Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Efficiency Literature Review on Efficiency as Performance Measurement In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hwang-Sun Kang offers the following summary about the topic of Efficiency as Performance Measurement: This entry introduces the concept of efficiency and discusses [...]...
2. Economic Policy Concept of Economic Policy Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Economy Public Policy Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
3. Development Policy Literature Review on Development Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Lawrence S. Graham offers the following summary about the topic of Development Policy: Development policy is the overarching term we use today in public administration and public [...]...
4. Merit Pay Literature Review on Merit Pay and Pay-for-Performance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joan E. Pynes offers the following summary about the topic of Merit Pay and Pay-for-Performance: Many public sector agencies have begun to align pay with [...]...
5. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
6. Economic and Social Committee Economic and Social Committee (ESC) and Europe There is an entry on economic and social committee (esc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Economic and Social Committee and the European Union Resources See Also ESC Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Economic and Social [...]...
7. Economic Development Economic Development of Society (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Economic Development of Society means: is a multidimensional process, covering economic growth, structural changes in economy, improvement of conditions and quality of life. Legal Issues in the Third World’s [...]...
8. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Literature Review on Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kerstin Martens offers the following summary about the topic of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): This entry [...]...
9. Development Economics Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to development economics in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
10. Economic Conditions Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
11. Community Organizations Literature Review on Economic Development: Community Organizations In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Herbert J. Rubin offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development in Community Organizations : To bring about equity in economic [...]...
12. European Patent Organization The European Patent Organization (EPO) This section provides an overview of the european patent organization (epo) within the legal context of Intellectual Property Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Felix Addor, "The [...]...
13. United Nations Economic and Social Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations Economic and Social DevelopmentThe second major function of the UN is to promote economic and social development worldwide. The UN engages in a myriad of activities and sponsors a large number of age......
14. Organization Development Literature Review on Organization Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald T. Gabris offers the following summary about the topic of Organization Development: Organizational development (OD) is a powerful tool in the quiver of arrows available [...]...
15. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
16. Trade Institutions General, Trade and Investment Related Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, general, trade and investment related institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Trade Organization (WTO) United [...]...
17. Ecological Health Ecological Health Indicators (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Ecological Health Indicators means: _nvironment state, for example quality of water, air and the earth, pollution level et al....
18. Ecological _onsciousness Ecological _onsciousness (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Ecological _onsciousness means: is a deep understanding of inextricable link of the person with the nature, dependences of well-being of humanity on integrity of an environment of dwelling of the person. A basis of [...]...
19. Budgets Literature Review on Budgeting: Implementing Performance-Based Budgets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia E. Melkers offers the following summary about the topic of Budgeting: Implementing Performance-Based Budgets: This entry covers performance-based [...]...
20. Career Development Literature Review on Career Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Career Development offers the following summary about the topic of Career Development: Career development is the process of setting developmental goals and of identifying training [...]...
21. Development Development Research, Development Theories Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Development, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Development, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam [...]...
22. Civilization Civilization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Civilization means: broad term characterizing particularities and levels of development in a society. It includes culture, religion, and the character of social and economic relations. Accordingly, civilizations differs by applied [...]...
23. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
24. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
25. Epidemiology Epidemiology (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Epidemiology means: _pidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. Social epidemiology has [...]...
26. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
27. Social Development World Summit For Social Development in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United States joined consensus on United Nations General Assembly resolution 66/125, "Implementation of the Outcome of [...]...
28. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...
29. Groups Groups and Groupings in the United Nations Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Groups, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Groups, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
30. Joint Ventures In the United States For information about Joint ventures in the context of international trade, click here Literature Review on Joint Ventures In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Christopher Hawkins offers the following summary about the topic of Joint [...]...
31. Benchmarking Literature Review on Benchmarking In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] A. Gunasekaran and Krishan M. Gupta provide the following summary about the topic of Benchmarking: Market-based economy is generally accepted as the appropriate model for global and [...]...
32. Win-Win Policy Literature Review on (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart S. Nagel offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions: Win–win policy refers to public policy that is capable [...]...
33. Social Risks Literature Review on (Social Policy) New Social Risks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Giuliano Bonoli offers the following summary about the topic of (Social Policy) New Social Risks: The notion of "new social risks" refers to situations that [...]...
34. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
35. Appraisal Systems Literature Review on Performance Management: 360-Degree Appraisal Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Neil M. Boyd offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Management: 360-Degree Appraisal Systems: A 360-degree performance [...]...
36. Rural Economic Development Policies Literature Review on Rural Economic Development Policies In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Terry F. Buss offers the following summary about the topic of Rural Economic Development Policies: Many assume that rural areas are mostly homogenous, often the [...]...
37. OECD Tax Policy Networks Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Tax Policy Networks This section provides an overview of organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) tax policy networks within the legal context of International Tax Institutions in international economic law, [...]...
38. Economic And Social Council Introduction to Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, composed of representatives of 54 countries. Each year 18 members are elected by the UN General Assembly for 3-year terms. ECOSOC's early activities were [...]...
39. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
40. Personnel Training Literature Review on (Personnel Management) Training and Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joan E. Pynes offers the following summary about the topic of (Personnel Management) Training and Development: Public organizations must recognize the [...]...
41. United Nations Development Program Introduction to United Nations Development Program United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed an earlier meeting in which 120 nations participated in discussions of [...]...
42. European Social Charter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european social charter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
43. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
44. Human Relations Literature Review on Management Theory: Human Relations School In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald T. Gabris offers the following summary about the topic of Management Theory: Human Relations School: In human relations management, it is assumed that [...]...
45. International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
46. Economic Depression Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic depression in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
47. Economic Relations Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic relations in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
48. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
49. Tax Increment Financing Literature Review on Tax Increment Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Deborah A. Carroll offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Increment Financing: Tax increment financing (TIF) is an economic development tool and financial [...]...
50. Economic Resources Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic resources in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
51. Social Responsibility Information and Communication Technology, Ethics and Social Responsibility, the Law and other Social Sciences Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have penetrated during the last 20 years all human activities everywhere on the Earth. Humanity has entered into the information age, [...]...
52. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
53. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
54. Transparency In Public Administration and Policy Transparency and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Transparency: Openness, clarity, and predictability of a country's trade laws [...]...
55. Public Goods Global Public Good(s) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Global Public Good(s) means: a global public good is a good that has the three following properties : 1. It is non-rivalrous. Consumption of this good by anyone does not reduce the quantity available to other agents; 2. It [...]...
56. Planning Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Planning In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hua Xu offers the following summary about the topic of Planning in Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Capital improvements are important investment [...]...
57. Healthcare Settings Literature Review on Healthcare Settings: Effective Change In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] R. Wayne Boss and Mark L. McConkie provide the following summary about the topic of Healthcare Settings: Effective Change: This entry uses an organization [...]...
58. Network Analysis Literature Review on (Public Administration Theory) Network Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Naim Kapucu offers the following summary about the topic of (Public Administration Theory) Network Analysis: With the increase in network analysis-based [...]...
59. Public Service Literature Review on Public Service In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard A. Loverd offers the following summary about the topic of Public Service: Public service can be analyzed as a place of employment or an attitude. While the challenges are great, [...]...
60. Educational Development Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
61. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
62. Governance Governance in Election Law Manner of understanding and implementing authority. Characteristics of good governance are a high level of organisation and efficiency. It is measured by many different criteria: delivery, transparency, participation and sharing of responsibilities. Literature Review [...]...
63. Evolutionary Theory Literature Review on Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy: Evolutionary theory can inform policy discussion. This [...]...
64. Information Systems Literature Review on Information Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mary Maureen Brown and Piper S. Charles provide the following summary about the topic of Information Systems: Information systems can provide accurate, reliable, and timely [...]...
65. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
66. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
67. Committee on Trade and Development Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Trade and Development (CTD): A GATT standing committee responsible for monitoring and discussing the [...]...
68. Health Expenditure Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) means: the sum of public and private expenditure (in purchasing power parity terms in US dollars), divided by the mid-year population. Health expenditure includes [...]...
69. Economic Efficiency Literature Review on Economic Efficiency In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Brian E. Dollery and Joe L. Wallis provide the following summary about the topic of Economic Efficiency: Economic efficiency is defined in three main ways in economic discourse. [...]...
70. Robert T. Golembiewski Literature Review on Robert T. Golembiewski In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] R. Wayne Boss, Rex L. Facer, Mark L. McConkie, Gerald J. Miller and Samuel J. Yeager provide the following summary about the topic of Robert T. Golembiewski: Robert T. [...]...
71. Nonprofit Organizations Fundraising Literature Review on Nonprofit Organizations Fundraising and Development In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Wesley E. Lindahl offers the following summary about the topic of Nonprofit Organizations Fundraising and Development: Fundraising for nonprofit [...]...
72. Economic Area European Economic Area (EEA) and Europe There is an entry on european economic area (eea) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Area (EEA)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
73. Public Morals This section provides an overview of public morals within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Robert Howse, "Public Morals," [...]...
74. Economic Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to economic aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
75. Educational Expenditure Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
76. Essential Service Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
77. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
78. National Security The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI and the World Trade Organization The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. This section provides an overview of national security within the legal context [...]...
79. John Gaus Literature Review on John Gaus In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Beryl A. Radin offers the following summary about the topic of John Gaus: John M. Gaus was one of the fathers of public administration whose career included both the worlds of the [...]...
80. EEC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eec explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EEC and Europe There is an entry on eec in the European legal encyclopedia. EEC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
81. Preferential Trade Agreements Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Competition Law and Policy This section provides an overview of impact of preferential trade agreements on competition law and policy within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). [...]...
82. Export-performance Measure Export-performance Measure in International Trade Meaning of Export-performance Measure, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported....
83. Performance Performance in the Context of Peacemaking Definition of Performance published by the United Nations: measurement Refers to the system and processes involved in monitoring and evaluation of Programme performance, based on agreed standards and measures of performance formulated at the inception [...]...
84. Competitive Performance Competitive Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Competitive Performance: The measurable results of competitiveness --i.e., the outcome of a country's or a firm's efforts in [...]...
85. Market Performance Market Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Performance: The principal focus of competition policy, market performance refers to the degree to which a particular industry or [...]...
86. Performance Requirements Performance Requirements and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Performance Requirements: Government-imposed rules or conditions requiring foreign investors to serve [...]...
87. Key Performance Indicators Key Performance Indicators (KPIS) in International Trade Meaning of Key Performance Indicators (kpis), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A set of financial and non-financial values used to measure the success of an organization or a particular activity, [...]...
88. Performance Bond Performance Bond in International Trade Meaning of Performance Bond, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bond which guarantees proper fulfillment of the terms of a contract. In practice, the beneficiary of the bond (usually the buyer or services and/or [...]...
89. Performance Management Performance management in the Context of Peacemaking Definition of Performance management published by the United Nations: A strategic framework and approach in managing and improving performance, it optimizes results by aligning all operating units, systems and processes in order to achieve [...]...
90. Withholding Performance ContentsWithholding PerformanceBuyer’s Right to Withhold Performance of Contract under the UN Sales ConventionIntroductionConcept of the Right to Withhold PerformanceImportance of ... Read more...
91. Discharge by Performance Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to Discharge by Performance....
92. Performance Reporting Literature Review on Performance Reporting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William Earle Klay and Ki Woong Cho provide the following summary about the topic of Performance Reporting: Performance reporting conveys information about activities, [...]...
93. Budget Performance Literature Review on Budgeting: Performance-Based In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Judith R. Brown offers the following summary about the topic of Performance-Based Budgeting: What benefits do citizens realize from their investment in government? We pay [...]...
94. Performance Audits Literature Review on Performance Audits In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Brendan F. Burke and Wendy Haynes provide the following summary about the topic of Performance Audits: This entry describes the history of performance auditing and distinguishes [...]...
95. Performance Measurement Literature Review on Performance Measurement In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Patria de Lancer Julnes offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Measurement: Performance measurement refers to the production of information about an [...]...
96. Performance Indicators Benchmarking Performance Indicators of Indian Rail Freight by Dea Approach, the Law and other Social Sciences The overall development of business operations logistics activities becomes more important for firms with the globalization of economy and therefore performance measurement being [...]...
97. Place of Performance Place of Performance in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to place of performance on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information [...]...
98. Standard Performance Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
99. Performance Record Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer Military Personnel Law Practice Management Appraisal...
100. Performance Related Pay Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer Military Personnel Law Practice Management Appraisal...
101. Work Performance Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer Military Personnel Law Practice Management Appraisal...
102. Centre for Economic Performance Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Centre for Economic Performance (CEP): A British research institute funded by the government as well as by [...]...
103. Citizen-Driven Performance Literature Review on Citizen-Driven Performance Measurement In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kathe Callahan offers the following summary about the topic of Citizen-Driven Performance Measurement: Citizen-driven performance measurement requires that [...]...
104. Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration Literature Review on Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Peter J. Haas offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Indicators: Use in State Administration: The critical aspect of performance [...]...
105. Municipal Performance Literature Review on Performance Measurement: Municipal In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Taehee Kim offers the following summary about the topic of Performance Measurement: Municipal: This entry aims to increase the awareness of students or practitioners [...]...
106. Performance Appraisal Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer Military Personnel Law Practice Management Appraisal...
107. E-commerce Compliance In the United States For information about E-Commerce Compliance in the context of international trade, click here Factors Determining E-shopping Compliance by Nigerians, the Law and other Social Sciences This chapter investigated factors that affect e-shopping acceptance among Nigerians. The [...]...
108. E-Commerce Offering E-commerce Solutions and the Electronic Commerce Overview of Significant Legal Trends and Issues for E-Commerce and the Electronic Commerce E-Commerce Law in Developing Countries: An Indian Perspective Paper published by C. M. ABHILASH, C. M. Abhilash, in 2002. Here are the [...]...
109. E-collaborative Learning E-collaborative Learning (e-cl), the Law and other Social Sciences This article investigates the highly topical issue of electronic collaborative learning (e-CL) in a holistic overview. First of all, a clarification of the term and context of e-CL is provided comparing it with similar [...]...
110. Education "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." -- Alvin Toffler See Education links History of Education In the following treatment of this subject, the theory and early history of education is [...]...
111. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...
112. Economic Friction Cultural, religious, or ideological perspectives that interfere with and distort opportunities for trade or economic advancement.......
113. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
114. ECU Ecu Summary of Ecu The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) ECU and International Trade Economy ECU (European Currency Unit) and Europe There is an entry on ecu (european currency unit) in the European legal encyclopedia. ECU and the [...]...
115. Ecclesiastical Courts Introduction to Ecclesiastical CourtsEcclesiastical Courts, tribunals exercising jurisdiction in religious matters. In its broadest sense, the term ecclesiastical court is applied to any former or existing tribunal established by religious authority. In a more restricted sense, it is applie......
116. Ecclesiastical Courts in the Middle Ages Introduction to Ecclesiastical Courts in the Middle AgesIn the Middle Ages, the church reached the zenith of its power: It became a world state, the popes became temporal potentates, and canon law and the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts were extended to embrace virtually the entir......
117. Ecclesiastical Courts Origins Introduction to Ecclesiastical Courts OriginsEcclesiastical courts originated among the early Christians in Rome before the adoption of Christianity by Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in the 4th century. The Christians, as a persecuted sect, had no access to the Roman courts; Roman cour......
118. Economic Cooperation Organization Introduction to Economic Cooperation Organization Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), an organization that promotes economic and cultural cooperation between Islamic states (see Islam). Established in 1985, its original members were Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. The conclusion of the Sovi......
119. Economics Liberalism: Economics Introduction to Economics The crisis concerning economic power was more profound. One branch of liberal philosophy was its economics as developed by the so-called classical economists, notably the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith and British economist David Ricardo. [...]...
120. E-Commerce Law ......