Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Electoral System Electoral System in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: The structures and processes necessary to hold an election including the electoral laws, system of appointment, redistribution and voting. Electoral System in Election Law The part of the electoral regulations [...]...
2. European Election Hierarchical Display of European election Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > ElectionPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Electoral system > European electoral systemEuropean Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU institution > European Parliament [...]...
3. Electoral Fraud Ballot Tampering in Election Law A method of electoral fraud which consists of manipulating the ballot in any manner which would invalidate the vote or alter the counting results. It may happen at different stages of the polling and counting operations. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
4. Electoral Advertising Electoral Advertising in Election Law Used by candidates of public or private, free or paid media or advertising to promote their political programme and mobilise voters before an election starts, according to electoral law and the election calendar. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
5. Electoral Budget Electoral Budget in Election Law Financial resources allocated for conducting an election according to provisions established by the legal framework. There is always an ordinary budget for day-to-day functioning of the electoral administration and a special electoral budget which is drafted [...]...
6. Voting Method Hierarchical Display of Voting method Politics > Electoral procedure and votingPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Parliamentary seat > Allocation of seats Voting method Concept of Voting method See the dictionary definition of Voting method. Characteristics of Voting method [rtbs [...]...
7. Uniform Electoral Procedure Uniform Electoral Procedure and Europe There is an entry on uniform electoral procedure in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Uniform Electoral Procedure" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
8. Electoral Rights Electoral Rights in Election Law All the civil rights and liberties that a citizen may enjoy in the context of an election, including the right to register as a voter, the right to vote, stand as a candidate, join a political party and campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
9. Electoral Register Hierarchical Display of Electoral register Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Organisation of elections > Electorate Electoral register Concept of Electoral register See the dictionary definition of Electoral register. Characteristics of Electoral register [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
10. Electoral Roll Display of The Voter List or Electoral Roll in Election Law Procedure in which an election authority makes voter lists available to the public, for example in towns and villages, after the process of voter registration has been completed. The purpose is to allow citizens who registered to make [...]...
11. Electoral Court Electoral Court in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A court set up to decide electoral disputes, usually ex post....
12. Electoral Legislation Electoral Legislation in Election Law Set of constitutional, legislative, regulatory or other texts which govern the election process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
13. Electoral Law Electoral Law in Election Law The law governing elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
14. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
15. Electoral Realignments Election: Electoral RealignmentsIntroduction to Electoral RealignmentsThe outcomes of elections often have important consequences for governmental programs and policies. In the United States, elections have had their greatest impact during times of "critical realignment"-......
16. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
17. Electoral Reform Introduction Electoral Reform, elimination of undemocratic, dishonest, and corrupt practices in the conduct of public elections. Reform is usually effected by statutory enactments that contain provisions for accomplishing one or more of the following ends: a change in the qualification [...]...
18. Right to Stand for Election Hierarchical Display of Right to stand for election Law > Rights and freedoms > Political rights > Civil rightsEuropean Union > European construction > Deepening of the European Union > Citizens' Europe > European citizenshipPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Electoral law [...]...
19. Voting Age Voting Age in Election Law Minimum legal age that a person must reach in order to be eligible to vote. The age is usually 18 but may vary from one country to another. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
20. Election Campaign Election Campaign in Election Law Series of activities, occurring before a vote, carried out by political parties or individuals, in order to promote their political programme and principles. These activities can include meetings, rallies, interviews, debates, etc., in order to attract the [...]...
21. Elective Office Hierarchical Display of Elective office Politics > Parliament > Member of ParliamentPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > ElectionPolitics > Politics and public safety > Politics > Political crisis > Dissolution of parliament Elective office Concept of Elective office See the [...]...
22. Presidential Election Hierarchical Display of Presidential election Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > ElectionPolitics > Political framework > Political system > Presidential régimePolitics > Political framework > Political institution > Head of State Presidential election Concept of Presidential [...]...
23. Regional Authority Hierarchical Display of Regional authority Politics > Executive power and public service > Regional and local authoritiesPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Election > Regional election Regional authority Concept of Regional authority See the dictionary definition of Regional [...]...
24. Uninominal Voting System Hierarchical Display of Uninominal voting system Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method Uninominal voting system Concept of Uninominal voting system See the dictionary definition of Uninominal voting system. Characteristics of Uninominal voting system [rtbs [...]...
25. Election Programme Hierarchical Display of Election programme Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Organisation of elections > Election campaignPolitics > Political party > Party organisation > Political programmePolitics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > Executive competence [...]...
26. Election Campaign Publicity Hierarchical Display of Election campaign publicity Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Organisation of elections > Election campaignEducation And Communications > Communications > Communications policy > Control of communications > DisinformationPolitics > Politics and public [...]...
27. Regional Election Hierarchical Display of Regional election Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > ElectionPolitics > Executive power and public service > Regional and local authorities > Regional authorityPolitics > Executive power and public service > Public administration > Regional government [...]...
28. Electorate Introduction to ElectorateElectorate, term applied to all of the eligible voters in a political democracy. If a substantial majority of the mature citizens of a community are allowed to participate in elections, and if no compulsion or restraint is involved in voting, that community is cons......
29. Election Process Election Process in Election Law Set of legal measures and concrete operations needed to hold an election. A starting point may be a writ or decree calling voters to vote in a particular election and may require the adoption of an electoral law. The election process includes voter [...]...
30. Representative Democracy Representative Democracy in Election Law Democracy in which the people do not exercise power directly but rather through representatives, elected periodically through free, secret and universal suffrage. Concept of Representative Democracy Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in [...]...
31. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
32. Election Day Election Day in Election Law Day on which voters go to polling stations to vote and elect their leaders or representatives. (See: Voting period). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
33. Presidential Régime Hierarchical Display of Presidential régime Politics > Political framework > Political systemPolitics > Political framework > Political institution > Head of StatePolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Election > Presidential election Presidential régime Concept of Presidential [...]...
34. Electoral College Concept of Electoral College Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Concept of Electoral College Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Voting Campaigns Elections Resources See [...]...
35. Election Management Executive Director of The Election Management Body (emb) in Election Law Person responsible for managing the election authority to ensure it works effectively. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
36. Allocation of Seats Hierarchical Display of Allocation of seats Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Parliamentary seatPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method Allocation of seats Concept of Allocation of seats See the dictionary definition of Allocation of seats. Characteristics of [...]...
37. Majority Voting System Hierarchical Display of Majority voting system Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method Majority voting system Concept of Majority voting system See the dictionary definition of Majority voting system. Characteristics of Majority voting system [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
38. Military Voting Military Voting in Election Law In some countries, members of the military are allowed to vote. Given that they are often based far from their electoral constituencies, polling centres are sometimes set up inside military bases. In other cases, military personnel vote by mail or proxy. This [...]...
39. Constituency Ad Hoc Electoral Constituency in Election Law Constituency established specifically for one particular election, which is therefore redefined periodically. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
40. Advance Voting Advance Voting in Election Law Method by which a registered voter who cannot vote on election day may do so earlier. This can be done in several ways, including by postal vote or at a specific location. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
41. Compulsory Voting Compulsory Voting in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: see Mandatory Voting...
42. Compulsory Compulsory Voting in Election Law Legal measure by which citizens are obliged to vote. In certain countries, individuals who abstain from voting without good and sufficient reason can be subject to a fine. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
43. Right to Vote Hierarchical Display of Right to vote Law > Rights and freedoms > Political rights > Civil rightsEuropean Union > European construction > Deepening of the European Union > Citizens' Europe > European citizenshipPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Electoral law Right to vote [...]...
44. Disinformation Hierarchical Display of Disinformation Education And Communications > Communications > Communications policy > Control of communicationsPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Organisation of elections > Election campaign > Election campaign publicityPolitics > Politics and public [...]...
45. Election Irregularity Election Irregularity in Election Law Acts of inadvertence or negligence by election officers or actors in the electoral process that violate the procedures or the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
46. Cross Voting Hierarchical Display of Cross voting Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method > List voting system Cross voting Concept of Cross voting See the dictionary definition of Cross voting. Characteristics of Cross voting [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Cross [...]...
47. Nomination Introduction to Nomination Nomination, in politics, the formal selection and presentation of a candidate for an elective office. Four principal methods of nomination have been used in the U.S.: nomination by political convention, by primary election, by caucus, and by petition. Before 1800 c......
48. Psephology Psephology in Election Law The study of voting and voting patterns. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
49. Rally An increase in stock or commodity prices following a decline.......
50. Regional and Local Authorities Hierarchical Display of Regional and local authorities Politics > Executive power and public serviceLaw > Sources and branches of the law > Source of law > Legislation > Local legislationPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Election > Local electionEuropean Union > European [...]...
51. List Voting System Hierarchical Display of List voting system Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method List voting system Concept of List voting system See the dictionary definition of List voting system. Characteristics of List voting system [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
52. Voting Preference Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A ranked ballot or preferential voting system is a type of voting system in which each voter casts their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference. 'Bandwagon' Voting in Election Law Voting for [...]...
53. Electoral Assistance Electoral Assistance Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Electoral Assistance , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Electoral Assistance , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) ...
54. Political Programme Hierarchical Display of Political programme Politics > Political party > Party organisationPolitics > Electoral procedure and voting > Organisation of elections > Election campaign > Election programmePolitics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > Executive competence [...]...
55. Vote Ordinal Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A rank ordering of votes for either candidates or parties....
56. Government Programme Hierarchical Display of Government programme Politics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > Executive competence > Government policyPolitics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > Party organisation > Political programmePolitics > Electoral procedure [...]...
57. Legitimacy A Question of Legitimacy: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to this subject, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: Edward Wolff, a German subject, domiciled in England since 1860, goes to Germany in 1870 for the [...]...
58. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
59. Voting System Mixed Voting System in Election Law A system which combines elements of majoritarian and proportional representation systems. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and Mixed Member Proportional Systems. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
60. Internal Rules Internal Rules or Regulations in Election Law Set of general rules that govern the internal workings of a collective authority or legislature, such as the creation of committees, distribution of roles, definition of rules of deliberation or determining voting procedure (by show of hands or [...]...
61. European System of Central Banks European System of Central Banks and the European Union Resources See Also ESCB...
62. Secret Ballot Secret Ballot in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which the voter is entitled to vote without being seen by others, a potential source of pressure and intimidation which could invalidate the freedom of choice. An election authority is therefore obliged to [...]...
63. Administrative Court Administrative Court in Election Law Type of court specialised in ruling on disputes between the public authorities and individuals. It can be mandated by electoral law to rule on election-related disputes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
64. Voice Vote Introduction to Voice VoteVoice Vote, vote that is tallied by the vocal responses of its participants. Voice voting is accomplished either by a general count of "ayes" versus "nays" or by asking each participant one by one to announce his or her vote, a procedure that is......
65. Absentee Vote Absentee Vote or Ballot in Election Law Method by which a person may vote without going to the polling station on election day. Depending on national laws, the voter has a certain period of time during which he or she can obtain a ballot before the election. The ballot paper is filled out and [...]...
66. Election Management Body Election Management Body (emb) as an Electoral Commission in Election Law A collective body that is independent from the executive branch of government and which is tasked, by law, to prepare and implement elections. It is administratively and financially independent and is made up of [...]...
67. Electoral Systems Election: Electoral Systems Introduction to Electoral Systems The manner in which governments organize elections and determine winners also affects participation rates. Majority systems require that a victorious candidate receive more than 50 percent of the vote. Under a plurality system, [...]...
68. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
69. Parliamentary Vote Hierarchical Display of Parliamentary vote Politics > Parliamentary proceedings > Parliamentary procedurePolitics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > VotePolitics > Executive power and public service > Executive body > Majority votingPolitics > Electoral [...]...
70. Equal Suffrage Equal Suffrage in Election Law Principle by which all voters have equal voting rights and do not suffer any form of discrimination. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
71. Electoral Commission Electoral Commission in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: An institution set up to manage and supervise elections....
72. Head of State Head of State in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nationstate, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising [...]...
73. Handbook Voter Handbook or Guide in Election Law Document usually issued to voters by the election authority to explain the steps they must follow and voting procedures in layman's terms. The handbook may also include recommendations to explain to voters what rules must be obeyed, and how they can [...]...
74. Streams Streams in Election Law Separate queues formed at a polling station to organise and speed up the voting process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
75. Parliament The Legal History of Parliament This section provides an overview of Parliament Parliament in Election Law National body of representatives having legislative power within the state. House of Representatives in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to House of Representatives may [...]...
76. Election Observer Election Observer in Election Law A person who witnesses the proceedings of election preparation or conduct and may comment and report, but is not entitled to intervene in the process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
77. Remote Remote Voting in Election Law See: Absentee vote Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
78. Election Cost Election Cost in Election Law All expenses incurred for the preparation and conduct of an election, which may include core, integrity and diffused costs. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
79. Organisation of Elections Hierarchical Display of Organisation of elections Politics > Electoral procedure and voting Organisation of elections Concept of Organisation of elections See the dictionary definition of Organisation of elections. Characteristics of Organisation of elections [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
80. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
81. Election Observation Declaration of Global Principles For Non-partisan Election Observation and Monitoring by Citizen Organisations in Election Law This declaration provides an important set of values and rules for accountability of non-partisan electoral monitoring organisations, in a similar way to those [...]...
82. Accreditation Accreditation in Election Law Administrative procedure by which a person or an entity is qualified to carry out a specific task in connection with an election. Different stakeholders must normally apply for accreditation from the electoral authorities to obtain a document, badge or pass giving [...]...
83. Timetable Electoral Calendar or Timetable in Election Law A schedule according to which all the phases of a specific election process will take place, such as the day on which voter registration begins and ends, the day on which individuals register their candidacy, the election campaign period, [...]...
84. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
85. Judicial Action Judicial Action in Election Law A judicial process initiated to address a specific legal problem. With respect to an election, legal action can be taken regarding any phase of the process, including voter registration, candidate nomination, voting operations, a dispute over results or any [...]...
86. Voter Information Voter Information in Election Law A process of giving relevant factual information about an election process on a timely basis. This includes when, where and how voters will vote. When this is done during the preparatory stages of an election, particularly a general election, it aids [...]...
87. Electronic Voting Origins Electronic Voting Origins of Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting OriginsElectronic voting has been used in United States elections since the mid-1970s. The first electronic voting system is believed to be the Video Voter, an electromechanical device. The incentive fo......
88. International Election International Election Assistance in Election Law Financial and/or technical support provided by international organisations or specialised NGOs to a country in order to help it organise elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
89. Deadline Deadline For Voter Registration in Election Law Date after which citizens may no longer register to exercise their right to vote. Voter registration occurs over a specific period, defined by electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
90. Turnout of Voters Hierarchical Display of Turnout of voters Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > VotePolitics > Politics and public safety > Politics > Political behaviour > Political involvement Turnout of voters Concept of Turnout of voters See the dictionary definition of Turnout of voters. [...]...
91. Election Introduction to Election Election, procedure that allows members of an organization or community to choose representatives who will hold positions of authority within it. The most important elections select the leaders of local, state, and national governments. The chance to decide who will [...]...
92. European Citizenship Hierarchical Display of European citizenship European Union > European construction > Deepening of the European Union > Citizens' EuropePolitics > Parliament > Powers of parliament > Parliamentary scrutiny > PetitionLaw > Rights and freedoms > Rights of the individual > Freedom of [...]...
93. Election Manipulation Election Manipulation in Election Law Deliberate attempt to tamper with the registration of voters, polling and/or counting processes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
94. Carousel Voting Carousel Voting in Election Law A method of vote rigging which involves multiple voting, in particular when voters are transported to different polling stations so that they can cast their votes for the same candidate or the same list more than once. Another example is voters using a ballot [...]...
95. Double-ballot Voting System Hierarchical Display of Double-ballot voting system Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method > Majority voting system Double-ballot voting system Concept of Double-ballot voting system See the dictionary definition of Double-ballot voting system. Characteristics of [...]...
96. Second Ballot Hierarchical Display of Second ballot Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Voting method > Majority voting system > Double-ballot voting system Second ballot Concept of Second ballot See the dictionary definition of Second ballot. Characteristics of Second ballot [rtbs [...]...
97. Tactical Tactical Voting in Election Law A vote based on political calculation, often implying that the elector votes for a party or candidate that he or she does not really support, but does so to keep out a party or candidate that he or she does not want to see elected. Resources See Also Election [...]...
98. Political Propaganda Propaganda Political PropagandaIntroduction to Political PropagandaPropaganda for distinctly political ends is as old as history. The Bible, for example, relates that the Assyrian king Sennacherib attempted to terrify the Kingdom of Judah into surrendering by the use of threatening......
99. Pre-election Election Silence or Pre-election Silence in Election Law Term used to describe the end of an election campaign, at which point all participants in the election process – candidates and the media in particular – are banned from making statements and taking action to promote a [...]...
100. European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
101. Counting of the Votes Hierarchical Display of Counting of the votes Politics > Electoral procedure and voting > Vote Counting of the votes Concept of Counting of the votes See the dictionary definition of Counting of the votes. Characteristics of Counting of the votes [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation [...]...
102. Proxy Voting Proxy Voting or Vote by Proxy in Election Law Vote cast by a person on behalf of another, as stipulated by law, when he or she cannot exercise his or her right to vote in person. To vote by proxy, the voter must nominate a trusted person whom he or she delegates to vote on his or her behalf. [...]...
103. Voter Eligible Voter in Election Law Individual who satisfies the legal requirements to participate in an election. These requirements are usually related to nationality, age, mental health, etc. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
104. Escort Voter Escort in Election Law Person whose role is defined by electoral law and who is authorised to accompany disabled, elderly or illiterate voters and assist them in exercising their right to vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
105. Cumulative Voting Cumulative Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A semiproportional system of voting in which each voter has as many votes as there are seats to fill, but each voter may give all of his/her votes to one candidates, or split them up as s/he desires. Cumulative [...]...
106. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 665LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW66LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW67LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW68LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
107. Limited Voting Limited Voting in Election Law Voting system used in multi-member constituencies. Voters have more than one vote but fewer votes than the number of seats to be filled. The candidates with the most votes get elected, but not necessarily with absolute majority. Under a variant of Limited Vote [...]...
108. Candidacy Candidacy Withdrawal in Election Law Situation of a person who stood as a candidate but decides to stand down from the electoral race before election day. This can come as the result of a personal decision or the result of a decision by the political party to which the person belongs. In many [...]...
109. European Energy Charter 3 Contents European Energy Charter ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries European Energy Charter   ... Read more...
110. Election Types Election: Types of Election:sIntroduction to Election TypesIn most nations, political party leaders select candidates for office in a general election. The United States is one of the few nations to hold primary elections prior to the general election campaign. In these elections, ......
111. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
112. Electronic Voting Problems Electronic Voting Problems with Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting ProblemsScientific concerns about the reliability of electronic vote tallying were raised early on, in a 1975 report by voting technology consultant Roy Saltman at the U.S. National Bureau of Standar......
113. Mobilisation Mobilisation in Election Law Action taken to encourage citizens to participate in the electoral process, or support an individual or party in an election to secure their vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
114. Electorate Property Introduction to Electorate PropertyHistorically, property has been a persistent test of admittance into the electorate. The gradual relinquishment of property ownership criteria marked the evolution of the franchise in Great Britain and the United States. The influence of the frontier and t......
115. Elected Elected in Election Law Person chosen to hold public office through an election. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
116. Electronic Voting Introduction to Electronic Voting Electronic Voting, a balloting system that allows votes to be entered and recorded in an electronic form. These balloting systems are also referred to as e-voting or direct-recording electronic systems (DREs). The voter uses a direct entry device to register......
117. Single Constituency System Single Constituency System in Election Law Voting system in which the entire territory of a country is considered a single district/ constituency, instead of being divided into several. A presidential election almost invariably requires a single constituency that encompasses the whole country. [...]...
118. Return Return in Election Law Declaration by a returning officer of a candidate or party in an election as being the winner, according to the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
119. Observation Election Observation in Election Law Verification of the election process for the purpose of collecting all information concerning the conditions in which it took place. This is done by impartial organisations that must not intervene or interfere in the operations they are called upon to [...]...
120. Eligibility In the United States For information about Eligibility in the context of international trade, click here Eligibility (to be Elected) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a candidate. Eligibility (to Vote) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a voter. Resources See Also Disability [...]...