18, 2011, the Department of State lifted measures imposed on one individual (Shah Hakim [...]...
  5. Export International Restrictions Issues Communication to the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 In relation to the international law practice and Communication to the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, [...]...
  6. Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
  7. Quantitative Restrictions in Services This section provides an overview of quantitative restrictions in services within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Panagiotis Delimatsis, "Quantitative [...]...
  8. Export Control Laws Export Control Laws and the Laws of International Trade Worldwide export control laws Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Countries covered Extraterritorial application Entity-based sanctions Other export statutes Due diligence under other export statutes [...]...
  9. Export Control Reform Export Control Reform in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Export Control Reform: On April 16, 2013, the Department of State announced that the U.S. Government had issued the first in a series of new rules regarding the export of munitions and commercial [...]...
  10. Voluntary Export Restraints Summary of Voluntary Export Restraints Synonymous with Orderly Marketing Agreement (q.v. See Bilateral Restraints Agreement.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, [...]...
  11. Modification of Assistance Restrictions Modification of Sanctions and Assistance Restrictions In relation to the international law practice and Modification of Sanctions and Assistance Restrictions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this [...]...
  12. Iran Restrictions Iran in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the United States continued to pursue its dual-track approach to preventing Iran from gaining a nuclear weapons capability. see this world legal [...]...
  13. Residual Restrictions Residual Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Residual Restrictions: Quantitative restrictions maintained since before 1947 by governments that were original [...]...
  14. International Export Sanctions Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 In relation to the international law practice and Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
  15. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
  16. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
  17. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
  18. Export Control Violations Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations: On August 9, 2013, the State Department announced that it had entered into a consent agreement with Aeroflex Incorporated [...]...
  19. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
  20. Missile Sanctions Missile Sanctions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Missile Sanctions: On February 5, 2013, the State Department imposed sanctions on two Chinese persons for engaging in missile proliferation activities. 78 Fed. Reg. 9768 (Feb. 11, 2013). The sanctions [...]...
  21. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
  22. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
  23. Nonproliferation Export Controls In the United States For information about Nonproliferation export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
  24. Import Restrictions Import Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Restrictions: Measures to limit or control the volume of imports by means of tariffs ornontariff barriers [...]...
  25. Iran Sanctions Iran in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See A.2. supra. Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 In relation to the international law practice and Comprehensive Iran [...]...
  26. Quantitative Restrictions Quantitative Restrictions in International Trade Meaning of Quantitative Restrictions, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Explicit limit, or quotas, on the quantity of a good that can be imported or exported during a specified time period. This restrictions [...]...
  27. Specific Limitations on Trade Specific Limitations on Trade and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Specific Limitations on Trade: Measures that limit imports or exports of a product during a specified [...]...
  28. Resolutions of Export Control Violations Raytheon: Resolution of Export Control Violations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Raytheon: Resolution of Export Control Violations: On April 30, 2013, the State Department announced the resolution of an enforcement action against Raytheon Company. A [...]...
  29. Software Export Controls In the United States For information about Software export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
  30. Commerce Sanctions In the United States For information about Commerce sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
  31. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
  32. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
  33. Cultural Property Import Restrictions Cultural Property: Import Restrictions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the United States took steps to protect the cultural property of Italy, Colombia, and Bolivia by extending import [...]...
  34. Lifting Sanctions Lifting Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): After the transition in government in Libya, the Security Council's Libya Sanctions Committee began lifting the sanctions. Some [...]...
  35. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
  36. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
  37. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
  38. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
  39. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
  40. Nonproliferation Legislation Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act: On December 20, 2012, the Department of State made a determination to impose sanctions under the Iran, North Korea, and [...]...
  41. Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Terrorist Organizations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the Secretary of State continued to designate additional entities as Foreign Terrorist Organizations ("FTOs") [...]...
  42. Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions: On June 21, 2013, the State Department determined that lifting sanctions on five Chinese entities, imposed on [...]...
  43. Export Control Act An act of Congress passed in 1949 requiring that all commercial exports from the United States be licensed. Authority was granted to the president to devise specific regulations to control exports; this authority has been delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. The regulations subsequently [...]...
  44. Defense Export Control In the United States For information about Defense Export Control in the context of international trade, click here...
  45. Restrictions In the United States For information about Restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
  46. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
  47. Department of State Department of State in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, the Department of State announced the Secretary of State's designation of five entities and 16 individuals (including their known [...]...
  48. Export Control and Related Border Security (Exbs) Program Export Control And Related Border Security (Exbs) Program in 2016 Through the EXBS Program, the Department of State leads the interagency effort to strengthen adherence to nonproliferation norms by helping to build effective national strategic trade control and border security systems in [...]...
  49. Ofac De-listings Ofac De-listings in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, OFAC determined that six individuals, who had been designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, should be removed from the Treasury [...]...
  50. Belarus Sanctions Belarus Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 1, 2011, OFAC issued a final rule amending the Belarus Sanctions Regulations to revoke a general license that had been granted and [...]...
  51. Export Credits Arrangement Export Credits Arrangement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Credits Arrangement: Formal title is the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export [...]...
  52. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
  53. Export Compliance Export Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Enforcement: Compliance and investigations Export Administration System Penalties Effects of cooperation with the government Examples of enforcement actions Judicial review Some guidelines for export compliance [...]...
  54. International Sanctions Cross References of Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions in International Law United Nations resolution condemning Iran-supported plot against Saudi ambassador, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.B.1.b. Designation of Foreign Terrorist [...]...
  55. Imposition of Sanctions Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions [...]...
  56. Implementation of Sanctions Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions [...]...
  57. Modification of Sanctions Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions [...]...
  58. Economic Sanctions UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, [...]...
  59. Executive Order 13224 Designations Executive Order 13224 Designations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 23, 2011, OFAC designated one Iranian individual (Behnam Shahriyari) and one Iranian company (Behnam Shahriyari Trading [...]...
  60. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
  61. Legal Sanctions Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions [...]...
  62. Treasury Department Controls In the United States For information about Treasury Department controls in the context of international trade, click here...
  63. Export Quota Agreement An arrangement arising under an international commodity agreement whereby each participating exporting nation is allocated a portion of the market. Participating importing nations agree to limit imports from nonmember nations. The object of the system is to maintain price stability, thus [...]...
  64. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
  65. Opposition in Syria Easing Sanctions Affecting the Opposition in Syria in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Easing Sanctions Affecting the Opposition in Syria: On June 12, 2013, the U.S. Government took actions to ease sanctions in the areas of Syria under opposition control. [...]...
  66. Export Privileges The opportunity afforded by the U.S. government to engage in export transactions. The Export Control Act and its successor Export Administration Act have provided that all exports are under authority of license (including the general license requiring no prior approval); hence, exporting is a privil......
  67. Export Regulations In the United States For information about Export Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
  68. Commerce Department Entity List Commerce Department Entity List in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): During 2011 the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security ("BIS"), amended the Export Administration [...]...
  69. Legal Sanction Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions [...]...
  70. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
  71. Export Mailing List Service An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce. See Foreign Traders Index.......
  72. Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee): A GATT standing committee [...]...
  73. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
  74. Market Access Summary of Market Access The degree of participation in the domestic market that a nation allows to foreign suppliers. Tariffs, quotas, and similar protective devices are devices imposed to limit market access. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Market Access and National Treatment in the [...]...
  75. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
  76. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
  77. COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls): A working group of 16 [...]...
  78. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
  79. Ofac Designations Ofac Designations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): OFAC designated 31 individuals (including their known aliases) and two entities pursuant to Executive Order 13224 during 2011. The designated [...]...
  80. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
  81. Quantitative Restriction A limitation on the quantity of a given commodity that may be imported into a country during a specified period of time. A quantitative restriction is manifested as a Quota ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for further [...]...
  82. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
  83. Export Platforms Export Platforms and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Platforms: Refers to countries such as Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea that established incentive programs [...]...
  84. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
  85. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
  86. State Department In the United States For information about State Department in the context of international trade, click here...
  87. Exports Regulations The export administration regulations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions ...
  88. Democratic Process in Mali Threats to Democratic Process in Mali in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Threats to Democratic Process in Mali: After the inauguration of the new president of the Republic of Mali in September 2013, the United States lifted restrictions on assistance to the [...]...
  89. Removal of Sanctions U.S. Imposition and Removal of Sanctions Pursuant to Executive Orders in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Imposition and Removal of Sanctions Pursuant to Executive Orders: On May 16, 2013, OFAC designated Syrian Arab Airlines pursuant to both E.O. 13224 of [...]...
  90. Security Council Sanctions Security Council 1267 Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and Security Council 1267 Sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, Implementation, and [...]...
  91. Financial Sanctions Financial Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 11, 2011, FinCEN issued a final rule to implement section 104(e) of CISADA. 76 Fed. Reg. 62,607 (Oct. 11, 2011). This final rule [...]...
  92. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
  93. Price Restrictions In the United States For information about Price restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
  94. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
  95. Trade Opportunities Program An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. U.S. firms interested in marketing abroad may list their products with the International Trade Administration; this data will be retained in IT A computers and matched with inquiries received by [...]...
  96. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
  97. Territorial Restrictions Territorial Restrictions and International Trade Economy Resources See Also vertical restraints...
  98. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
  99. Un Nonproliferation Sanctions United Nations Nonproliferation Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On April 20, 2011, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1977, extending the mandate of the [...]...
  100. Debarment Debarment: Resolution of Export Control Violations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Debarment: Resolution of Export Control Violations: On February 5, 2013, the State Department published in the Federal Register a list of 22 persons subject to statutory [...]...
  101. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
  102. Zimbabwe The Legal History of Zimbabwe This section provides an overview of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On December 9, 2011, OFAC designated two entities pursuant to E.O. 13469, [...]...
  103. Us Executive Order 13551 Executive Order 13551 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Executive Order 13551, signed by President Obama on August 30, 2010, targets North Korea's importation and exportation of arms, [...]...
  104. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
  105. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
  106. Human Rights Violations in Russia Magnitsky Act in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Magnitsky Act: In 2013, the U.S. Government began implementation of the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 ("Magnistky Act"). On April 12, 2013, the State Department submitted [...]...
  107. Office Of Export Control A branch of the Department of Commerce charged with reviewing, approving, or denying validated export licenses.......
  108. Trade Controls In the United States For information about Trade Controls in the context of international trade, click here...
  109. Energy-related Sanctions Energy-related Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 29, 2011, the State Department announced sanctions on Belarusneft, a state-owned Belarusian energy company, under the Iran [...]...
  110. Human Rights Sanctions Human Rights Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In February 2011, OFAC issued the Iranian Human Rights Abuses Sanctions Regulations in 31 C.F.R. Part 562, to implement Executive Order [...]...
  111. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
  112. Us Executive Order 13382 Executive Order 13382 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On August 10, 2011, OFAC designated two entities (Commercial Bank of Syria and Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank) pursuant to E.O. 13382, [...]...
  113. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
  114. Implementation of Un Security Council Resolutions Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 9, 2010, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1929, which imposed [...]...
  115. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
  116. Nonproliferation Agreements Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Effective May 23, 2011, the Department of State imposed sanctions on 14 entities and two individuals under the [...]...
  117. Burma The Legal History of Burma This section provides an overview of Burma Burma in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In December 2011, Secretary Clinton became the first U.S. Secretary of State to visit [...]...
  118. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
  119. Executive Order 13566 Executive Order 13566 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 25, 2011, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13566, "Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions [...]...
  120. Jurisdictions of Primary Money Laundering Concern Designating Iran as a Jurisdiction of Primary Money Laundering Concern In relation to the international law practice and Designating Iran as a Jurisdiction of Primary Money Laundering Concern in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, [...]...

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