Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Green Round Green Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Green Round: A term referring to a proposed new GATT Round of multilateral negotiations that would address environmental [...]...
2. Rebalancing Rebalancing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rebalancing: A term used in GATT agriculture negotiations, referring to the ability to shift import protection from one [...]...
3. Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries: [...]...
4. Functioning of the GATT System Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS): Designation for a negotiating group in the Uruguay Round [...]...
5. Pipeline Protection Pipeline Protection and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Pipeline Protection: In international negotiations on protection of intellectual property rights, refers to the [...]...
6. Eco-packaging Eco-packaging and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Eco-packaging: Refers to national regulations and programs to encourage recycling or reuse of product packaging and [...]...
7. Grey Area Grey Area Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grey Area Measures: Import relief measures taken outside the scope of GATT rules by countries seeking to protect [...]...
8. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
9. Nonviolation Complaints Nonviolation Complaints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nonviolation Complaints: In GATT dispute settlement negotiations, refers to provisions allowing the Contracting [...]...
10. Assimilation Assimilation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Assimilation: A term referring to national treatment in the protection of industrial property. SeeParis Convention....
11. Barriers to Trade Technical Barriers to Trade (also referred to as Standards) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Technical Barriers to Trade (also referred to as Standards): [...]...
12. Green Box Green Box and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Green Box: A term used in the context of GA TT negotiations on agriculture and on export subsidiesto refer to a category of [...]...
13. GATT Codes GATT Codes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Codes: Agreements negotiated under GATT auspices to remove or lessen the trade-distorting effects of nontariff measures [...]...
14. GATT Standing Committee GATT Standing Committee and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of GATT Standing Committee: A permanent body of GATT members dealing with a specific area of trade policy. Includes [...]...
15. Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Grandfather Clause: A provision in the GATT and other trade agreements permitting signatories to retain domestic [...]...
16. Market Access Negotiations Market Access Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Market Access Negotiations: In the context of the Uruguay Round as well as bilateral trade negotiations, [...]...
17. Madrid Agreement Madrid Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Madrid Agreement: Formal name is the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks. An [...]...
18. Snapback Snapback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Snapback: Provisions in a trade agreement that allow a signatory to temporarily rescind concessions under specified [...]...
19. Nontariff Barriers Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Barriers (NTBs): Measures other than tariffs that burden or restrict international trade. NTBs may [...]...
20. Commodity Agreement Commodity Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commodity Agreement: A formal international arrangement among exporters and importers of a commodity. Such [...]...
21. Framework Agreement Framework Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement: A package of agreements negotiated during the Tokyo Round, dealing with (a) differential and [...]...
22. Multilateral Steel Agreement Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multilateral Steel Agreement (MSA): A proposed agreement that would phase out tariffs, eliminate [...]...
23. Rollback Rollback and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rollback: A commitment to phase out all trade restrictions or policies that distort trade or bring them into conformity with [...]...
24. Ministerial Declaration Ministerial Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Ministerial Declaration: A decision by trade ministers of GATT members to launch a GATT Round of multilateral [...]...
25. Universal Copyright Convention Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Universal Copyright Convention (UCC): An international agreement on intellectual property [...]...
26. Procedural Protectionism Procedural Protectionism and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Procedural Protectionism: Abusive administration of import control procedures allowed under GATT (especially [...]...
27. Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Less-Developed Countries (LDCs): An alternative term for developing countries. [...]...
28. Havana Charter Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
29. Semiconductor Agreement Semiconductor Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Semiconductor Agreement: A bilateral agreement concluded in 1986 between the United States and Japan to open the [...]...
30. Protocol of Accession Protocol of Accession and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Accession: A legal document that recognizes the rights and obligations agreed to as a consequence of a [...]...
31. Non-application Non-application and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Non-application: In the context of Uruguay Round discussions of a proposed Multilateral Trade Organization, refers to a [...]...
32. Torquay Round Detais can be found in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).......
33. Exhaustion Exhaustion and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exhaustion: Refers to the doctrine that protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is "exhausted" or confined [...]...
34. Sectoral Reciprocity Sectoral Reciprocity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sectoral Reciprocity: The objective of equalizing levels of protection applying to international trade in a [...]...
35. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
36. Track Track I and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Track I: Designation for consolidated negotiating activities in the final phase of the Uruguay Roundconcerning market access in goods....
37. Plurilateral Plurilateral and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Plurilateral: In GATT parlance, refers to a consultation or negotiating session involving more than two countries [...]...
38. De Facto Membership De Facto Member of GATT and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of De Facto Member of GATT: A former dependency of a GATT member that since attaining independence has applied the [...]...
39. Forum Shopping Forum Shopping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Forum Shopping: Refers to the ability of countries to take advantage of differing procedures fordispute settlement under [...]...
40. Geneva Rounds Geneva Rounds and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Geneva Rounds: The first and fourth GATT Round of multilateral trade negotiations, held in Geneva, Switzerland. The [...]...
41. Annecy Round Annecy Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Annecy Round: The second GATT Round of multilateral trade negotiations, held in...
42. Auto Pact Auto Pact and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Auto Pact: (Formally known as the Automotive Products Trade Agreement.) A bilateral agreement signed in 1965 between the [...]...
43. Tariffication Tariffication and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariffication: Conversion of a quota or other nontariff barrier (NTB) to a tariff providing an equivalent amount of [...]...
44. Disciplines Disciplines and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Disciplines: In GATT parlance, refers to members' substantive obligations undertaken by members to refrain from [...]...
45. Right of Priority Right of Priority and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Right of Priority: The principle according to which an owner of industrial property applying for protection in any [...]...
46. Working Party Working Party and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Party: An ad hoc subgroup established by the GATT Council to address a specific trade policy issue, such as a [...]...
47. Import Surcharge Import Surcharge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Surcharge: A temporary tax on imports over and above established tariffs, usually enacted in times of economic [...]...
48. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
49. Quadrilateral Quadrilateral ("Quad") and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Quadrilateral ("Quad"): In GATT parlance, a meeting involving senior trade officials or [...]...
50. Tariff Rates Column 2 Rates and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Column 2 Rates: US tariff rates assessed on imports from countries not receiving most- favored-nationtreatment. Most [...]...
51. Counterfeit Code Counterfeit Code and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Counterfeit Code: A draft agreement, initiated in the closing stages of the Tokyo Round but never concluded, which [...]...
52. Modifications Modifications and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Modifications: Alteration or withdrawal of trade concessions previously made within GATT. Contracting Parties are [...]...
53. Exchange Controls Exchange Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exchange Controls: The rationing of foreign currencies and other instruments for settling international financial [...]...
54. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN): The highest-level group in the [...]...
55. Treatment Special and Differential Treatment (S&D) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Special and Differential Treatment (S&D): Preferential treatment given to industrial countries [...]...
56. Standstill Standstill and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standstill: A commitment undertaken at the outset of a GATT negotiation to refrain .from legislating or implementing new [...]...
57. Punta Del Este Declaration Punta del Este Declaration and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Punta del Este Declaration: A declaration adopted by trade ministers of GATT member countries in September [...]...
58. Upstream Subsidization Upstream Subsidization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Upstream Subsidization: An "indirect export subsidy," whereby a producer benefiting from a government [...]...
59. Voluntary Restraint Agreement Voluntary Restraint Agreement (VRA) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Voluntary Restraint Agreement (VRA): An arrangement by which an exporting country takes steps [...]...
60. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System Process and Production Methods (PPMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Process and Production Methods (PPMs): In the context of environmental trade measures, refers to [...]...
61. Uruguay Round Uruguay Round and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Uruguay Round: The eighth GAIT Round, launched in 1986 with 105 countries participating, and extended in December 1990 [...]...
62. Non-Paper Non-Paper Non-Paper and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Non-Paper: In GATT parlance, a proposed agreement or negotiating text circulated informally among delegations for [...]...
63. Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes betweenStates and Nationals of Other States Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Convention on Settlement of Investment [...]...
64. Working Requirement Working Requirement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Requirement: A term associated with the lapse of intellectual property protection --or the granting of [...]...
65. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
66. Economic Summit Economic Summit and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Economic Summit: Although the term can be used more generally, its most prominent use is in referring to the annual [...]...
67. Sensitive Products Sensitive Products and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sensitive Products: Goods produced by a domestic industry employing large numbers of workers, for which the costs of [...]...
68. Horizontal Reduction Horizontal Reduction and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Horizontal Reduction: Negotiated cuts in tariff rates by the same percentage for all parties to an agreement. Also [...]...
69. Protocol of Provisional Application Protocol of Provisional Application and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Protocol of Provisional Application: The legal device that enabled the original Contracting Parties [...]...
70. Appellations of Origin Appellations of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Appellations of Origin: (Also referred to as "geographic indications of origin.") The name of a [...]...
71. Concessions Schedule of Concessions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Schedule of Concessions: A list of import duties applicable to specific goods which a GATT Contracting Party [...]...
72. Call Call and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Call: A request by an importing country for consultations with an exporting country concerning products whose shipments during a [...]...
73. Notification Notification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Notification: In the context of GATT, refers to the procedure of informing the GATT Secretariat of a change in a [...]...
74. Surveillance Body Surveillance Body and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Surveillance Body: A body created at the outset of the Uruguay Round to monitor participating countries' trade [...]...
75. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
76. Structural Impediments Initiative Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Structural Impediments Initiative (SII): A series of bilateral negotiations begun in 1989 by the [...]...
77. Normal Value Normal Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Normal Value: An alternative term for fair value....
78. Madrid Union Madrid Union and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Madrid Union: Formal name is the Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods. [...]...
79. Sanitary Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Health and safety standards affecting imports. [...]...
80. Administrative Review Administrative Review and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Administrative Review: In unfair trade cases, a mechanism for parties to a case to appeal a ruling on [...]...
81. Cross-Retaliation Cross-Retaliation and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Cross-Retaliation: Retaliation in one sector of trade, such as agriculture, to counter unfair actions or violations of [...]...
82. Degressivity Degressivity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Degressivity: The characteristic of a trade restriction, which diminishes in severity over time. A degressive measure could [...]...
83. Domestic Content Requirement Domestic Content Requirement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Domestic Content Requirement: A requirement that foreign firms selling a particular product must use goods [...]...
84. Framework Agreements Framework Agreements and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement (2): Also known as a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, or TIFA. A bilateral agreement [...]...
85. Social Dumping Social Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Social Dumping: An unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its rivals in foreign markets [...]...
86. Circumvention Circumvention and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Circumvention: Measures taken by exporting companies to forestall or evade the payment of penalty charges in an importing [...]...
87. Offer List A list of products, usually prepared in conjunction with multilateral trade negotiations, upon which a nation is prepared to negotiate trade liberalization; the list may also identify products that are to be specifically exempted from discussion.......
88. Berne Convention Definition of Berne Convention In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Berne Convention : The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: an international convention of September 1886 that sets out ground rules for protection of [...]...
89. Framework Initiative Framework Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Initiative: (Also known as the New Economic Partnership). An initiative launched by the United States in [...]...
90. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
91. Anticircumvention Duty Anticircumvention Duty and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Anticircumvention Duty: A term used by the European Community for penalty charges imposed on the output of [...]...
92. Sherpa Sherpa and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Sherpa: An official of sub-cabinet rank from each of the major industrial countries responsible for coordinating his or her [...]...
93. Environmental Measures Group on Environmental Measures and International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Environmental Measures and International Trade: A standing GATT committee for discussions and negotiations concerning [...]...
94. Trade-Related Investment Measures Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs): Designation for a Uruguay Round "' [...]...
95. Environmental Dumping Environmental Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Dumping: Refers to an unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its [...]...
96. Wto Agreement on Trade-related Investment Measures The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
97. Nontariff Measures Nontariff Measures (NTMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nontariff Measures (NTMs): A broader term than NTBs, including not only import-restricting barriers but also [...]...
98. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
99. Environmental Law The Legal History of Environmental Law This section provides an overview of Environmental Law Contents of Environmental Law Contents of this subject matter include: The Nature of Environmental Law What is environmental law? Growth of environmental law The social and legal context [...]...
100. Environmental Crime Contents Environmental Crime Environmental Crime: Factors for Presecution in the United States Introduction to Factors to be Considered Where the ... Read more...
101. Environmental Protection Communities of all sizes, from townships to the national government, establish laws that govern how individuals acting within the community are to conduct themselves. The environment is arguably one of the newest considerations to be decided by and incorporated into the body of the law. The [...]...
102. Environmental Issues Environmental Issues and the World Trade Organization Environmental Issues in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
103. Environmental Safety Environmental Safety (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Environmental Safety means: Guaranteeing the prevention of environmentally significant natural or anthropogenic disasters; the extent to which preserve the health of the population from existing or expected environmental [...]...
104. Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sustainability (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Environmental Sustainability means: in ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time, a necessary precondition for human wellbeing. Long-lived and healthy wetlands [...]...
105. Environmental Ethics Contents of Environmental Ethics Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction Theories of Justice Theories of Environmental Justice Theories of Environmental Justice Theories of Ecological Justice Environmental Ethics Relationship of Environmental and Ecological Justice to [...]...
106. Environmental Policy Literature Review on Environmental Policy in Brazil In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Rebecca Neaera Abers offers the following summary about the topic of Environmentalism and Environmental Policy in Brazil: This entry argues that since the origin of [...]...
107. Environmental Pollution Land and Air Pollution and Related Issues In relation to the international law practice and land and air pollution and related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About this subject:Sustainable [...]...
108. Environmental Taxes This section provides an overview of environmental taxes within the legal context of International Economic Law and Sustainable Development in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Alice Pirlot, "Environmental Taxes," Elgar Encyclopedia of [...]...
109. Environmental Processes The Role of Environmental Processes and Production Methods This section provides an overview of the role of environmental processes and production methods within the legal context of International Economic Law and Sustainable Development in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges)....
110. Environmental Services This section provides an overview of environmental services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Mireille Cossy, "Environmental [...]...
111. Environmental Liability Environmental Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to environmental liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
112. Environmental Requirements Environmental Requirements in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Environmental Requirements covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
113. Environmental Regulations Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of environmental regulations, with a description of the most significant features of environmental regulations at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) V. 8, 2017 Masthead, [...]...
114. Environmental Management Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
115. Environmental Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
116. Environmental Degradation Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
117. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
118. Environmental Deterioration Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Disaster...
119. Environmental and Social Theories of Crime Contents Environmental and Social Theories of Crime The most common criminological theories attribute criminal motivation to environmental or social factors ... Read more...
120. Enforcement of Environmental Rights Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Rights In relation to the implementation and enforcement of environmental rights and constitutional law, James R May and Erin Daly[1] made the following observation: Environmental rights are a primary facet of 'environmental [...]...