Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
2. Union Bridge Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on union bridge company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "union bridge company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
3. Mexican Union Railway Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican union railway company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican union railway company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
4. European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
5. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
6. Enterprise Union Enterprise union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Enterprise union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is limited to workers in one particular enterprise. Sometimes called a company union, but should not be confused with a yellow union. Resources Trade [...]...
7. European Energy Charter 2 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 31 ENERGY-RELATED EQUIPMENT The provisional Charter Conference shall at its first meeting commence examination ... Read more...
8. European Energy Charter 12 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 27 Settlement of Disputes BETWEEN CONTRACTING PARTIES (1) Contracting Parties shall endeavour to settle ... Read more...
9. European Idea The European Idea and Europe There is an entry on the european idea in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The European Idea" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
10. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
11. European Energy Charter 6 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 7 TRANSIT (1) Each Contracting Party shall take the necessary measures to facilitate the ... Read more...
12. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Part I General provisions Article 1 Definitions For the purposes of ... Read more...
13. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
14. Energy Charter Treaty Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) This section provides an overview of energy charter treaty (ect) within the legal context of Energy Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Kaj Hobér, "Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)," Elgar [...]...
15. European Union Law Contents of European Union Law Contents of this subject matter include: Session 1: legal competence, legislation and decision-making Session 2: Supremacy and Direct Effect and state liability in damages Session 3: Enforcement actions against Member States and Preliminary Rulings Session 4: EU [...]...
16. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
17. European Union law Part 1 Contents European Union law Part 1   1 European Union law International and Comparative Law Quarterly Volume 60, Number 2, ... Read more...
18. European Union law Part 3 Contents European Union law Part 3   23 Determining Jurisdiction in International License Agreements: Falco Privatstiftung (C-533/07) [2009] E.C.R. I-0000 ... Read more...
19. European Union law Part 5 Contents European Union law Part 5   45 Barriers to Financing: Is European Union Indirect Discrimination Law the Answer for ... Read more...
20. European Union law Part 7 Contents European Union law Part 7   79 Case Law of the European Union Courts – Leading Judgments 16 December ... Read more...
21. European Union law Part 8 Contents European Union law Part 8   96 European Union Environmental Law-Who Legislates for Whom in a Devolved Great Britain ... Read more...
22. European Union law Part 9 Contents European Union law Part 9   121 European Union and Controversial Biotechnologies-Technology, Economy, Ethics, Politics and Law in United ... Read more...
23. European Union law Part 12 Contents European Union law Part 12   168 The Rule of law and the coherence of the judicial system of ... Read more...
24. European Union law Part 14 Contents European Union law Part 14   201 Insider Trading Regulations in the Context of the Principle of ‘ Rule ... Read more...
25. European Union law Part 15 Contents European Union law Part 15   216 The European Union 2005 in Luxembourg: Recent Developments in the Case Law ... Read more...
26. European Union law Part 16 Contents European Union law Part 16   221 The Uneasy Case for Top-Down Corporate Law Harmonization in the European Union ... Read more...
27. European Union law Part 18 Contents European Union law Part 18   240 RACHAEL CRAUFURD SMITH (ed.), Culture and European Union law Maastricht Journal of ... Read more...
28. European Union law Part 19 Contents European Union law Part 19   250 Merger Remedies in American and European Union Competition Law edited by François ... Read more...
29. European Union law Part 21 Contents European Union law Part 21   277 T. HERVEY and J. McHALE, Health Law and the European Union, Cambridge ... Read more...
30. European Union law Part 22 Contents European Union law Part 22   299 Joint Ventures: Treatment under New Zealand, United States and European Competition Law ... Read more...
31. European Union law Part 23 Contents European Union law Part 23   310 Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union law Valerie Junod ... Read more...
32. European Union law Part 24 Contents European Union law Part 24   329 Enhancing the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: Why the United States ... Read more...
33. European Union law Part 25 Contents European Union law Part 25   342 IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: LESSONS FROM THE BATHING WATER ... Read more...
34. European Union law Part 30 Contents European Union law Part 30   401 Judicial Enforcement of WTO Law in the European Union Some Further Reflections ... Read more...
35. European Union law Part 31 2 Contents European Union law Part 31   425 ETHICS AS REGULATORY OBLIGATION IN THE FIELD OF NOVEL FOODS AND FOOD ... Read more...
36. Enlargement of the European Union Contents Enlargement of the European Union In the 1950s, the EU began with just six member states. It now has ... Read more...
37. European Union Law Sources Spanish Translation of sources for European Union LawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to sources for European Union Law and / or a definition of this topic: Fuentes del Derecho de la Unión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
38. European Union Regulation Spanish Translation of European Union regulationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Union regulation and / or a definition of this topic: Reglamento Comunitario (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
39. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
40. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 5 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 16 Examination of the reports The reports presented to the ... Read more...
41. European Economic Interest Grouping European Economic Interest Grouping and Europe There is an entry on european economic interest grouping in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Interest Grouping" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union [...]...
42. European Union and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to european union and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
43. European Union Member States Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
44. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
45. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
46. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
47. Revision of the European Patent Convention Contents Revision of the European Patent Convention (EPC), November 2000 The European Patent Convention (EPC) is an intergovernmental agreement, signed ... Read more...
48. European Union law Part 2 Contents European Union law Part 2   14 The Akzo ruling of the Court of Justice and the Private Enforcement ... Read more...
49. European Union law Part 4 Contents European Union law Part 4   32 European Union Food Law Update: A Special Look at the Treaty of ... Read more...
50. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 6   65 RELIGION AS A BASIS OF LAW IN THE PUBLIC ORDER OF THE ... Read more...
51. European Union law Part 10 Contents European Union law Part 10   141 European Union law as a Legal System in a Comparative Perspective. Zeno-Zencovich, ... Read more...
52. European Union law Part 11 Contents European Union law Part 11   159 Basic Conditions of Company Law and Tax Legislation forthe Third Sector in ... Read more...
53. European Union law Part 13 Contents European Union law Part 13   181 Competition Law and Policy in the European Union OECD Journal of Competition ... Read more...
54. European Union law Part 17 Contents European Union law Part 17   227 DUAL LEGAL BASES IN EC ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVISITED: NOTE ON THE JUDGMENTS ... Read more...
55. European Union law Part 20 Contents European Union law Part 20   268 A review of the regulation of payment facilities Rhys Bollen Journal of ... Read more...
56. European Union law Part 26 Contents European Union law Part 26   352 M.R. Joelson, An International Antitrust Primer: A Guide to the Operation of ... Read more...
57. European Union law Part 27 Contents European Union law Part 27   372 Constructing Common Cultures: The Ontological and Normative Dimensions of Law in the ... Read more...
58. European Union law Part 28 Contents European Union law Part 28   377 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR INDIGENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ... Read more...
59. European Union law Part 29 Contents European Union law Part 29   383 ‘NEGATIVE’ AND ‘POSITIVE’ HARMONIZATION OF Labor law IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Catherine ... Read more...
60. European Union law Part 31 Contents European Union law Part 31   411 Information Law: The Commercial Exploitation of Private Sector Information in the European ... Read more...
61. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
62. Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on charter on fundamental rights of the european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "fundamental rights of the european union, charter on" in the [...]...
63. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
64. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
65. Federalism in the European Union Contents Federalism in the European Union Broadly speaking, this means any system of government where several states form a unity ... Read more...
66. Harmonisation in the European Union Contents Harmonisation in the European Union This may mean bringing national laws into line with one another, very often in ... Read more...
67. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
68. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
69. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
70. Taxation in the European Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation in the European Union) ...
71. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
72. Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty and Treaty on European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Treaty of Maastricht...
73. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
74. Court of Justice of the European Union Court of Justice of the European Union in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to court of justice of the european union on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
75. Qualified majority voting in the European Union Qualified majority voting in the European Union On most issues, the Council of the European Union takes its decisions by ... Read more...
76. European Landscape Convention Contents European Landscape Convention The purpose of the Convention is to provide an instrument devoted to the protection, management and ... Read more...
77. Balance of Payments Balance Of Payments Summary of Balance Of Payments The sum owed to or by a nation as the result of its international transactions during a given time period, usually one year. The balance of payments is calculated by subtracting the nation's total payments to foreigners from total [...]...
78. Balloon Payments One or more payments toward the end of a loan that are significantly larger than the payments earlier in the life of the loan. See BULLET PAYMENT.......
79. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
80. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
81. European Recovery Program Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II program to assist the reconstruction of Europe. The plan was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947 and implemented by the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. During the course of the program, U.S. $13.6 billion in assistanc......
82. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
83. Social partners in the European Union Contents Social partners in the European Union This is jargon for the two sides of industry i.e. employers and workers. ... Read more...
84. Freedom of Establishment/Persons (European Union) and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to freedom of establishment/persons (european union) and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
85. Treaty on European Union and Maastricht Treaty Treaty on European Union and Maastricht Treaty and the European Union Resources See Also TEU...
86. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
87. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
88. European Terms An expression of the value of any foreign currency in terms of how many units equal one dollar; effective September 1, 1979, most New York banks employed this foreign currency method for transactions.......
89. Transfer Payments A payment by governments, firms, or individuals that results in no purchase of goods or services. Charitable contributions and welfare are examples. On the international level, transfer payments occur in the form of foreign aid grants, disaster relief, and similar undertakings.......
90. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
91. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
92. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
93. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
94. Deficiency Payments Deficiency Payments and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Deficiency Payments: Government payments to compensate producers --usually farmers --for all or part of the [...]...
95. European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
96. European Convention on Cybercrime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on cybercrime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cybercrime, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
97. European Convention on Extradition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on extradition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "extradition, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
98. European Law of Nations Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european law of nations explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european law of nations" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
99. European Social Charter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european social charter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
100. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
101. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
102. European Agricultural Guidance And Guarantee Fund Common Agricultrural Policy is considered here.......
103. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
104. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
105. European Court of Human Rights Introduction to European Court of Human Rights European Court of Human Rights, court established in 1950 by the signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights to police oppressive activities of governments. In the aftermath of World War II (1939-1945), and in particular the atrocities [...]...
106. Balance of Payments Committee Balance of Payments Committee in International Trade Resources See Also Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions....
107. Balance of Payments Deficit Concept of Balance of Payments Deficit An introductory definition of Balance of Payments Deficit is provided here: a state spends more than it receives from other countries Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
108. Balance of Payments Surplus Concept of Balance of Payments Surplus An introductory definition of Balance of Payments Surplus is provided here: a state receives more than it spends in other countries Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
109. European Organization for Nuclear Research European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) The European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated as CERN (from the French 'Conseil européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire' or European Council for Nuclear Research, as its predecessor was called), is the [...]...
110. European Commission of Human Rights Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european commission of human rights explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european commission of human rights" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
111. European Laboratory for Particle Research Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european laboratory for particle research explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european laboratory for particle research" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
112. Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee): A GATT standing committee [...]...
113. International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Outline The ITU was established in 1865 in Paris. It became a specialized agency of the UN in 1947. Its main function is to coordinate international cooperation in the area of telecommunications. It promotes international cooperation through various [...]...
114. Universal Postal Union Universal Postal Union Outline The union was established under the International Postal Convention of 1874. It was then named the General Postal Union. In 1878 it was renamed the Universal Postal Union. It became a specialised, but independent, agency of the UN after 1945. The UPU is a [...]...
115. European Law European law and the European Union Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Femmes, Migration, Et Prostitution En Europe: Il N'Est Pas Question De "Travail De Sexe", Anna Zobnina, Sep 2017 Why We Must Oppose The Full Decriminalization Of Prostitution, [...]...
116. European Convention on Nationality 2 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter V – Multiple nationality Article 14 – Cases of multiple nationality ex lege ... Read more...
117. European Energy Charter   PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Treaty: (1) "Charter"means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the [...]...
118. European Energy Charter 5 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 2 PURPOSE OF THE TREATY This Treaty establishes a legal framework in order to ... Read more...
119. European Energy Charter 7 Contents European Energy Charter   PART III INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTION ARTICLE 10 PROMOTION, PROTECTION AND TREATMENT OF INVESTMENTS (1) ... Read more...
120. European Energy Charter 8 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 11 KEY PERSONNEL (1) A Contracting Party shall, subject to its laws and regulations ... Read more...