Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. EURATOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euratom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community) and Europe There is an entry on euratom (european atomic energy community) in the European legal [...]...
2. European Union law Part 17 Contents European Union law Part 17   227 DUAL LEGAL BASES IN EC ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVISITED: NOTE ON THE JUDGMENTS ... Read more...
3. Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on charter on fundamental rights of the european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "fundamental rights of the european union, charter on" in the [...]...
4. Benelux Benelux Summary of Benelux An acronym for Belgium-Nether- lands-Luxembourg. Following World War II, the three nations formed a customs union with long- range objectives of establishing a single monetary and fiscal system. The localized objectives of the three Benelux countries were [...]...
5. Court of Justice of the European Communities Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of Justice of the European Communities provided by the European Union Commission: The Court of Justice is composed of the same number of judges as there are Member States. At present it has [...]...
6. EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
7. EEC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eec explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EEC and Europe There is an entry on eec in the European legal encyclopedia. EEC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
8. European Union law Part 31 Contents European Union law Part 31   411 Information Law: The Commercial Exploitation of Private Sector Information in the European ... Read more...
9. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
10. Eurocrats Summary of Eurocrats Employees of the secretariat of the European Communities or its agencies.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Eurocrats and Europe There is an entry on eurocrats in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Eurocrats" [...]...
11. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
12. Coal European Coal and Steel Community (ecsc) and Europe There is an entry on european coal and steel community (ecsc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Coal and [...]...
13. WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
14. European Union law Part 20 Contents European Union law Part 20   268 A review of the regulation of payment facilities Rhys Bollen Journal of ... Read more...
15. The Six Summary of The Six The member states of the European Communities (Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) prior to the enlargement of the community to embrace Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark (all in 1972) and Greece (1981).(Main Author: [...]...
16. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
17. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
18. Council of Europe Hello Council Of Europe Summary of Council Of Europe An association of twenty- one European states formed to identify and collectively pursue areas of common interest, and to provide a forum for the articulation of European unity. The council was formed by treaty in London on May 5, 1949; [...]...
19. Trans-European Networks Trans-european Networks (TENs) and Europe There is an entry on trans-european networks (tens) in the European legal encyclopedia. Trans-European networks and the European Union Resources See Also TENs Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trans-european Networks (TENs)" in the [...]...
20. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
21. Single European Act Single European Act and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also SEA...
22. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
23. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
24. European Union law Part 11 Contents European Union law Part 11   159 Basic Conditions of Company Law and Tax Legislation forthe Third Sector in ... Read more...
25. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
26. European Union and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to european union and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
27. Commission of the European Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
28. European Union law Part 10 Contents European Union law Part 10   141 European Union law as a Legal System in a Comparative Perspective. Zeno-Zencovich, ... Read more...
29. Energy Charter Treaty Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) This section provides an overview of energy charter treaty (ect) within the legal context of Energy Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Kaj Hobér, "Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)," Elgar [...]...
30. European Union law Part 13 Contents European Union law Part 13   181 Competition Law and Policy in the European Union OECD Journal of Competition ... Read more...
31. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
32. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
33. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
34. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
35. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
36. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
37. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
38. European Court of Human Rights Introduction to European Court of Human Rights European Court of Human Rights, court established in 1950 by the signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights to police oppressive activities of governments. In the aftermath of World War II (1939-1945), and in particular the atrocities [...]...
39. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
40. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
41. European Social Charter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european social charter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
42. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
43. European Organization for Nuclear Research European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) The European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated as CERN (from the French 'Conseil européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire' or European Council for Nuclear Research, as its predecessor was called), is the [...]...
44. Native Communities Embracing mainstream international law, this section on native communities explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "native communities" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
45. Graeco-bulgarian Communities Opinion Embracing mainstream international law, this section on graeco-bulgarian communities opinion explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "graeco-bulgarian communities opinion" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
46. European Landscape Convention Contents European Landscape Convention The purpose of the Convention is to provide an instrument devoted to the protection, management and ... Read more...
47. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
48. European Recovery Program Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II program to assist the reconstruction of Europe. The plan was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947 and implemented by the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. During the course of the program, U.S. $13.6 billion in assistanc......
49. European Court of Justice Introduction to European Court of Justice European Court of Justice, court of law of the European Union (EU), established in 1957. The court is charged with ruling on all questions brought before it concerning the founding treaties of the EU and legislation made under those treaties. Since [...]...
50. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
51. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
52. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
53. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
54. European Social Fund European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
55. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
56. European Regional Development Fund European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
57. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
58. Belligerent Communities Recognition of Recognition of Belligerent CommunitiesIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Belligerent Communities, Recognition of Recognition of Belligerent Communities : The formal acknowledgment by a state of the existence of a civil war between another [...]...
59. Local Communities Cloud Governance at the Local Communities, the Law and other Social Sciences This book chapter conceptualizes the plan of an autonomous community to cover the information technology needs by adopting cloud computing on a community level. Community cloud computing is a solution with many [...]...
60. Communities of Practice Communities of Practice as a Source of Open Innovation, the Law and other Social Sciences In this entry, we first define this new form of learning and knowledge management that is communities of practice. We present the concept as described by the creators of the concept but also comment on [...]...
61. Enlargement of the European Union Contents Enlargement of the European Union In the 1950s, the EU began with just six member states. It now has ... Read more...
62. European Monetary System Summary of European Monetary System A mechanism established by the European Communities to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations among the members and establish a zone of "monetary stability in Europe."The EMS is, in part, a fulfillment of the 1970 Werner Report (read this and [...]...
63. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
64. European Terms An expression of the value of any foreign currency in terms of how many units equal one dollar; effective September 1, 1979, most New York banks employed this foreign currency method for transactions.......
65. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
66. European Budget Budget and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Budget provided by the European Union Commission: All the Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts. The budget is governed by several principles, including: • unity: [...]...
67. European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
68. European Neighbourhood Policy European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) The European Neighbourhood Policy, abbreviated as ENP, was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged European Union (EU) and its neighbours to the South and East Through the ENP, the EU offers [...]...
69. European Convention on Cybercrime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on cybercrime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cybercrime, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
70. European Convention on Extradition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on extradition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "extradition, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
71. European Integration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european integration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european integration" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
72. European Law of Nations Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european law of nations explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european law of nations" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
73. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
74. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
75. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
76. European Idea The European Idea and Europe There is an entry on the european idea in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The European Idea" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
77. European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
78. European Identity European Identity and Europe There is an entry on european identity in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Identity" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
79. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
80. European Agricultural Guidance And Guarantee Fund Common Agricultrural Policy is considered here.......
81. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
82. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
83. European Common Commercial Policy Article 133 (ex-Article 113) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Article 133 (ex-Article 113) provided by the European Union Commission: Article 133 of the EC Treaty allows the European Union to negotiate, conclude and implement trade agreements with other countries of the [...]...
84. European Security and Defence Identity European security and defence identity and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European security and defence identity provided by the European Union Commission: The idea of developing a European defence identity has been prompted by two considerations: • For some years now [...]...
85. European Commission of Human Rights Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european commission of human rights explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european commission of human rights" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
86. European Laboratory for Particle Research Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european laboratory for particle research explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "european laboratory for particle research" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
87. European Economic Interest Grouping European Economic Interest Grouping and Europe There is an entry on european economic interest grouping in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Interest Grouping" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union [...]...
88. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
89. European Center for the Development of Vocational Training Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
90. European Law European law and the European Union Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Femmes, Migration, Et Prostitution En Europe: Il N'Est Pas Question De "Travail De Sexe", Anna Zobnina, Sep 2017 Why We Must Oppose The Full Decriminalization Of Prostitution, [...]...
91. European Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
92. European Convention on Nationality 2 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter V – Multiple nationality Article 14 – Cases of multiple nationality ex lege ... Read more...
93. European Union law Part 1 Contents European Union law Part 1   1 European Union law International and Comparative Law Quarterly Volume 60, Number 2, ... Read more...
94. European Union law Part 2 Contents European Union law Part 2   14 The Akzo ruling of the Court of Justice and the Private Enforcement ... Read more...
95. European Union law Part 3 Contents European Union law Part 3   23 Determining Jurisdiction in International License Agreements: Falco Privatstiftung (C-533/07) [2009] E.C.R. I-0000 ... Read more...
96. European Union law Part 4 Contents European Union law Part 4   32 European Union Food Law Update: A Special Look at the Treaty of ... Read more...
97. European Union law Part 5 Contents European Union law Part 5   45 Barriers to Financing: Is European Union Indirect Discrimination Law the Answer for ... Read more...
98. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 6   65 RELIGION AS A BASIS OF LAW IN THE PUBLIC ORDER OF THE ... Read more...
99. European Union law Part 7 Contents European Union law Part 7   79 Case Law of the European Union Courts – Leading Judgments 16 December ... Read more...
100. European Union law Part 8 Contents European Union law Part 8   96 European Union Environmental Law-Who Legislates for Whom in a Devolved Great Britain ... Read more...
101. European Union law Part 9 Contents European Union law Part 9   121 European Union and Controversial Biotechnologies-Technology, Economy, Ethics, Politics and Law in United ... Read more...
102. European Union law Part 12 Contents European Union law Part 12   168 The Rule of law and the coherence of the judicial system of ... Read more...
103. European Union law Part 14 Contents European Union law Part 14   201 Insider Trading Regulations in the Context of the Principle of ‘ Rule ... Read more...
104. European Union law Part 15 Contents European Union law Part 15   216 The European Union 2005 in Luxembourg: Recent Developments in the Case Law ... Read more...
105. European Union law Part 16 Contents European Union law Part 16   221 The Uneasy Case for Top-Down Corporate Law Harmonization in the European Union ... Read more...
106. European Union law Part 18 Contents European Union law Part 18   240 RACHAEL CRAUFURD SMITH (ed.), Culture and European Union law Maastricht Journal of ... Read more...
107. European Union law Part 19 Contents European Union law Part 19   250 Merger Remedies in American and European Union Competition Law edited by François ... Read more...
108. European Union law Part 21 Contents European Union law Part 21   277 T. HERVEY and J. McHALE, Health Law and the European Union, Cambridge ... Read more...
109. European Union law Part 22 Contents European Union law Part 22   299 Joint Ventures: Treatment under New Zealand, United States and European Competition Law ... Read more...
110. European Union law Part 23 Contents European Union law Part 23   310 Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union law Valerie Junod ... Read more...
111. European Union law Part 24 Contents European Union law Part 24   329 Enhancing the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: Why the United States ... Read more...
112. European Union law Part 25 Contents European Union law Part 25   342 IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: LESSONS FROM THE BATHING WATER ... Read more...
113. European Union law Part 26 Contents European Union law Part 26   352 M.R. Joelson, An International Antitrust Primer: A Guide to the Operation of ... Read more...
114. European Union law Part 27 Contents European Union law Part 27   372 Constructing Common Cultures: The Ontological and Normative Dimensions of Law in the ... Read more...
115. European Union law Part 28 Contents European Union law Part 28   377 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR INDIGENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ... Read more...
116. European Union law Part 29 Contents European Union law Part 29   383 ‘NEGATIVE’ AND ‘POSITIVE’ HARMONIZATION OF Labor law IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Catherine ... Read more...
117. European Union law Part 30 Contents European Union law Part 30   401 Judicial Enforcement of WTO Law in the European Union Some Further Reflections ... Read more...
118. European Union law Part 31 2 Contents European Union law Part 31   425 ETHICS AS REGULATORY OBLIGATION IN THE FIELD OF NOVEL FOODS AND FOOD ... Read more...
119. European Energy Charter   PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Treaty: (1) "Charter"means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the [...]...
120. European Energy Charter 5 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 2 PURPOSE OF THE TREATY This Treaty establishes a legal framework in order to ... Read more...