Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
2. Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on charter on fundamental rights of the european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "fundamental rights of the european union, charter on" in the [...]...
3. Energy Charter Treaty Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) This section provides an overview of energy charter treaty (ect) within the legal context of Energy Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Kaj Hobér, "Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)," Elgar [...]...
4. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
5. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
6. Trans-European Networks Trans-european Networks (TENs) and Europe There is an entry on trans-european networks (tens) in the European legal encyclopedia. Trans-European networks and the European Union Resources See Also TENs Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trans-european Networks (TENs)" in the [...]...
7. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
8. Social Charters European Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on european social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
9. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
10. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
11. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
12. European Economic and Social Committee European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Economic and Social Committee was set up, as an advisory body, by the Treaty establishing [...]...
13. Joint European Torus JET (Joint European Torus) and Europe There is an entry on jet (joint european torus) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "JET (Joint European Torus)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
14. European Union and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to european union and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
15. Social partners in the European Union Contents Social partners in the European Union This is jargon for the two sides of industry i.e. employers and workers. ... Read more...
16. Charter Of Economic Rights And Duties Of States Charter Of Economic Rights And Duties Of States Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG [...]...
17. Energy Institutions Energy Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, energy institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) International Energy Agency (IEA)...
18. Federalism in the European Union Contents Federalism in the European Union Broadly speaking, this means any system of government where several states form a unity ... Read more...
19. List of European and UK Online Journals Contents List of UK and European Legal e-Journals Aberdeen Student Law Review Advising Business Anglo-American Law Review Arbitration Arbitration Law ... Read more...
20. EURATOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euratom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community) and Europe There is an entry on euratom (european atomic energy community) in the European legal [...]...
21. Economic and Monetary Union Economic and Monetary Union and the European Union Resources See Also EMU...
22. Social Charter Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
23. Charter of Paris Charter of Paris and Europe There is an entry on charter of paris in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Charter of Paris" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
24. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 5 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 16 Examination of the reports The reports presented to the ... Read more...
25. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Part I General provisions Article 1 Definitions For the purposes of ... Read more...
26. European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe 2 Contents European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe   Article 10 Each Party undertakes: i to ... Read more...
27. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
28. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 4 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 12 Cultural activities and facilities With regard to cultural activities ... Read more...
29. Benelux Economic Union Benelux Economic Union Outline The Benelux Economic Union was based on the Treaty of Economic Union signed by Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in The Hague in 1958. The treaty came into force in 1960, but the economic cooperation among the three countries goes back a long way to 1932, [...]...
30. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
31. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
32. Grouping of Contacts Resources See Also Center of gravity doctrine...
33. Blood Grouping Test Resources See Also Blood test evidence DNA identification...
34. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
35. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
36. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
37. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
38. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
39. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
40. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
41. European Budget Budget and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Budget provided by the European Union Commission: All the Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts. The budget is governed by several principles, including: • unity: [...]...
42. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
43. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
44. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
45. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
46. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
47. European Anthem European Anthem and Europe There is an entry on european anthem in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Anthem" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
48. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
49. European Idea The European Idea and Europe There is an entry on the european idea in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The European Idea" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
50. European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
51. European Identity European Identity and Europe There is an entry on european identity in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Identity" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
52. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
53. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
54. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
55. European Court of Human Rights Introduction to European Court of Human Rights European Court of Human Rights, court established in 1950 by the signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights to police oppressive activities of governments. In the aftermath of World War II (1939-1945), and in particular the atrocities [...]...
56. European Common Commercial Policy Article 133 (ex-Article 113) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Article 133 (ex-Article 113) provided by the European Union Commission: Article 133 of the EC Treaty allows the European Union to negotiate, conclude and implement trade agreements with other countries of the [...]...
57. European Security and Defence Identity European security and defence identity and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European security and defence identity provided by the European Union Commission: The idea of developing a European defence identity has been prompted by two considerations: • For some years now [...]...
58. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
59. Expression of Interest Expression of Interest (EOI) in International Trade Meaning of Expression of Interest (EOI), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A summary from a potential supplier that shows they are interested in and capable of delivering particular goods or services. [...]...
60. Effective Interest Rate Also known as the real interest rate, the return to capital derived by adjusting the nominal rate of interest for inflation. For example, a bond may bear a nominal rate of interest (the rate that the instrument pays) of 10 percent; by deducting the rate of inflation—say, 4 percent—we derive the ......
61. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
62. Economic Space European Economic Space and Europe There is an entry on european economic space in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Space" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
63. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
64. Economic Area European Economic Area (EEA) and Europe There is an entry on european economic area (eea) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Area (EEA)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
65. Economic Partnership Agreements EPA and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EPA provided by the European Union Commission: Economic Partnership Agreements: The ACP countries and the EU have agreed to enter into economic integration agreements - concluding newWTO compatible trading arrangements, progressively [...]...
66. Economic and Social Committee Economic and Social Committee (ESC) and Europe There is an entry on economic and social committee (esc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Economic and Social Committee and the European Union Resources See Also ESC Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Economic and Social [...]...
67. European Law European law and the European Union Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Femmes, Migration, Et Prostitution En Europe: Il N'Est Pas Question De "Travail De Sexe", Anna Zobnina, Sep 2017 Why We Must Oppose The Full Decriminalization Of Prostitution, [...]...
68. European Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
69. European Convention on Nationality 2 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter V – Multiple nationality Article 14 – Cases of multiple nationality ex lege ... Read more...
70. European Landscape Convention Contents European Landscape Convention The purpose of the Convention is to provide an instrument devoted to the protection, management and ... Read more...
71. European Union law Part 1 Contents European Union law Part 1   1 European Union law International and Comparative Law Quarterly Volume 60, Number 2, ... Read more...
72. European Union law Part 2 Contents European Union law Part 2   14 The Akzo ruling of the Court of Justice and the Private Enforcement ... Read more...
73. European Union law Part 3 Contents European Union law Part 3   23 Determining Jurisdiction in International License Agreements: Falco Privatstiftung (C-533/07) [2009] E.C.R. I-0000 ... Read more...
74. European Union law Part 4 Contents European Union law Part 4   32 European Union Food Law Update: A Special Look at the Treaty of ... Read more...
75. European Union law Part 5 Contents European Union law Part 5   45 Barriers to Financing: Is European Union Indirect Discrimination Law the Answer for ... Read more...
76. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 6   65 RELIGION AS A BASIS OF LAW IN THE PUBLIC ORDER OF THE ... Read more...
77. European Union law Part 7 Contents European Union law Part 7   79 Case Law of the European Union Courts – Leading Judgments 16 December ... Read more...
78. European Union law Part 8 Contents European Union law Part 8   96 European Union Environmental Law-Who Legislates for Whom in a Devolved Great Britain ... Read more...
79. European Union law Part 9 Contents European Union law Part 9   121 European Union and Controversial Biotechnologies-Technology, Economy, Ethics, Politics and Law in United ... Read more...
80. European Union law Part 10 Contents European Union law Part 10   141 European Union law as a Legal System in a Comparative Perspective. Zeno-Zencovich, ... Read more...
81. European Union law Part 11 Contents European Union law Part 11   159 Basic Conditions of Company Law and Tax Legislation forthe Third Sector in ... Read more...
82. European Union law Part 12 Contents European Union law Part 12   168 The Rule of law and the coherence of the judicial system of ... Read more...
83. European Union law Part 13 Contents European Union law Part 13   181 Competition Law and Policy in the European Union OECD Journal of Competition ... Read more...
84. European Union law Part 14 Contents European Union law Part 14   201 Insider Trading Regulations in the Context of the Principle of ‘ Rule ... Read more...
85. European Union law Part 15 Contents European Union law Part 15   216 The European Union 2005 in Luxembourg: Recent Developments in the Case Law ... Read more...
86. European Union law Part 16 Contents European Union law Part 16   221 The Uneasy Case for Top-Down Corporate Law Harmonization in the European Union ... Read more...
87. European Union law Part 17 Contents European Union law Part 17   227 DUAL LEGAL BASES IN EC ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVISITED: NOTE ON THE JUDGMENTS ... Read more...
88. European Union law Part 18 Contents European Union law Part 18   240 RACHAEL CRAUFURD SMITH (ed.), Culture and European Union law Maastricht Journal of ... Read more...
89. European Union law Part 19 Contents European Union law Part 19   250 Merger Remedies in American and European Union Competition Law edited by François ... Read more...
90. European Union law Part 20 Contents European Union law Part 20   268 A review of the regulation of payment facilities Rhys Bollen Journal of ... Read more...
91. European Union law Part 21 Contents European Union law Part 21   277 T. HERVEY and J. McHALE, Health Law and the European Union, Cambridge ... Read more...
92. European Union law Part 22 Contents European Union law Part 22   299 Joint Ventures: Treatment under New Zealand, United States and European Competition Law ... Read more...
93. European Union law Part 23 Contents European Union law Part 23   310 Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union law Valerie Junod ... Read more...
94. European Union law Part 24 Contents European Union law Part 24   329 Enhancing the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: Why the United States ... Read more...
95. European Union law Part 25 Contents European Union law Part 25   342 IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: LESSONS FROM THE BATHING WATER ... Read more...
96. European Union law Part 26 Contents European Union law Part 26   352 M.R. Joelson, An International Antitrust Primer: A Guide to the Operation of ... Read more...
97. European Union law Part 27 Contents European Union law Part 27   372 Constructing Common Cultures: The Ontological and Normative Dimensions of Law in the ... Read more...
98. European Union law Part 28 Contents European Union law Part 28   377 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR INDIGENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ... Read more...
99. European Union law Part 29 Contents European Union law Part 29   383 ‘NEGATIVE’ AND ‘POSITIVE’ HARMONIZATION OF Labor law IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Catherine ... Read more...
100. European Union law Part 30 Contents European Union law Part 30   401 Judicial Enforcement of WTO Law in the European Union Some Further Reflections ... Read more...
101. European Union law Part 31 Contents European Union law Part 31   411 Information Law: The Commercial Exploitation of Private Sector Information in the European ... Read more...
102. European Union law Part 31 2 Contents European Union law Part 31   425 ETHICS AS REGULATORY OBLIGATION IN THE FIELD OF NOVEL FOODS AND FOOD ... Read more...
103. European Cultural Convention Contents European Cultural Convention   Article 1 Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate measures to safeguard and to encourage the ... Read more...
104. European Energy Charter   PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Treaty: (1) "Charter"means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the [...]...
105. European Energy Charter 5 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 2 PURPOSE OF THE TREATY This Treaty establishes a legal framework in order to ... Read more...
106. European Energy Charter 6 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 7 TRANSIT (1) Each Contracting Party shall take the necessary measures to facilitate the ... Read more...
107. European Energy Charter 7 Contents European Energy Charter   PART III INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTION ARTICLE 10 PROMOTION, PROTECTION AND TREATMENT OF INVESTMENTS (1) ... Read more...
108. European Energy Charter 8 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 11 KEY PERSONNEL (1) A Contracting Party shall, subject to its laws and regulations ... Read more...
109. European Energy Charter 9 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 16 RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS Where two or more Contracting Parties have entered into ... Read more...
110. European Energy Charter 10 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 20 TRANSPARENCY (1) Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application which ... Read more...
111. European Energy Charter 11 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 24 EXCEPTIONS (1) This Article shall not apply to Articles 12, 13 and 29. ... Read more...
112. European Energy Charter 12 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 27 Settlement of Disputes BETWEEN CONTRACTING PARTIES (1) Contracting Parties shall endeavour to settle ... Read more...
113. European Energy Charter 2 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 31 ENERGY-RELATED EQUIPMENT The provisional Charter Conference shall at its first meeting commence examination ... Read more...
114. European Energy Charter 3 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 35 SECRETARIAT (1) In carrying out its duties, the Charter Conference shall have a ... Read more...
115. European Energy Charter 4 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 42 AMENDMENTS (1) Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. (2) The ... Read more...
116. European Convention on Nationality Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter I – General matters Article 1 – Object of the Convention This Convention ... Read more...
117. European Convention on Nationality 3 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter VIII – Co-operation between the States Parties Article 23 – Co-operation between the ... Read more...
118. Enlargement of the European Union Contents Enlargement of the European Union In the 1950s, the EU began with just six member states. It now has ... Read more...
119. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
120. European Currency Unit Summary of European Currency Unit The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) European Currency Unit and the European Union Resources See Also ECU...