Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Nonproliferation Export Controls In the United States For information about Nonproliferation export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
5. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
6. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
8. National Export Initiative In the United States For information about National Export Initiative in the context of international trade, click here...
9. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
10. Software Export Controls In the United States For information about Software export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Adhesion Contract Definition of Adhesion Contract in International Trade The following is a concept of Adhesion Contract in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Contract with standard, often printed terms of sale of goods or services offered to [...]...
12. Avoidance of Contract Definition of Avoidance of Contract in International Trade The following is a concept of Avoidance of Contract in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The legal cancellation of a contract because an event occurs that makes [...]...
13. Defense Export Control In the United States For information about Defense Export Control in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Liquidated Damages In the United States For information about Liquidated damages in the context of international trade, click here Liquidated Damages in International Trade Meaning of Liquidated Damages, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sum of money that a contracting [...]...
15. International Arrangement on Export Credits International Arrangement on Export Credits in International Trade Meaning of International Arrangement on Export Credits, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement among the members of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) [...]...
16. Countertrade A commercial arrangement in which the buyer pays for his purchases, wholly or partly, with something other than money. Very often countertrade deals include some cash, but a significant portion of the transaction is settled with commodities or services. Countertrade has been employed heavily [...]...
17. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
18. Entrepot A warehouse or storage facility where foreign merchandise may be deposited and withdrawn for re-export without incurring customs duties.......
19. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
20. Contract Theories In the United States For information about Contract theories in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Export Platforms Export Platforms and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Platforms: Refers to countries such as Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea that established incentive programs [...]...
22. Extensions of Credit In the United States For information about Extensions of credit in the context of international trade, click here...
23. Export Restrictions Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports [...]...
24. COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls): A working group of 16 [...]...
25. Ex Works Ex Works in International Trade Meaning of EXW (Ex Works), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms EXW the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his premises (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, et.) to the [...]...
26. Piggyback Distribution Piggyback Distribution in International Trade Meaning of Piggyback Distribution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Piggyback is a form of distribution in foreign markets in which a SME company (the "rider"), deals with a larger company (the [...]...
27. Confirming Confirming in International Trade Meaning of Confirming, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A financial service in which an independent company confirms an export order in the seller's country and makes payment for the goods in the currency of that [...]...
28. Confirming House A commercial institution engaged in nonrecourse financing of foreign trade. The confirming house may confirm a foreign buyer's order, acting as guarantor of payment to the seller; in some cases, the confirming house may actually take title to the goods as agent for the foreign purchaser, [...]...
29. Export Control Act An act of Congress passed in 1949 requiring that all commercial exports from the United States be licensed. Authority was granted to the president to devise specific regulations to control exports; this authority has been delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. The regulations subsequently [...]...
30. Foreign Boycotts In the United States For information about Foreign boycotts in the context of international trade, click here...
31. Importer In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
33. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
34. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
35. Equity Joint Venture Equity Joint Venture (EJV) in International Trade Meaning of Equity Joint Venture (EJV), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of joint venture in which two or more parties set up a separate legal company to act as the vehicle for carrying out the [...]...
36. Import Import in International Trade Meaning of Import, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): 1. To receive goods and services from abroad. 2. An imported item. Cultural Property: Import Restrictions In relation to the international law practice and cultural [...]...
37. Trade Finance Trade Finance in International Trade Meaning of Trade Finance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This is the way in which an exporter requires an importer to prepay for goods ship. The importer wants to reduce risks by asking the exporter to document that [...]...
38. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
39. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
40. Restitution Restitution in International Trade Meaning of Restitution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In law, remedy for a breach of contract by which the parties are restored to their original positions before the contract was made or the breach occurred. Damages [...]...
41. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
42. Expatriate Contract Expatriate Contract in International Trade Meaning of Expatriate Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Changes in the world economy have made most of the jobs for executives and managers focus on the so-called emerging countries (China, India, [...]...
43. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
44. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
45. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
46. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
47. Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
48. Export Credit Insurance Export Credit Insurance in International Trade Meaning of Export Credit Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Special insurance coverage for exporters to protect against non payment by the importer (coverage may extend to certain other risks, [...]...
49. Export Entry Modes Export Entry Modes in International Trade Meaning of Export Entry Modes, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In establishing export channels a company has to decide which functions will be the responsibility of external agents and which will be handled by [...]...
50. Export License Export License in International Trade Meaning of Export License, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document granting the licensee the right to export a specific quantity of a commodity to a specified country. This license may be require in a [...]...
51. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
52. Export Marks Export Marks in International Trade Meaning of Export Marks, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Words or symbols placed on the outside of a export packed goods to indicate the shipment's destination. Typical marks for vessel shipments include the [...]...
53. Export Packing Export Packing in International Trade Meaning of Export Packing, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The preparation of goods for international shipping. The degree of export packing required greatly depends on the kind of product, the mode of [...]...
54. Export-performance Measure Export-performance Measure in International Trade Meaning of Export-performance Measure, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported....
55. Exclusive Patronage Contract Also known as a merchant's contract or shipper's rate agreement, an agreement whereby a shipper of goods by water agrees to ship all his cargo over a given trade route aboard carriers that are member lines of the steamship CONFERENCE (read th......
56. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
57. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
58. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
59. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
60. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
61. Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
62. Export Control Laws Export Control Laws and the Laws of International Trade Worldwide export control laws Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Countries covered Extraterritorial application Entity-based sanctions Other export statutes Due diligence under other export statutes [...]...
63. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
66. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
68. Export Regulations In the United States For information about Export Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
69. Export Broker Export Broker in International Trade Meaning of Export Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions....
70. Export Declaration Export Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Export Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document declaring designated goods to be shipped out of the country. This document should be completed by the exporter and filed with [...]...
71. Export Incentives Export Incentives in International Trade Meaning of Export Incentives, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Assistance provided by governments to enable or assist their suppliers in securing foreign markets. Incentives take may forms. Some, such as assisting [...]...
72. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
73. Export Earnings Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
74. Export Insurance Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
75. Export Planning Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
76. Export Volume Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
77. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
78. Capacity to Contract Capacity to Contract • Barriers to Contract--you either have the right to contract or not ? Analogous to Civil Procedure: either have standing or not. ? Constitutional Law: citizenship barriers. Graded (resident aliens, etc..), but sets up right to 'enter' legal system vs. not. [...]...
79. Export Bar A bar of pure gold, used principally in settling balances between central banks or other official financial institutions.......
80. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...
81. Turnkey Contract Turnkey Contract and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Turnkey Contract: An arrangement under which a contractor assumes responsibility to a client for constructing productive installations and [...]...
82. Business Cooperation Contract Business Cooperation Contract (BCC) in International Trade Meaning of Business Cooperation Contract (BCC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement by two companies to work together for mutual benefit, but without a long-term binding contract. Either [...]...
83. Carriage Contract Carriage Contract in International Trade Meaning of Carriage Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement between a carrier and another party for transportation. The other party will normally be the seller (or seller's agent) with freight [...]...
84. Consignment Contract Consignment Contract in International Trade Meaning of Consignment Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which a seller (consignor) delivers goods to an individual or entity (consignee) that will sell them. For goods sold, the consignee [...]...
85. Contract Guarantee Contract Guarantee in International Trade Meaning of Contract Guarantee, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement by a third party to be responsible for the performance of a contracting party. There are three major types of contract guarantee: tender [...]...
86. Contract Manufacturing Contract Manufacturing in International Trade Meaning of Contract Manufacturing, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Contract manufacturing in international markets is used in situations when one company arranges for another company in a different country to [...]...
87. Future Contract Future Contract in International Trade Meaning of Future Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future of delivery of a commodity, currency or security on a specific date. Currency future contracts are for standard quantities over [...]...
88. Import Contract Import Contract in International Trade Meaning of Import Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The import contract is suitable when a company is buying goods from abroad by way of import in the course of a business to business transaction. The [...]...
89. International Sales Contract International Sales Contract in International Trade Meaning of International Sales Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement between a seller and a buyer for the sale of goods. The contract should, at a minimum, identify the seller and [...]...
90. Supply Contract Supply Contract in International Trade Meaning of Supply Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement by which a seller promises to supply all of the specified goods or services that a buyer needs over a certain time and at a fixed price, and [...]...
91. Unenforceable Contract Unenforceable Contract in International Trade Meaning of Unenforceable Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract that is valid, but which the court will not enforce because of some defect such as nondisclosure, an extraordinary event or other [...]...
92. Voidable Contract Voidable Contract in International Trade Meaning of Voidable Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract that is valid but that can be declared invalid at the request of one of the parties because of a defect or illegality in making it. For [...]...
93. Elements of an Enforceable Contract Elements of an Enforceable Contract: Summary In this entry, Elements of an Enforceable Contract covers: Offer Acceptance Silence as Acceptance Battle of the Forms Defects in Mutual Acceptance Consideration...
94. Enforceable Contract Elements of an Enforceable Contract: Main Elements The coverage of Elements of an Enforceable Contract includes the following main elements: Offer For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. Acceptance Please, refer to the appropiate entry related to the [...]...
95. Export Jobber A company that purchases and exports merchandise only against a firm order from abroad. Typically the jobber does not take physical possession of the goods.......
96. Export Merchant A firm that purchases goods from various domestic manufacturers, ships them abroad, and markets through other middlemen or their own organization. The export merchant tends to specialize in a given product category.......
97. Export Privileges The opportunity afforded by the U.S. government to engage in export transactions. The Export Control Act and its successor Export Administration Act have provided that all exports are under authority of license (including the general license requiring no prior approval); hence, exporting is a privil......
98. Export Quota Agreement An arrangement arising under an international commodity agreement whereby each participating exporting nation is allocated a portion of the market. Participating importing nations agree to limit imports from nonmember nations. The object of the system is to maintain price stability, thus [...]...
99. Export Tariff A tax or duty levied by a governmental authority upon the exportation of a product. Such taxes upon exports have been abolished by all major trading nations but are still retained by some developing nations, particularly on exports of mineral or agricultural commodities, as a source of state revenu......
100. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
101. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
102. Export Compliance Export Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Enforcement: Compliance and investigations Export Administration System Penalties Effects of cooperation with the government Examples of enforcement actions Judicial review Some guidelines for export compliance [...]...
103. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
104. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
105. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
106. Export-Led Growth Export-Led Growth and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-Led Growth: A macroeconomic strategy focusing on expansion of the export sector --such as through export subsidies or competitive [...]...
107. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
108. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
109. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
110. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
111. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
112. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
113. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
114. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
115. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
116. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
117. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
118. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
119. Uniform Rules for Contract Guarantees Uniform Rules For Contract Guarantees (URCG) in International Trade Meaning of Uniform Rules For Contract Guarantees (urcg), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has established a set of contractual rules that may [...]...
120. Export Control Reform Export Control Reform in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Export Control Reform: On April 16, 2013, the Department of State announced that the U.S. Government had issued the first in a series of new rules regarding the export of munitions and commercial [...]...