Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
2. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
3. Freer Trade History of Commercial Treaties: Freer TradeHopeful omens, however, began to appear. In 1934 the United States passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement, by which the president was empowered to lower import duties on a country's goods if that country reciprocated. The United States thereby m......
4. Common Transit Common transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure for the carriage of goods between the Community and the EFTA countries and between the EFTA countries themselves. Resources See Also Popular [...]...
5. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
6. Free Movement of Workers Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Free Movement of Workers and the Principle of Equal Treatment provided by the European Union Commission: Every citizen of the EU has the right to work and live in another Member [...]...
7. Bilateral Agreement In general, any treaty, protocol, or understanding between two nations. The term has particular application in the area of commercial air transportation, where a bilateral agreement is an understanding between two countries permitting the commercial aircraft of one nation to land in and carry [...]...
8. Agreement on Agriculture Agreement on Agriculture and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Agreement on Agriculture provided by the European Union Commission: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) concluded in 1994 brought agricultural trade more fully under international trade rules and [...]...
9. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
10. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
11. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
12. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
13. Berne Convention Definition of Berne Convention In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Berne Convention : The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: an international convention of September 1886 that sets out ground rules for protection of [...]...
14. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
15. Regional Organizations Regional organizations are, under some perspectives, international organizations, as they are members of the international community and encompass geopolitical entities that, in their operations or activities, transcend a single state or country. However, its membership is characterized by [...]...
16. Commission of the European Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
17. International Trade and Commercial Relations resources ContentsInternational Trade and Commercial Relations resourcesInternational Trade and Commercial Relations web resourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
18. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
19. Europe Agreement Europe agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Europe agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A Europe agreement is a specific type of association agreement concluded between the European Union and certain Central and Eastern European states (Article 310 of [...]...
20. Nafta Nafta Nafta in International Trade Meaning of Nafta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A free trade agreement comprising Canada, Mexico and the United States. The objectives of the agreement are to eliminate barriers to trade, promote conditions of fair [...]...
21. Trade and Commercial Relations conventions ContentsTrade and Commercial Relations international conventionsTrade and Commercial Relations multilateral conventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
22. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
23. Exchange of Notes Exchange of Letters/Notes and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Exchange of Letters/Notes provided by the European Union Commission: States may express their consent to be bound by an "exchange of letters/notes". The basic characteristic of this procedure is that the [...]...
24. Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty and Treaty on European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Treaty of Maastricht...
25. Act of Formal Confirmation Act of Formal Confirmation and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Act of Formal Confirmation provided by the European Union Commission: "Act of formal confirmation" is used as an equivalent for the term "ratification" when an international organization [...]...
26. EEC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eec explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EEC and Europe There is an entry on eec in the European legal encyclopedia. EEC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
27. List of United Nations Cross References List of United Nations Cross References Economic and Social Council General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction ... Read more...
28. Agreement on Textiles and Clothing Agreement on Textiles and Clothing – ATC and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Agreement on Textiles and Clothing – ATC provided by the European Union Commission: The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) is a WTO agreement, which foresees that trade in textiles [...]...
29. EC Commission EC Commission in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of EC Commission: The "executive branch" of the European Community, which is responsible for carrying out policies approved by the EC [...]...
30. EU-Switzerland Bilateral Agreement EU-Switzerland bilateral agreement A bilateral agreement between the European Union and Switzerland on cooperation in the field of statistics came into force on 1 January 2007 The agreement enables Switzerland to access pan-European statistical data for the countries within the European [...]...
31. EURATOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euratom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community) and Europe There is an entry on euratom (european atomic energy community) in the European legal [...]...
32. Composition of the European Commission Composition of the European Commission and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Composition of the European Commission provided by the European Union Commission: From the outset the Commission was always made up of two nationals of each of the most populated Member States and one [...]...
33. Benelux Benelux Summary of Benelux An acronym for Belgium-Nether- lands-Luxembourg. Following World War II, the three nations formed a customs union with long- range objectives of establishing a single monetary and fiscal system. The localized objectives of the three Benelux countries were [...]...
34. Combined Nomenclature Combined nomenclature (CN) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Combined nomenclature (CN) provided by the European Union Commission: A systematic list of goods descriptions based on the Harmonized System, serving for the purposes of the Common Customs Tariff, external trade [...]...
35. Mutual Recognition Mutual recognition and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Mutual recognition provided by the European Union Commission: A principle of international law whereby States party to an agreement decide that they will recognise and uphold legal decisions taken by competent authorities [...]...
36. EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
37. Treaties Office Treaties Office and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Treaties Office provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaties Office of DG External Relations of the European Commission, has two main roles: to advice on practice and procedural matters relating to the different [...]...
38. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
39. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
40. Signature Ad Referendum Signature ad referendum and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Signature ad referendum provided by the European Union Commission: A representative may sign a treaty "ad referendum", i.e., under the condition that the signature is confirmed by his state. In this case, [...]...
41. Council of Europe Hello Council Of Europe Summary of Council Of Europe An association of twenty- one European states formed to identify and collectively pursue areas of common interest, and to provide a forum for the articulation of European unity. The council was formed by treaty in London on May 5, 1949; [...]...
42. Latin American Free Trade Association A now defunct association of various Latin American states formed to orchestrate the elimination of tariffs among members within twelve years of its formation (at the rate of eight percent). LAFTA was created by the treaty of Montevideo on February 18, 1960, and commenced activities on June 1, 1961.......
43. Cotonou Agreement Cotonou Agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Cotonou Agreement provided by the European Union Commission: Signed in 2000, this agreement replaced the Lomé Convention. Its main objective is to create a new framework for co-operation between the members of the [...]...
44. Justice Cooperation Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty provided by the European Union Commission: The legal bases for EU legislation on justice and home affairs. Title IV of the European Community Treaty covers free [...]...
45. Regional Trade Institutions ContentsRegional Trade InstitutionsOutlineTopics CoveredRegional RulesEuropean RegionalismRegionalism in AmericaResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading Regional Trade Institutions Outline This entry examines regional trading arrangements, ... Read more...
46. Trade Agreement See information on the case Grand River Enterprises Six Nations, Ltd v United States of America. Resources See Also Trade Commercial Relations Investment Transportation North American Free Trade Agreement Investment Dispute Settlements Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
47. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
48. Vienna Formula Vienna formula and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Vienna formula provided by the European Union Commission: This formula was developed to overcome the uncertainties of the "all States formula". The Vienna formula attempts to identify in detail the entities eligible [...]...
49. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
50. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
51. Central European Free Trade Agreement Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA): A regional cooperation organization and prospective free trade [...]...
52. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
53. North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in [...]...
54. Free Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
55. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
56. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
57. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
58. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
59. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
60. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
61. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
62. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
63. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
64. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
65. Free Trade Agreements In the United States For information about Free Trade Agreements in the context of international trade, click here United States-Singapore free trade agreement The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement has been in force since January 1, 2004. U.S. two way goods trade totaled $37 [...]...
66. Latin American Integration Association Latin American Integration Association Outline LAFTA was a regional organization between the Latin American countries. It was established pursuant to the Montevideo Treaty in 1960. Its members included Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and [...]...
67. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
68. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
69. European Court of Human Rights Introduction to European Court of Human Rights European Court of Human Rights, court established in 1950 by the signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights to police oppressive activities of governments. In the aftermath of World War II (1939-1945), and in particular the atrocities [...]...
70. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
71. Baltic Free Trade Area Baltic Free Trade Area in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Baltic Free Trade Area: A prospective free trade area linking Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Objectives include elimination of [...]...
72. North American Free Trade Area Embracing mainstream international law, this section on north american free trade area explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "north american free trade area" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
73. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
74. International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association Outline The IATA was founded in 1945 in Havana under the agreement of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. The IATA replaced the International Air Traffic Association set up in 1919 in The Hague. It is a non-governmental [...]...
75. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
76. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement EMAA and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EMAA provided by the European Union Commission: The Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement is a net of individual agreements between the EU and each of the Mediterranean Partners in relation to the Barcelona Declaration. They outline [...]...
77. Free Ships/free Goods A position asserted by certain authorities in international law that all cargo carried aboard a neutral vessel is exempt from seizure by belligerents in time of war. This view conflicts with a more widely held attitude that belligerents have a legal right to interdict munitions and supplies with war......
78. Association of South East Asian Nations Association Of South East Asian Nations Association of South East Asian Nations Outline ASEAN was established in 1967. Its Secretariat is located in Jakarta. Its members are Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei and Vietnam. Papua New Guinea has the status of an [...]...
79. Trade Association Concept of Trade Association Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Participation Interest Groups Lobbying...
80. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
81. European Court of Justice Introduction to European Court of Justice European Court of Justice, court of law of the European Union (EU), established in 1957. The court is charged with ruling on all questions brought before it concerning the founding treaties of the EU and legislation made under those treaties. Since [...]...
82. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
83. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
84. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
85. European Social Charter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european social charter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
86. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
87. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
88. European Organization for Nuclear Research European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) The European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated as CERN (from the French 'Conseil européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire' or European Council for Nuclear Research, as its predecessor was called), is the [...]...
89. Free Trade Exceptions Article XX GATT, Art XIV GATS This section provides an overview of article xx gatt, art xiv gats within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
90. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
91. Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The first meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission was held on February 22-23, 2011, in San Salvador, El [...]...
92. Central America Free Trade Agreements Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr"): TRANSPARENCY AND [...]...
93. International Bauxite Association See the International Commodity Organization.......
94. Economic And Social Council Of The United Nations Economic and Social Council of the United Nations OutlineECOSOC is one of the major organs of the UN, consisting of 54 members. Its main function is to develop and coordinate social and economic policies of UN members. There are five regional commissions under ECOSOC: the Economic Commissio......
95. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Outline UNESCO was set up in 1945 as a specialised and independent agency of the UN. Its main task is to promote international cooperation in the areas of [...]...
96. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
97. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
98. Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries See the International Commodity Organization......
99. International Trade Centre International Trade Centre Outline The ITC is a governmental body operating under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It initially came into existence in 1964 as an organization supported by GATT and came under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD in 1968. Its main function is to promote......
100. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): A regional cooperation organization [...]...
101. Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The text of the CAFTA-DR is available at (internet link) [...]...
102. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) GATT was a series of multi-lateral treaties -- and an organization of the same name -- designed to regulate trade between the member nations. Definition of General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, [...]...
103. European Landscape Convention ContentsEuropean Landscape ConventionEuropean Union (EU) implicationsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries European Landscape Convention ... Read more...
104. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
105. European Recovery Program Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II program to assist the reconstruction of Europe. The plan was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947 and implemented by the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. During the course of the program, U.S. $13.6 billion in assistanc......
106. European Budget Budget and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Budget provided by the European Union Commission: All the Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts. The budget is governed by several principles, including: • unity: [...]...
107. European Social Fund European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
108. Court of Justice of the European Communities Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of Justice of the European Communities provided by the European Union Commission: The Court of Justice is composed of the same number of judges as there are Member States. At present it has [...]...
109. European Common Commercial Policy Article 133 (ex-Article 113) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Article 133 (ex-Article 113) provided by the European Union Commission: Article 133 of the EC Treaty allows the European Union to negotiate, conclude and implement trade agreements with other countries of the [...]...
110. European Security and Defence Identity European security and defence identity and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European security and defence identity provided by the European Union Commission: The idea of developing a European defence identity has been prompted by two considerations: • For some years now [...]...
111. European Regional Development Fund European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
112. Us Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements With Panama, Colombia, and Korea in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 21, 2011, President Obama signed legislation implementing the Panama, Colombia, and Korea free [...]...
113. Association Association in Election Law Group of people working together to achieve common goals on a nonprofit basis. Associations are the most important component of civil society. Description of Association Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
114. UN Convention against Corruption UN Convention against Corruption Title United Nations Convention Against Corruption About the Convention The purposes of the Convention are to promote and strengthen measures to prevent and combat corruption [...]...
115. United Nations Secretariat ContentsUnited Nations SecretariatCharterConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these EntriesStructure of the United Nations: SecretariatIntroduction to ... Read more...
116. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
117. Unicef The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF supports governments and civil society in some 155 countries to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international standards. UNICEF’s rule of law work includes support to child rights legislative reform; justice [...]...
118. United Nations Introduction to United Nations United Nations (UN), international organization of countries created to promote world peace and cooperation. The UN was founded after World War II ended in 1945. Its mission is to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote [...]...
119. United Nations Environment Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Environment Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
120. Association Agreement Stabilisation and association agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Stabilisation and association agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A bilateral agreement, which establishes a single basis for assisting a country. Each EU candidate country has such [...]...