Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Export Price Hierarchical Display of Export price Finance > Prices > Market pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Restriction on competition > DumpingTrade > Trade policy > Export policy Export price Concept of Export price See the dictionary definition of Export price. Characteristics of [...]...
2. Dumping Dumping in International Trade Meaning of Dumping, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than the cost of [...]...
3. Export Policy Hierarchical Display of Export policy Trade > Trade policyTrade > Trade > Trading operation > ExportIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial structures > Export industryFinance > Prices > Market prices > Export priceFinance > Taxation > Tax on consumption > [...]...
4. Export Aid Hierarchical Display of Export aid Economics > Economic policy > Economic supportTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export creditTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export refundTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > [...]...
5. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Export (EU) Hierarchical Display of Export (EU) Trade > Trade > Trading operation > ExportTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export refund Export (EU) Concept of Export (EU) See the dictionary definition of Export (EU). Characteristics of Export (EU) [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
7. Export Refund Hierarchical Display of Export refund Trade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financingFinance > Prices > Farm pricesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Common organisation of marketsAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > [...]...
8. Price Formation Hierarchical Display of Price formation Finance > Prices > Prices policyTrade > Trade > Supply and demandFinance > Prices > Market pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Competition Price formation Concept of Price formation See the dictionary [...]...
9. Competition The Legal History of Competition This section provides an overview of Competition Concept of Competition Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of competition, with a description [...]...
10. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
11. Export Tax Hierarchical Display of Export tax Finance > Taxation > Tax on consumptionTrade > Trade > Trading operation > ExportTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export levyTrade > Trade policy > Export policy Export tax Concept of Export tax See the dictionary definition of Export tax. [...]...
12. State Aid Resources See Also Social Security Financing Social Insurance Social Security System...
13. Export Credit Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
14. Export Restriction Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
15. Compensatory Financing Hierarchical Display of Compensatory financing Trade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financingFinance > Monetary relations > Balance of payments Compensatory financing Concept of Compensatory financing See the dictionary definition of Compensatory financing. Characteristics of [...]...
16. Export Licence Hierarchical Display of Export licence Trade > Tariff policy > Customs regulations > Customs documentTrade > Trade policy > Export policy Export licence Concept of Export licence See the dictionary definition of Export licence. Characteristics of Export licence [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
17. Export Industry Hierarchical Display of Export industry Industry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial structuresTrade > Trade policy > Export policy Export industry Concept of Export industry See the dictionary definition of Export industry. Characteristics of Export industry [rtbs [...]...
18. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
19. Nonrecourse Export Financing Read details of Forfaiting.......
20. Remission of Export Duties Hierarchical Display of Remission of export duties Trade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financingTrade > Tariff policy > Tariff policy > Customs drawback Remission of export duties Concept of Remission of export duties See the dictionary definition of Remission of export duties. [...]...
21. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
22. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
23. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
24. Export Levy Hierarchical Display of Export levy Trade > Trade policy > Export policyFinance > Taxation > Tax on consumption > Export tax Export levy Concept of Export levy See the dictionary definition of Export levy. Characteristics of Export levy [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Export [...]...
25. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
26. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
27. World Market Price Hierarchical Display of World market price Finance > Prices > Market pricesTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export refund World market price Concept of World market price See the dictionary definition of World market price. Characteristics of World market price [...]...
28. Compensatory Financing Facility A special lending facility of the International Monetary Fund designed to aid developing nations confronted with temporary payment imbalances. The facility was established in 1963 to provide shortterm financing to nations dependent upon primary products for export income, and where that income had d......
29. Extra-EU Trade Hierarchical Display of Extra-EU trade Trade > Trade policy > Common commercial policyTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export refund Extra-EU trade Concept of Extra-EU trade See the dictionary definition of Extra-EU trade. Characteristics of Extra-EU trade [rtbs [...]...
30. Export Revenue Hierarchical Display of Export revenue Trade > Trade policy > Export policyEuropean Union > European construction > EU relations > Agreement (EU) > Association agreement (EU) > ACP-EU Convention > Lomé Convention > StabexEuropean Union > European construction > EU relations > [...]...
31. Self Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
32. Export Entry Modes Export Entry Modes in International Trade Meaning of Export Entry Modes, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In establishing export channels a company has to decide which functions will be the responsibility of external agents and which will be handled by [...]...
33. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
34. Export Credit Insurance Export Credit Insurance in International Trade Meaning of Export Credit Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Special insurance coverage for exporters to protect against non payment by the importer (coverage may extend to certain other risks, [...]...
35. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
36. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
37. Export Monitoring Hierarchical Display of Export monitoring Trade > Trade policy > Export policyInternational Relations > International security > International security > Non-proliferation of armsInternational Relations > Defence > Arms policy > Arms tradeSocial Questions > Culture and religion > [...]...
38. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
39. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
40. Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
41. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
42. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
43. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
44. Export Credits Arrangement Export Credits Arrangement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Credits Arrangement: Formal title is the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export [...]...
45. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
46. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
47. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
48. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
49. Market Prices Hierarchical Display of Market prices Finance > PricesIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial price > Delivered priceIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Industrial priceFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Price [...]...
50. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
51. Customs Duties Resources See Also Customs Tariff...
52. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
53. Anti-dumping Duty Resources See Also Dumping Act...
54. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
55. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Export Control Laws Export Control Laws and the Laws of International Trade Worldwide export control laws Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Countries covered Extraterritorial application Entity-based sanctions Other export statutes Due diligence under other export statutes [...]...
58. Export Regulations In the United States For information about Export Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
59. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
60. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
61. Export Incentives Export Incentives in International Trade Meaning of Export Incentives, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Assistance provided by governments to enable or assist their suppliers in securing foreign markets. Incentives take may forms. Some, such as assisting [...]...
62. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
63. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Export Customs Procedure Hierarchical Display of Export customs procedure Trade > Tariff policy > EU customs procedure Export customs procedure Concept of Export customs procedure See the dictionary definition of Export customs procedure. Characteristics of Export customs procedure [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
66. Export Restrictions Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports [...]...
67. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
68. Common Organisation of Markets Hierarchical Display of Common organisation of markets Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policyTrade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Market interventionEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Intervention policyTrade > Trade [...]...
69. EAGGF Guarantee Section Hierarchical Display of EAGGF Guarantee Section European Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrument > Fund (EU) > EAGGFEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrument > Trade policy > Market stabilisationEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > [...]...
70. Financing Support Financing Support and International Trade Resources See Also export credits...
71. Export of Capital Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
72. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
73. Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
74. Free Price Hierarchical Display of Free price Finance > Prices > Prices policy > Fixing of pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > CompetitionBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Free competition Free price Concept of Free price See the [...]...
75. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
76. Export-Led Growth Export-Led Growth and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-Led Growth: A macroeconomic strategy focusing on expansion of the export sector --such as through export subsidies or competitive [...]...
77. Horizontal Agreement Hierarchical Display of Horizontal agreement Business And Competition > Competition > Restrictive trade practiceTrade > Marketing > Commercial transaction > SaleFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Fixing of pricesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural structures and [...]...
78. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
79. Anti-dumping Legislation Hierarchical Display of Anti-dumping legislation Business And Competition > Competition > Competition lawBusiness And Competition > Competition > Restriction on competition > Dumping Anti-dumping legislation Concept of Anti-dumping legislation See the dictionary definition of Anti-dumping [...]...
80. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
81. Free Competition Hierarchical Display of Free competition Business And Competition > Competition > Competition policyFinance > Prices > Prices policy > Fixing of prices > Free price Free competition Concept of Free competition See the dictionary definition of Free competition. Characteristics of Free [...]...
82. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
83. Economic Development Financing Literature Review on Economic Development Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development Financing: Economic development is a policy priority for most local, regional, and [...]...
84. Social Dumping Social Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Social Dumping: An unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its rivals in foreign markets [...]...
85. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
86. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
87. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
88. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
89. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
90. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
91. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
92. Voluntary Restraint Agreement Voluntary Restraint Agreement (VRA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Voluntary Restraint Agreement (VRA): An arrangement by which an exporting country takes steps [...]...
93. Export Compliance Export Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Enforcement: Compliance and investigations Export Administration System Penalties Effects of cooperation with the government Examples of enforcement actions Judicial review Some guidelines for export compliance [...]...
94. Export License Export License in International Trade Meaning of Export License, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document granting the licensee the right to export a specific quantity of a commodity to a specified country. This license may be require in a [...]...
95. EU Financing Hierarchical Display of EU financing European Union > EU financeEconomics > Economic policy > Economic support > EU aidEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financial instrument > Support mechanismFinance > Financing and investment > Financing > Co-financing EU financing [...]...
96. EU Financing Arrangements Hierarchical Display of EU financing arrangements European Union > EU finance > EU financingInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > Aid policy > Aid systemFinance > Financing and investment > Financing > Financing policy > Financing method EU financing arrangements Concept of EU [...]...
97. Export Jobber A company that purchases and exports merchandise only against a firm order from abroad. Typically the jobber does not take physical possession of the goods.......
98. Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
99. Export Broker Export Broker in International Trade Meaning of Export Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions....
100. Re-export Hierarchical Display of Re-export Trade > Trade > Trading operation > ExportTrade > Tariff policy > EU customs procedure > Customs procedure suspending duties > Temporary admissionTrade > Tariff policy > EU customs procedure > Customs procedure suspending duties > Inward processing [...]...
101. Restriction on Competition Hierarchical Display of Restriction on competition Law > Sources and branches of the law > Source of law > Law > Sources and branches of the law > Source of law > Prices > Discriminatory priceLaw > Sources and branches of the law > Source of law > Consumer > Consumer [...]...
102. Customs Drawback Hierarchical Display of Customs drawback Trade > Tariff policy > Tariff policyTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Remission of export duties Customs drawback Concept of Customs drawback See the dictionary definition of Customs drawback. Characteristics of Customs [...]...
103. Farm Prices Hierarchical Display of Farm prices Finance > PricesAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policyAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Agricultural policyFinance > Prices > Market prices > Price of agricultural [...]...
104. Cartel Summary of Cartel An alliance among firms in the same line of business aimed at controlling or dominating their field on an international basis.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Definition of Cartel In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Cartel : [...]...
105. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
106. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
107. Saint Barthélemy Hierarchical Display of Saint Barthélemy Geography > Overseas countries and territories > French overseas collectivity Concept of Saint Barthélemy See the dictionary definition of Saint Barthélemy. Characteristics of Saint Barthélemy [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Saint [...]...
108. Export Earnings Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
109. Export Insurance Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
110. Export Planning Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
111. Export Volume Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
112. Financing Method Hierarchical Display of Financing method Finance > Financing and investment > Financing > Financing policyEuropean Union > EU finance > EU financing > EU financing arrangements Financing method Concept of Financing method See the dictionary definition of Financing method. Characteristics [...]...
113. Fixing of Prices Hierarchical Display of Fixing of prices Finance > Prices > Prices policyBusiness And Competition > Competition > Restrictive trade practice > Horizontal agreement Fixing of prices Concept of Fixing of prices See the dictionary definition of Fixing of prices. Characteristics of Fixing of [...]...
114. Industrial Financing Hierarchical Display of Industrial financing Industry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policyFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit policyFinance > Financing and investment > Financing > Financing policy Industrial financing Concept of Industrial financing [...]...
115. Production Refund Hierarchical Display of Production refund Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural structures and production > Agricultural production policyTrade > Trade policy > Export policy > Export financing > Export refund Production refund Concept of Production refund See the dictionary [...]...
116. Financing Plan Hierarchical Display of Financing plan Finance > Financing and investment > Financing > Financing policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic planning Financing plan Concept of Financing plan See the dictionary definition of Financing plan. Characteristics of Financing plan [rtbs [...]...
117. Trade Restriction Hierarchical Display of Trade restriction Trade > International tradeBusiness And Competition > Competition > Restriction on competitionEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > ProtectionismInternational Relations > International affairs > International affairs > Economic [...]...
118. Financing of Aid Hierarchical Display of Financing of aid International Relations > Cooperation policy > Aid policy > Aid systemFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Financial institution > Bank > Development bankFinance > Financing and investment > Financing Financing of aid Concept of [...]...
119. Export-performance Measure Export-performance Measure in International Trade Meaning of Export-performance Measure, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported....
120. Financing Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financing in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...