Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
4. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
5. Extensions of Credit In the United States For information about Extensions of credit in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
9. Export Control Laws Export Control Laws and the Laws of International Trade Worldwide export control laws Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Countries covered Extraterritorial application Entity-based sanctions Other export statutes Due diligence under other export statutes [...]...
10. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Excise Tax Taxes, also commonly known as internal revenue taxes, imposed by the United States on certain classes of manufactures and services and on the performance of some transactions. Unlike customs duties, which are applied to imports only, excise taxes are applied equally to imports and domestic [...]...
12. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
14. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
15. Banking Institutions In the United States For information about Banking institutions in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
17. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
18. Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
19. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
20. Export Control Restrictions United States Executive Order 13224 Designations In relation to the international law practice and Executive Order 13224 Designations in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
21. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Managing Director Managing Director in International Trade Meaning of Managing Director, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A managing director is someone who is responsible for the daily operations of a company, organization, or corporate division. In some countries, the [...]...
23. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
24. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
25. Nonproliferation Export Controls In the United States For information about Nonproliferation export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
26. Software Export Controls In the United States For information about Software export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
27. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
28. National Export Initiative In the United States For information about National Export Initiative in the context of international trade, click here...
29. Export License Export License in International Trade Meaning of Export License, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document granting the licensee the right to export a specific quantity of a commodity to a specified country. This license may be require in a [...]...
30. Trade Controls In the United States For information about Trade Controls in the context of international trade, click here...
31. Executive Order Spanish Translation of regulation and executive order This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to regulation or executive order and / or a definition of this topic: Decreto-Legislativo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Concept of Executive Order [...]...
32. Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
33. Director CEO in Business Meaning of CEO, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking manager in a corporation. He or she is in charge of growth, financial operations, and goal setting for an organization. This [...]...
34. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
35. Executive Branch Introduction to Executive BranchExecutive Branch, the branch of the United States government devoted to administering and enforcing the country's laws. The country's laws are written by the legislative branch (Congress), approved by the president of the United States, and subject to......
36. International Export Sanctions Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 In relation to the international law practice and Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
37. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
38. Information Exports In the United States For information about Information exports in the context of international trade, click here...
39. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
40. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
41. Export Restrictions Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports [...]...
42. Exports In the United States For information about Exports in the context of international trade, click here...
43. Executive Order 13224 Designations Executive Order 13224 Designations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 23, 2011, OFAC designated one Iranian individual (Behnam Shahriyari) and one Iranian company (Behnam Shahriyari Trading [...]...
44. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
45. Export Jobber A company that purchases and exports merchandise only against a firm order from abroad. Typically the jobber does not take physical possession of the goods.......
46. Export-Led Growth Export-Led Growth and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-Led Growth: A macroeconomic strategy focusing on expansion of the export sector --such as through export subsidies or competitive [...]...
47. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
48. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
49. Trading Company A firm engaged in the purchase, distribution, and marketing of products in international trade. Generally, the trading company deals with products of unrelated firms as well as the manufacturers of joint ventures in which it is involved.......
50. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
51. Deemed Exports In the United States For information about Deemed exports in the context of international trade, click here...
52. Exchange Risk Exchange Risk in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility of receiving less or paying more money because a receivable or a payable is denominated in a foreign currency. Countries with shortages of [...]...
53. Export Control Violations Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations: On August 9, 2013, the State Department announced that it had entered into a consent agreement with Aeroflex Incorporated [...]...
54. Exclusive Fisheries Zone Exclusive Fisheries (fishery) Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on exclusive fisheries (fishery) zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "exclusive fisheries (fishery) zone" in the [...]...
55. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
56. Reversal of Enforcement Policy In the United States For information about Reversal of enforcement policy in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Defense In the United States For information about Defense in the context of international trade, click here Overlap with export administration regulations in some Countries Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Resources See Also Defense Resources See Also Further Reading Information about [...]...
58. Exports Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Exports Regulation in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from Ancient Times to the Present (Cynthia Clark Northrup)...
59. Export Broker Export Broker in International Trade Meaning of Export Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions....
60. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
61. Export Earnings Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
62. Commerce Control In the United States For information about Commerce control in the context of international trade, click here...
63. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
64. Public Companies Public Companies In the United States, public companies are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of ... Read more...
65. Executive Privilege Concept of Executive Privilege Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Presidency Executive Power...
66. Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions: On June 21, 2013, the State Department determined that lifting sanctions on five Chinese entities, imposed on [...]...
67. Countertrade A commercial arrangement in which the buyer pays for his purchases, wholly or partly, with something other than money. Very often countertrade deals include some cash, but a significant portion of the transaction is settled with commodities or services. Countertrade has been employed heavily [...]...
68. Defense Export Control In the United States For information about Defense Export Control in the context of international trade, click here...
69. Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act A 1982 act of Congress, constituting Title IV of the export trading company act (read this and related legal terms for further details), which amends the Sherman Act and Federal Trade Commission Act to clarify their inap......
70. Exchange of Notes Exchange of Letters/Notes and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Exchange of Letters/Notes provided by the European Union Commission: States may express their consent to be bound by an "exchange of letters/notes". The basic characteristic of this procedure is that the [...]...
71. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
72. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
73. End-users In the United States For information about End-users in the context of international trade, click here...
74. Trade Authorization In the United States For information about Trade authorization in the context of international trade, click here...
75. Brokerage Agreement Brokerage Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Brokerage Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type or contract, whereby a person or company acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to [...]...
76. Piggyback Distribution Piggyback Distribution in International Trade Meaning of Piggyback Distribution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Piggyback is a form of distribution in foreign markets in which a SME company (the "rider"), deals with a larger company (the [...]...
77. Sales Agent Sales Agent in International Trade Meaning of Sales Agent, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person or a company that acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to potential buyers in the external [...]...
78. Executive Order 13590 Executive Order 13590 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 19, 2011, President Obama signed Executive Order 13590, "Authorizing the Imposition of Certain Sanctions With Respect to the [...]...
79. Export Incentives Export Incentives in International Trade Meaning of Export Incentives, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Assistance provided by governments to enable or assist their suppliers in securing foreign markets. Incentives take may forms. Some, such as assisting [...]...
80. Electricité De Beyrouth Company Electricité de Beyrouth Company Embracing mainstream international law, this section on electricité de beyrouth company explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "electricité de beyrouth company" in the Parry [...]...
81. Agreement Relating to the "INTELSAT" Contents Agreement Relating to the “INTELSAT” Entered into force: 12 Feb 1973 Preamble The States Parties to this Agreement, Considering ... Read more...
82. Expert Witnesses Follow that with a search of (a) expert directories, (b) news, (c)judicial opinions and (d) case filings in the relevant ... Read more...
83. Exclusive Economic Zone 2 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 61 Conservation of the living resources 1. The coastal State shall determine the allowable ... Read more...
84. Exclusive Economic Zone 3 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 65 Marine mammals Nothing in this Part restricts the right of a coastal State ... Read more...
85. Exclusive Economic Zone 4 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 70 Right of geographically disadvantaged States 1. Geographically disadvantaged States shall have the right ... Read more...
86. Exchange Contents Exchange Exchange Definition Exchange, in commerce, generally, may be defined as a central office or place of business, such ... Read more...
87. Excess Of Loss Treaty A contract of reinsurance under which the primary policy issuer agrees to pay in full any loss up to a prearranged sum, with everything in excess of that amount borne by the reinsurer.......
88. Excess Return The positive difference between the return earned on a capital asset and the riskless rate of return (i.e., the rate paid by government securities).......
89. Exclusive Dealing Agreements An agreement by which the manufacturer or supplier of a product permits a second party to act as sole distributor of the product within a specified geographic area.......
90. Exclusive Patronage Contract Also known as a merchant's contract or shipper's rate agreement, an agreement whereby a shipper of goods by water agrees to ship all his cargo over a given trade route aboard carriers that are member lines of the steamship CONFERENCE (read th......
91. Exclusive Patronage System A business practice by which a firm promises all its business to a supplier in return for certain concessions not otherwise available. This practice is most visible in the steamship industry; through the vehicle of the Merchant's Freight Agreement, a shipper commits his business to a Conference ......
92. Exclusive Use The use of a trailer, container, or similar transport equipment solely by one shipper to one consignee. The carrier is denied the option of stowing other cargo in the trailer, although space permits. Normally the shipper must request the exclusive use in advance of the actual movement and must note ......
93. Exemption System A system to avoid double taxation of income whereby the domiciliary country exempts corporate income taxation, income earned and taxed abroad, up to the amount of tax paid in the country that was the source of income.......
94. Exemption With Progression For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
95. Exonerated Cargo Otherwise dutiable merchandise permitted duty-free entry into certain countries in furtherance of a defined governmental policy. Usually such imports are raw materials or unfinished articles not locally available but deemed essential to local industry. The exonerations are, effectively, [...]...
96. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
97. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
98. Export Merchant A firm that purchases goods from various domestic manufacturers, ships them abroad, and markets through other middlemen or their own organization. The export merchant tends to specialize in a given product category.......
99. Export Privileges The opportunity afforded by the U.S. government to engage in export transactions. The Export Control Act and its successor Export Administration Act have provided that all exports are under authority of license (including the general license requiring no prior approval); hence, exporting is a privil......
100. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
101. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
102. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
103. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
104. Extradition History Contents Extradition History Introduction The U. S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Rauscher (1886), expressed the dominant doctrine in ... Read more...
105. Extradition Treaties Because international extradition is not compulsory in case of lack of a formal treaty (at least for the United States traditional point of view -see Extradition History), there are hundreds of bilateral extradition treaties. No country has a network of bilateral treaties that cover all [...]...
106. Ex Post Facto Law Introduction to Ex Post Facto LawEx Post Facto Law, in criminal law, a law enacted or decreed after an act has been committed that may be illegal as a result of the new law but was not illegal at the time it was committed. Ex post facto laws may also retroactively increase the punishment of......
107. Examining Evidence Forensic Science Examining EvidenceIntroduction to Examining EvidenceThe medical examiner investigates many different types of violent crime to determine whether a violent death was an accident, a suicide, or a homicide (murder). In all cases, the medical examiner must conduct an i......
108. Executor Introduction to ExecutorExecutor, in law, a person or financial institution, such as a trust company or bank, designated by a person (called a testator) in a last will and testament to carry out that person's expressed wishes with respect to the disposal of any assets (called the estate......
109. Exemption Introduction to ExemptionExemption, freedom from an obligation, liability, or duty to which others are subject. Exemptions are granted either in the interest of fairness, to pay allegiance to an interest or concept by granting it a position of priority, or as a regulatory device designed to......
110. Expatriation Introduction to ExpatriationExpatriation, renunciation or abandonment by a person of his or her nationality and allegiance, or acquisition of citizenship in another country. In common law, no citizen could renounce allegiance without the consent of the sovereign. By congressional enactment ......
111. Extraterritoriality Introduction to Extraterritoriality Extraterritoriality, also exterritoriality, in law, systems whereby the jurisdiction and laws of one sovereign nation extend over the territory of another, under a treaty granting such rights. In general, extraterritorial jurisdiction is most frequently [...]...
112. Expungements Expungement Law......
113. Ex Debito Justitiae Definition of Ex Debito JustitiaeIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Ex Debito Justitiae : (Latin) As a matter of right. The phrase is applied to remedies that the court is bound to give when they are claimed, as distinct from those that it has discretion [...]...
114. Ex Gratia Definition of Ex GratiaIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Ex Gratia : (Latin) Done as a matter of favour. An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty....
115. Ex Officio Definition of Ex OfficioIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Ex Officio : (Latin: By virtue of holding an office). Thus, the Lord Chief Justice is ex officio a member of the Court of Appeal....
116. Exhaustion of Local Remedies Definition of Exhaustion of Local Remedies In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Exhaustion of Local Remedies : The rule of customary international law that when an *alien has been wronged, all municipal remedies available to the injured party in the host [...]...
117. Executive Power The Legal History of Executive Power This section provides an overview of Executive Power in an historical perspective. Absence of Any Executive Power Lassa Oppenheim, in the book entitled The Future of International Law, about Absence of Any Executive Power, wrote in 1921: This [...]...
118. Exclusive Distribution Spanish Translation of exclusive distributionThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exclusive distribution and / or a definition of this topic: Distribución Exclusiva (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
119. Executory Proceeding Spanish Translation of executory process/ proceedingThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to executory process/ proceeding and / or a definition of this topic: Juicio Ejecutivo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
120. Executory Process Spanish Translation of executory process/ proceedingThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to executory process/ proceeding and / or a definition of this topic: Juicio Ejecutivo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....