Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...
2. Future Contract Future Contract in International Trade Meaning of Future Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future of delivery of a commodity, currency or security on a specific date. Currency future contracts are for standard quantities over [...]...
3. European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
4. Forward Exchange Option Forward Exchange Option in International Trade Meaning of Forward Exchange Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contractually agreed right to buy (put) or to sell (call) a specific amount of one currency for a specified amount of another [...]...
5. Exchange Risk Exchange Risk in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility of receiving less or paying more money because a receivable or a payable is denominated in a foreign currency. Countries with shortages of [...]...
6. Loading Summary of Loading A risk premium in addition to interest charges and acceptance fees deducted by a bank or discount house from the face value of a bill of exchange (read here for further details) presented for discounting. This additional margin will vary, depending upon the quality of the [...]...
7. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
8. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
9. Spot Exchange Spot Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purchase and sale of foreign exchange for delivery and payment at the time of the transaction....
10. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
11. American Option Definition of American Option in International Trade The following is a concept of American Option in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the effect that it can be [...]...
12. Entrepot A warehouse or storage facility where foreign merchandise may be deposited and withdrawn for re-export without incurring customs duties.......
13. Currency Future Currency Future in International Trade Meaning of Currency Future, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future delivery of a commodity, currency, or security on a specific date. In contrast to forward contracts, future contracts are for [...]...
14. Fixing Fixing in International Trade Meaning of Fixing, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In foreign exchange, establishing of the official exchange rate of a domestic currency against other negotiable currencies....
15. Grid Grid in International Trade Meaning of Grid, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In foreign exchange, fixed margin within which exchange rates are not allowed to fluctuate....
16. Export Declaration Export Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Export Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document declaring designated goods to be shipped out of the country. This document should be completed by the exporter and filed with [...]...
17. Outright Outright in International Trade Meaning of Outright, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In foreign exchange, a forward purchase or sale of currency which is not offset by a corresponding spot transaction. i.e. which has not been contracted through swaps. [...]...
18. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
19. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
20. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Unenforceable Contract Unenforceable Contract in International Trade Meaning of Unenforceable Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract that is valid, but which the court will not enforce because of some defect such as nondisclosure, an extraordinary event or other [...]...
22. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
23. Integrated Contract Integrated Contract in International Trade Meaning of Integrated Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract that states every provision to which the parties intend to agree. Parol evidence cannot be used to change or supplement the provisions [...]...
24. Clean Bill of Exchange Any bill of exchange (read here for further details) not accompanied by documents, such as invoices, bills of lading, et cetera. See direct collection.......
25. Voidable Contract Voidable Contract in International Trade Meaning of Voidable Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract that is valid but that can be declared invalid at the request of one of the parties because of a defect or illegality in making it. For [...]...
26. Floating Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Floating Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A rate of exchange that is determined by market forces. See also clean float and dirty float. Concept of Floating Exchange Rate An [...]...
27. Brokerage Agreement Brokerage Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Brokerage Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type or contract, whereby a person or company acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to [...]...
28. Discount Discount in International Trade Meaning of Discount, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A deduction from an amount due to given consideration of such circumstances as prompt or early payment or an order of unusually large quantity. Selling a receivable or [...]...
29. Import Contract Import Contract in International Trade Meaning of Import Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The import contract is suitable when a company is buying goods from abroad by way of import in the course of a business to business transaction. The [...]...
30. Leverage Leverage in International Trade Meaning of Leverage, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In foreign exchange (options), this term expresses the disproportionately large change in the premium in terms of the relative price movement of the underlying instrument....
31. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
32. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
33. Business Cooperation Contract Business Cooperation Contract (BCC) in International Trade Meaning of Business Cooperation Contract (BCC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement by two companies to work together for mutual benefit, but without a long-term binding contract. Either [...]...
34. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
35. Open-end Contract Open-end Contract in International Trade Meaning of Open-end Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which the buyer may purchase the seller's goods at any time within a specified period without changes in the price or other contract terms....
36. Freight Summary of Freight The earnings that a carrier derives from the carriage of merchandise. Freight should not be confused with cargo, which is the merchandise itself. Also, the term freight is used to represent payment made by a charterer to the vessel's owner for use of a ship under a [...]...
37. Import Substitution Summary of Import Substitution The act of eliminating imports of a given product by commencing production locally, often accompanied by controls such as increased duties, quotas, or outright bans to discourage or prevent continued foreign imports. This approach is fairly common on the part [...]...
38. Drawing Drawing in E.U. Patent SystemOne or more specially-prepared figures filed as a part of a patent application to explain and describe the invention. Drawings (or illustrations, where appropriate) are more commonly found with inventions for mechanical or electrical devices. As a rule, chemical [...]...
39. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
40. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
41. Currency Option Currency Option in International Trade Meaning of Currency Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The contractually agreed right to buy (call option) or to sell (put option) a specific amount of foreign currency at a predetermined price on a specific [...]...
42. Offer Summary of Offer In vessel charter transactions, synonymous with Firm Offer (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) Best and Final Offer (BFO) in International Trade Meaning of Best and Final Offer (bfo), according to the [...]...
43. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
44. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
45. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
46. Exhibit Exhibit in Canadian Procedural Law Find materials in the Canadian legal Encyclopedia that anlyze Exhibit....
47. Severability Clause Severability Clause in International Trade Meaning of Severability Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract term that provides that each provision of the contract is independent of all of the others so that if a court invalidates any of the [...]...
48. Assignee Spanish Translation of assignee This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to assignee and / or a definition of this topic: Causa Habiente (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Assignee in E.U. Patent System The person(s) or corporate body to whom all [...]...
49. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
50. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
51. International Contracts International Contracts in International Trade Meaning of International Contracts, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): International contracts refers to a legally binding agreement between parties, based in different countries, in which they are obligated to [...]...
52. Original Equipment Manufacturing Original Equipment Manufacturing in International Trade Meaning of OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Type of contract whose purpose is to offer a guarantee to foreign companies subcontracting their manufacturing in [...]...
53. Sales Agent Sales Agent in International Trade Meaning of Sales Agent, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person or a company that acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to potential buyers in the external [...]...
54. Schedule Schedule in International Trade Meaning of Schedule, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An attachment to a particular contract that forms a material part of the contract. Also called annex or exhibit....
55. Spot Exchange Rate Spot Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency at a given moment in time....
56. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Piggyback Distribution Piggyback Distribution in International Trade Meaning of Piggyback Distribution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Piggyback is a form of distribution in foreign markets in which a SME company (the "rider"), deals with a larger company (the [...]...
58. Pre-shipment Inspection Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI) in International Trade Meaning of Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An inspection of contract goods prior to shipment so as to ascertain their quality, quantity or price. Importers may insist on [...]...
59. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
60. Intracen Intracen in International Trade Meaning of Intracen, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The International Trade Center is a Geneva based organization that belongs to the United Nations and provides a wide range of technical assistance to developing [...]...
61. Trade Acceptance Summary of Trade Acceptance Cross-reference: Acceptance.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Trade Acceptance in International Trade Meaning of Trade Acceptance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bill of exchange drawn by the exporter/seller on [...]...
62. Import Import in International Trade Meaning of Import, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): 1. To receive goods and services from abroad. 2. An imported item. Cultural Property: Import Restrictions In relation to the international law practice and cultural [...]...
63. Commission Sales Agreement Commission Sales Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Commission Sales Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type or contract, whereby a person or company acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its [...]...
64. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Liquidated Damages In the United States For information about Liquidated damages in the context of international trade, click here Liquidated Damages in International Trade Meaning of Liquidated Damages, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sum of money that a contracting [...]...
66. Patent Fraud In the United States For information about Patent Fraud in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Born Global Born Global in International Trade Meaning of Born Global, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Born global is a type of company that from the beginning of its activities pursues a vision of becoming global and globalizes rapidly without any preceding long [...]...
68. Consignment Contract Consignment Contract in International Trade Meaning of Consignment Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract by which a seller (consignor) delivers goods to an individual or entity (consignee) that will sell them. For goods sold, the consignee [...]...
69. Contract Guarantee Contract Guarantee in International Trade Meaning of Contract Guarantee, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement by a third party to be responsible for the performance of a contracting party. There are three major types of contract guarantee: tender [...]...
70. Legal Entity Legal Entity in International Trade Meaning of Legal Entity, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): And individual, proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, or other organization that has, in the eyes of the law, the capacity to make a contract or [...]...
71. Trade Fair Trade Fair in International Trade Meaning of Trade Fair, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A stage-setting event in which firms of several nationalities present their products or services to prospective clients in a pre-formatted setting, usually a booth [...]...
72. Trade Finance Trade Finance in International Trade Meaning of Trade Finance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This is the way in which an exporter requires an importer to prepay for goods ship. The importer wants to reduce risks by asking the exporter to document that [...]...
73. Websites International Trade Websites Meaning of International Trade Websites, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Internet is the main tool to obtain information on foreign markets. There is a huge amount of information online including: international trade [...]...
74. End Date End Date in International Trade Meaning of End Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date a contract ends....
75. Filing Date Filing Date in E.U. Patent SystemThe date when the application reaches the patent office in complete form....
76. Expiration Date Expiration Date in International Trade Meaning of Expiration Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the final date the seller (beneficiary of the credit) may present documents and draw a draft under the terms of the [...]...
77. Maturity Date Maturity Date in International Trade Meaning of Maturity Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date an obligation becomes due. In bank collections, the due date of an accepted draft....
78. Presentation Date Presentation Date in International Trade Meaning of Presentation Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date on which compliant documents were given to the issuing bank or any other institution permitted under a letter of credit....
79. Settlement Date Settlement Date in International Trade Meaning of Settlement Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In banking, the date on which payment for a transaction must be made....
80. Shipment Date Shipment Date in International Trade Meaning of Shipment Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date a shipment takes place, which is usually the date of the relevant transport document. For banking purposes, with shipments by vessel for which [...]...
81. Due Date The date on which a note, draft, bill of exchange, or similar instrument matures, i.e., becomes payable.......
82. Value Date The day on which foreign exchange will be delivered and paid for, usually two business days following the transaction.......
83. After Date Definition of After Date in International Trade The following is a concept of After Date in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In banking, a notation used on financial instruments (such as drafts or bill of exchange) to fix [...]...
84. Breach Date A doctrine in law that holds that, in disputes involving sums denominated in a foreign currency, a court shall require settlement in local currency at the rate of exchange in effect at the time the contract was abrogated.......
85. Canceling Date The date specified in a charter party by which the vessel must be ready to load; if the vessel is not ready at the specified time, the charterer may exercise his option of rescinding the agreement.......
86. Date For Value Determination The date on which imported merchandise was exported from its country of origin. The value of the merchandise in effect on that date will be applied in applying duties.......
87. Fixed Date Spanish Translation of on the fixed dateThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to on the fixed date and / or a definition of this topic: Fecha Fija (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
88. Date Draft Date Draft in International Trade Meaning of Date Draft, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A draft that matures for a specified number of days after issuance, without regard to the date of acceptance....
89. Issue Date Issue Date in International Trade Meaning of Issue Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date a letter of credit was opened, or the date an amendment was issued....
90. Start Date Start Date in International Trade Meaning of Start Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date when a contract begins and the supplier must start providing the contracted goods or services....
91. Critical Date Embracing mainstream international law, this section on critical date explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "critical date" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
92. Anniversary Date Description of Anniversary Date In this reference work, anniversary date is a sort of the Insurance category. Resources See Also Policy Year Insurance...
93. Long Date Forward Long Date Forward in International Trade Meaning of Long Date Forward, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A forward exchange contract whose maturity exceeds one year. See also forward exchange contract....
94. Date Drafted and Published Date in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This refers to the date the constitution was originally written....
95. Closing Date The latest date for delivery of cargo to a vessel for a particular voyage.......
96. Acceptance Date Definition of Acceptance Date in International Trade The following is a concept of Acceptance Date in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date on which a draft was signed. For drafts drawn at "X days from [...]...
97. Alternate Valuation Date Description of Alternate Valuation Date In this reference work, alternate valuation date is a sort of the Tax category. Resources See Also Basis Cases Internal Revenue Taxation Tax...
98. Examination Preliminary Examination in E.U. Patent System The initial study of an application by an official in the patent office to check that the specification is properly arranged and for preparing search reports. Examination in Chief in Canadian Procedural Law Examination in Chief and related [...]...
99. Duty A tax imposed by governmental authority on goods imported. The amount of the duty imposed on any given article is prescribed in the nation's [...]...
100. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
101. Excise Tax Taxes, also commonly known as internal revenue taxes, imposed by the United States on certain classes of manufactures and services and on the performance of some transactions. Unlike customs duties, which are applied to imports only, excise taxes are applied equally to imports and domestic [...]...
102. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
103. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
104. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
105. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
106. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
107. Paris Convention Known formally as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, an international agreement formulated to protect rights to industrial property including inventions, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and appellations of origin. The substantive provisions of the convention [...]...
108. Patent Summary of Patent A grant issued by a governmental authority to an inventor permitting, for a fixed number of years, an exclusive right to the invention. The grant includes the prerogative of preventing others from making, using, or selling the invention covered. Through various [...]...
109. Execution Introduction to Execution Execution, putting an individual to death as a legal penalty for a crime or for political or religious reasons. Sometimes, executions have been carried out by self-appointed commissions or mobs, without due process of law." (1) Resources Notes and Re......
110. Exclusive Distribution Spanish Translation of exclusive distributionThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exclusive distribution and / or a definition of this topic: Distribución Exclusiva (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
111. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
112. Examiner Examiner in E.U. Patent SystemA patent office official who is appointed to determine the patentability of applications....
113. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
114. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
115. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
116. Ex Ante Ex Ante, ex Post in International Trade Meaning of Ex Ante, ex Post, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Before and after a commercial measure is applied to protect the internal market....
117. Ex Cellar Ex Cellar in International Trade Meaning of Ex Cellar, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non standard trade term used in the trade of wines and liquors. It must be replaced by EXW Ex Works. Practical Guide to Incoterms....
118. Ex Factory Ex Factory in International Trade Meaning of Ex Factory, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non standard trade term that must be replaced by EXW Ex Works. Practical Guide to Incoterms....
119. Ex Works Ex Works in International Trade Meaning of EXW (Ex Works), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms EXW the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his premises (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, et.) to the [...]...
120. Exchange Rate Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another, i.e., the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency. [...]...