Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Right to Free Movement Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
2. Access to Land Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
3. Data Processing Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
4. Social Status Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
5. Freedom of the Press Introduction to Freedom of the Press Freedom of the Press, immunity of the communications media-including newspapers, books, magazines, radio, and television-from government control or censorship. Freedom of the press is regarded as fundamental to individual rights. Without free media, a free [...]...
6. Land Rights Concept of Land Rights Land Rights may be defined as: Refers to the rights of people to land, either individually or collectively. These rights include the rights of access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, alienation, and others. They can also include the rights to various natural resources [...]...
7. Freedom of Association Freedom of Association in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: Freedom of association is the right to meet and interact freely, without the interference of the state or others. This is slightly different than freedom of assembly, because assembly refers to the ability [...]...
8. Political Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) in Election Law The ICCPR builds on the right to political participation by further detailing the requirements associated with elections that are a key part of this right. Article 25 of the ICCPR has been referred to as 'the [...]...
9. Race Relations Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of race relations, with a description of the most significant features of race relations at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political [...]...
10. Civil Rights And Civil Liberties Civil Rights and Civil LibertiesCivil Rights and Civil Liberties, political and social concepts referring to guarantees of freedom, justice, and equality that a state may make to its citizens. Although the terms have no precise meaning in law and are sometimes used interchangeably, distinct......
11. Freedom of Speech Limits Introduction to Freedom of Speech LimitsAs with other forms and modes of liberty, completely unrestricted freedom of expression leads to infringement on the rights of others, and it has long been recognized that restraints on liberty of utterance are necessary and inevitable. The nature and......
12. Freedom of Speech History Introduction to Freedom of Speech HistoryThe modern concept of freedom of speech emerged gradually during the struggles of the Middle Ages. In England, for example, the struggle for freedom of speech extended from the 16th through the 18th centuries and was a vital part of the larger strugg......
13. Right to Freedom In relation to the right to freedom and constitutional law, Fernando Simón Yarza[1] made the following observation: Understood as a political principle, the right to freedom constitutes one of the pillars of the constitutional state, not to say its cornerstone. Certainly all the [...]...
14. Civil Rights Related Fields Related topics include: Civil Liberty Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Civil Right Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Legal Right Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Citizen Freedom Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
15. Primary Education In relation to the primary education and constitutional law, Pablo Meix Cereceda[1] made the following observation: 'Primary education' is one of the expressions most frequently used by constitutions around the world when they refer to school education of children [...]...
16. Constitutional Law (Disambiguation) Contents Constitutional Law (Disambiguation) Constitutional Law See Constitutional Law Constitutional Law, system of fundamental principles on the organization of a ... Read more...
17. Civil and Political Rights Definition of Civil and Political Rights Within the context of international human rights, the following is a brief meaning of civil and political rights: The rights of citizens to liberty and equality; sometimes referred to as first generation rights. Civil rights include freedom to worship, [...]...
18. Freedom of Teaching In relation to the freedom of teaching and constitutional law, Valentina Cardinale[1] made the following observation: Freedom of teaching can be broadly defined as the individual right of teachers to exercise their profession without any political, religious or ideological restraint. The [...]...
19. Censorship Problems Censorship Current Problems and TrendsIn the 20th century, as in all previous history, freedom from censorship has been the exception in the world. The rule has been, and continues to be, repression, suppression, and oppression. It may, however, be considered a sign of political and social ......
20. Civic Education Civic Education in Election Law Didactic programme that takes into account the relationship between citizen participation and democracy, in particular the role and responsibility of the individual, government, political organisations, interest groups and the media. The objective is both to [...]...
21. Freedom of Speech and of the Press References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Freedom of Speech Press Media Law...
22. Hate Speech In relation to the hate speech and constitutional law, Uladzislau Belavusau[1] made the following observation: 'Hate speech' consists of verbal or non-verbal communication that involves hostility directed towards particular social groups, most often on the grounds of race and [...]...
23. Censorship In The World Censorship Censorship in the Modern WorldThe 18th century marks the beginning of the modern period, with its emphasis on toleration and liberty-a beginning that reflects the influence of the Age of Enlightenment and the American and French revolutions (see Enlightenment, Age of). Although t......
24. Constitutional Freedom Resources See Also Bill of rights Constitutional liberty or freedomV...
25. Training Personnel Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training Student Student Rights Higher Education Law School Teachers...
26. Economic Rights Economic Rights, Social Rights, Cultural Rights in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 24, 2011, Michael H. Posner, Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [...]...
27. Environmental Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
28. Economic Studies Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
29. Evening Class Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
30. Elementary Education Resources See Also Educational Attainment Educational Level Secondary Education Tertiary Education...
31. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Introduction to Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitizenDeclaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, revolutionary manifesto adopted on August 26, 1789, by the National Assembly of France and attached as the preamble to the new constitution of 1791. It was written princip......
32. Freedom of Art In relation to the freedom of art and constitutional law, Eleni Polymenopoulou[1] made the following observation: 1 Freedom and artistic creation are intrinsically linked: 'The essence of artistic endeavour lies in the free creative process whereby the artist, in his chosen [...]...
33. Occupation Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Appraisal Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Educational Assessment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Occupation Find this subject in this World [...]...
34. Freedom of Religion Introduction to Freedom of Religion Freedom of Religion, right of a person to form personal religious beliefs according to his or her own conscience and to give public expression to these beliefs in worship and teaching, restricted only by the requirements of public order. Religious liberty [...]...
35. Training Center Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
36. Training Facilities Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
37. Training Site Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
38. Educational Needs Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
39. Educational Appraisal Cross References of Educational Issues, Cultural Issues in International Law Claim for compensation for seized art (Cassirer), information on International Claims and State Responsability in this legal Encyclopedia, information on Privileges and Immunities in this legal Encyclopedia.A.2.b. [...]...
40. Educational Infrastructures Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Infrastructure Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Equal Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia....
41. Educational Level Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Attainment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Educational Level Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Secondary Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Tertiary Education Find this subject [...]...
42. Educational Games Educational Serious Games Design: an Overview, the Law and other Social Sciences Serious games are defined as games in which learning has priority over entertainment. While the entertainment industry is characterized by an established game design paradigm, the foregrounding of learning in [...]...
43. Educational Technology Educational Technology and Intellectual Property, the Law and other Social Sciences Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyright attempts to protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the needs for access. As technologies [...]...
44. Educational Services This section provides an overview of educational services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Antoni Verger and Xavier Bonal, "Educational [...]...
45. Educational Issues Educational Issues, Cultural Issues In relation to the international law practice and Educational Issues, Cultural Issues, please see the information on this world legal Encyclopedia. Resources See Also Educational Issues Cultural Issues...
46. Educational Grant Resources See Also Education Finance Training Finance...
47. Educational Opportunity Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
48. Educational Guidance Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
49. Educational Innovation Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
50. Educational Facilities Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
51. Educational Institution Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
52. Educational Radio Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
53. Educational Infrastructure Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
54. Educational Administration Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
55. Educational Policy Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Education Policy Training Policy...
56. Educational Development Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
57. Educational Expenditure Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
58. Educational Wastage Resources See Also Student Student Rights Higher Education Law School Teacher...
59. Educational Leave Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
60. Educational Aspect Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
61. Educational Research Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
62. Educational Television Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
63. Educational Planning Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
64. Educational Reform Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
65. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Outline UNESCO was set up in 1945 as a specialised and independent agency of the UN. Its main task is to promote international cooperation in the areas of [...]...
66. Elections Election and Political Law Genuine Elections in Election Law In the field of elections, this term implies the presence of conditions for a level playing field in the electoral race. This mainly includes the exercise of political rights and freedoms, having parties and candidates competing on [...]...
67. Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity in Election Law Provision to all citizens of the conditions necessary so that they may exercise their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights regardless of gender, race, religion, language, wealth or other factors. In terms of elections, equal opportunity is [...]...
68. Equality Equality Before the Law in the CEDAW Article 15: of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) stipulates, in relation to Equality Before the Law, that all countries are required to ensure that women are given equality before the law. In particular, [...]...
69. EC Charter Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
70. EC Social Charter Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
71. Equal Treatment Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
72. Education "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." -- Alvin Toffler See Education links History of Education In the following treatment of this subject, the theory and early history of education is [...]...
73. Education links Contents Education links Here you may find a source of Education links. You and Lawi can include more educational links. ... Read more...
74. Education and culture international conventions Contents Education and culture international conventions Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe 3.10.1985 Agreement Establishing a ... Read more...
75. U.S. Constitution law resources Contents U.S. Constitution law resources Primary Sources United States Code Annotated . West Pub. Co., 1927-. 2d floor Annotated edition ... Read more...
76. U.S. Constitution topics excluding cases Contents List of United States Constitution topics excluding cases af?rmative action Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. See speci?c amendments American ... Read more...
77. Moralization of international politic and law Contents Moralization of international politic and law Despite the proliferation of International Organizations and cooperation regimes, the state of current ... Read more...
78. Edward Henry Carson Edward Henry Carson, Baron Carson (9 February 1854, Dublin, Ireland 22 October 1935, Kent, England), often known as Sir Edward ... Read more...
79. Human Rights Introduction to Human Rights "Since World War II international law has become increasingly concerned with the protection of human rights. It has provided improved procedures for that purpose within the UN. This new emphasis has also been manifested in the adoption by the UN of the [...]...
80. Censorship Introduction Censorship, supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a society. In modern times, censorship refers to the examination of books, periodicals, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other [...]...
81. Magna Carta Legal Materials Pictures and translations of the Magna Carta are posted on the Internet by the National Archives and Records Administration and the British Library. You'll find a print copy in the American Jurisprudence 2d Deskbook. Abstract The Magna Carta (literally, the [...]...
82. Edge Act Corporation A federally chartered bank formed under authority of the Edge Act of 1919 (Section 25 A of the Federal Reserve Act) exclusively for the purpose of engaging in international transactions. The Edge Act permits a commercial bank, through the formation of a subsidiary under Section 25 (A), to overcome t......
83. Visa Summary of Visa A stamp or seal placed on invoices or other shipping documents by consular officials in connection with export shipments; also a stamp placed in a passport by a foreign official as a permit to enter the country.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Introduction to Visa [...]...
84. Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties Contents Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties Title: Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties Volumes: 3v. ISBN: 9780313327582 ... Read more...
85. Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties Title: Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties Reviews...
86. Education Law Education Law Contents School safety Commercialism in schools School facilities Religion in public schools Free speech and expression Internet use by Students Student organizations/clubs Part-time admission of students Student medicine Student records [...]...
87. Data Protection Governments and regulators around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws or regulations in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are often [...]...
88. Freedom of Speech Introduction to Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, freedom of expression, both oral and written, from governmental prior restraint, except as such expression constitutes libel, slander, obscenity, sedition, or criminal conduct such as bribery, perjury, or incitement to riot. In the U.S., [...]...
89. Nationality Introduction to Nationality Nationality, in law, condition or status of belonging to, or having legal identity with, a nation or state. In various political systems a distinction is made between nationality and citizenship; the latter represents a higher political status, usually involving [...]...
90. Naturalization Introduction to Naturalization Naturalization, process by which a state confers its citizenship or nationality on a foreigner. The U.S. confers all the privileges of citizenship, except eligibility to the presidency and vice-presidency. The federal government has exclusive right to grant [...]...
91. Passport Introduction to Passport Passport, document of nationality and identity usually granted only to a person who is a national of the issuing country for identification and protection when traveling abroad. It is also a formal permit authorizing the holder to leave and return to the nation of [...]...
92. Civil Liberties The Legal History of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties in United States Law This section provides an overview of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties in United States Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on civil liberties explores the context, history and effect of the area of [...]...
93. Edict The Legal History of Praetor's EdictThis section provides an overview of Praetor's Edict ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Praetor's Edict in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University [...]...
94. Edward Coke The Legal History of Edward CokeThis section provides an overview of Edward Coke ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Edward Coke in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
95. Privacy Privacy is a highly subjective notion; its interpretation changes over time and space. It has been said that privacy is "part philosophy, some semantics and much pure passion."( Alan Westin, Privacy and Freedom (New York: Atheneum, 1967), p. x, as quoted in Bennett, Regulating [...]...
96. Religion The Legal History of Religion This section provides an overview of Religion. Religion & Law Pages Online Legal Resources The Islamic Law entry The Jewish Law entry U.S. Federal Religion Law Decisions Recent U.S. Supreme Court Religion Law Decisions - at the Legal [...]...
97. Strike Strike in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Strike provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The most common form of industrial action, a strike is a concerted stoppage of work by employees for a limited period of time. Can assume a wide variety of forms. See general strike, intermittent [...]...
98. Culture Culture and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Culture provided by the European Union Commission: Whilst the will to conduct cultural activities at European level was apparent as early as the 1970s, it was not until 1991 that culture was officially given a place in European [...]...
99. Nondiscrimination Nondiscrimination and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Nondiscrimination: Equal application of tariffs, quotas, or other trade restrictions to products from different [...]...
100. Affirmative Action Affirmative Action in Election Law Positive, often temporary measures taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in employment, education, politics and business from which they have been historically excluded. The objective is to level the playing field, so as to enable those [...]...
101. Freedom of Movement Freedom of Movement in Election Law All citizens, except those who are minors and other specific categories of people, have the liberty to travel alone, reside in any part of the state where they please, within the limits of respect for the liberty and rights of others, and to leave that state [...]...
102. Identity Card Identity Card in Election Law Official document usually bearing a photograph that is issued by the authorities to citizens so that they may prove their identity. Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right [...]...
103. Freedom Freedom and Faith Doctrine From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Freedom, Faith, Doctrine (1): The constitution in declaring the freedom of all men to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, does not give a church member the right to repudiate the [...]...
104. Confidentiality References See Also Legal Profession Duties Lawyers Concept of Confidentiality Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Legal Profession Duties Lawyers Resources See Also Ideology Public Opinion Media Resources See [...]...
105. Education Expenditure Public Education Expenditure (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Public Education Expenditure means: includes both capital expenditures (spending on construction, renovation, major repairs and purchases of heavy equipment or vehicles) and current expenditures....
106. Individual Rights Constitutional Law: Individual Rights: Main Elements The coverage of Constitutional Law: Individual Rights includes the following main elements: Due Process and Equal Protection: An Overview For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. Statutory Protection of [...]...
107. Education Issues Education in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Education: Ambassador Donahoe delivered remarks at the 23rd session of the HRC explaining the U.S. position on, and vote in favor of, the resolution on the right to education adopted by the HRC. U.N. Doc. [...]...
108. Education Law Cases Most Popular Entries related to Education Law Cases Education Law (in the World) Education Law Cases (in the World) Education Lawyer (in the World) Special Education Law (in the World) Education Law Schools (in the World)...
109. Education Lawyer Most Popular Entries related to Education Lawyer Education Law (in the World) Education Law Cases (in the World) Education Lawyer (in the World) Special Education Law (in the World) Education Law Schools (in the World) Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework [...]...
110. Right of Assembly Assembly In relation to the international law practice and Assembly in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this subject: Discrimination Under this topic, in the Encyclopedia, find out information on: Race Durban [...]...
111. Education Finance Related Fields Related topics include: Education Finance Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Training Finance Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia....
112. Education Policy Related Fields Related topics include: Education Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Training Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Related Fields Related topics include: Government Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Government [...]...
113. Right to Privacy In relation to the right to privacy and constitutional law, Anna Jonsson Cornell[1] made the following observation: Since there is no theoretical or legal universally applicable umbrella concept of the right to privacy it is important how we structure our thinking around this particular [...]...
114. Right to Security In relation to the right to security and constitutional law, Liora Lazarus[1] made the following observation: The right to security has a variety of manifestations. At the outset, it is important to distinguish the moral, political, theoretical or polemical statements made about the right [...]...
115. Rights of Children In relation to the rights of children and constitutional law, Warren Binford[1] made the following observation: 'Children's rights' is a poorly defined concept. Nonetheless, during the 20th century the term has come to mean generally the intersection of human and legal rights [...]...
116. Social Rights In relation to the social rights and constitutional law, David Landau[1] made the following observation: Social rights are the rights of people to achieve their basic human needs. In domestic constitutional orders, common social rights include the right to healthcare (right to health), [...]...
117. Political Rights of Prisoners Suspension of the Political Rights of Prisoners In relation to the suspension of the political rights of prisoners and constitutional law, Pablo Marshall[1] made the following observation: The suspension of political rights refers to the temporary loss of rights to political participation [...]...
118. Universalism In relation to the universalism and constitutional law, Matthias Mahlmann[1] made the following observation: The concept of universalism is used in various contexts and with different meanings. Its use is not limited to the sphere of ethics and law. In law, universalism can have a formal [...]...
119. E-democracy Critical Success Factors in E-democracy Implementation, the Law and other Social Sciences Most e-democracy implementation has experienced mixed success, some have failed to meet up with the demand of the dedicated advocates while some are battling with lot of replication of efforts within [...]...
120. Eduardo Jimenez De Arechaga Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga (1918–1994): Life and Work Within the context of international law, this section explores the context, historical significance and the main work of Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga (1918–1994). Resources Further Reading The entry "arechaga, eduardo jimenez de [...]...