Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Intergovernmental Organizations A list of some Intergovernmental Organizations is the following: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization ( CTBTO ) Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) International Atomic [...]...
2. First World Summary of First World A general reference to the industrialized nations of the West, primarily the members of the Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details), but often including other prosperous nations as well. See Second [...]...
3. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
4. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
5. World Meteorological Organization WMO – World Meteorological Organization Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Meteorological Organization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World [...]...
6. International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): A specialized agency of the United Nations [...]...
7. National Security The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI and the World Trade Organization The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. This section provides an overview of national security within the legal context [...]...
8. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
9. Sustainable Development Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on sustainable development doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "sustainable development doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
10. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
11. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
12. Trade Institutions General, Trade and Investment Related Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, general, trade and investment related institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Trade Organization (WTO) United [...]...
13. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
14. Unctad Concept of Unctad An introductory definition of Unctad is provided here: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: formed 1964: first Secretary General Raul Prebisch: called for reform of system of international trade based on liberalism and comparative advantage, in order to assist [...]...
15. Anti-dumping Anti-dumping Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. The Anti-Dumping Agreement and the World Trade Organization The Anti-Dumping Agreement in relation to the [...]...
16. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
17. WTO WTO in International Trade Meaning of Wto, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Trade Organization was established by the Uruguay Round in 1995 as successor to the GATT (General Agreement o Tariffs and Trade), the WTO is the only global organization [...]...
18. World Food Programme WFP – World Food Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Food Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Food Programme , Boczek, [...]...
19. World Tourism Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on world tourism organization explores the context, history and effect of the [...]...
20. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
21. Doctrine of Non-liquet Embracing mainstream international law, this section on doctrine of non-liquet explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "non-liquet, doctrine of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
22. United Nations Conference on International Organization Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united nations conference on international organization explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "united nations conference on international organization" [...]...
23. International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
24. Unesco Unesco Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization means: _s specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO contributes to the building of [...]...
25. Doctrine of Equality of States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on doctrine of equality of states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "equality of states, doctrine of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
26. Waivers This section provides an overview of waivers within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Isabel Feichtner, [...]...
27. Government Procurement Government Procurement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Government Procurement: Government policies and procedures for purchasing goods and services. Procurement [...]...
28. Free Trade Exceptions Article XX GATT, Art XIV GATS This section provides an overview of article xx gatt, art xiv gats within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
29. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
30. International Economic Law Legal Issues International economic law is more likely to fall under the rubric of public international law, as it deals with international economic relationships between states. See, for example, Petersmann, 'International Economic Theory and International Economic Law: On the Tasks of a [...]...
31. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
32. IMF The International Monetary Fund, abbreviated as IMF, is an international organisation, at present counting 188 member countries, with the mission to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic [...]...
33. Labor Standards The Impact of Labour Standards This section provides an overview of the impact of labour standards within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) [...]...
34. Fostering Development This section provides an overview of fostering development within the legal context of Foundational Concepts in international economic law. Resources Further Reading Frank J Garcia, "Fostering Development," Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, Cheltenham Glos (United [...]...
35. Non-Governmental Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Definition of Nongovernmental Organizations A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business. Usually set up by ordinary citizens, NGOs may be funded by governments, [...]...
36. Bush Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on bush doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "bush doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
37. Capstone Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on capstone doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "capstone doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
38. Contiguity Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on contiguity doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "contiguity doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
39. Continuity Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on continuity doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "continuity doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
40. Effects Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on effects doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "effects doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
41. Eisenhower Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eisenhower doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "eisenhower doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
42. Estrada Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on estrada doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "estrada doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
43. Lakhtine Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on lakhtine doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "lakhtine doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
44. Monroe Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on monroe doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "monroe doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
45. Stimson Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on stimson doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "stimson doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
46. Tobar Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on tobar doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "tobar doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
47. Watershed Doctrine Embracing mainstream international law, this section on watershed doctrine explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "watershed doctrine" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
48. WTO Instruments Derogations and Exceptions in Other WTO Instruments This section provides an overview of derogations and exceptions in other wto instruments within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting [...]...
49. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
50. Brezhnev Doctrine Concept of Brezhnev Doctrine An introductory definition of Brezhnev Doctrine is provided here: reinforced the right of the Soviets to ntervene where Moscow deemed socialism was threatened by 'counter-revolutionary forces' Embracing mainstream international law, this section on brezhnev [...]...
51. ECA Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eca explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
52. I.C.J. I.C.J. I.C.J. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on i.c.j. explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further [...]...
53. UNV Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unv explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
54. UPU Embracing mainstream international law, this section on upu explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
55. WMO Embracing mainstream international law, this section on wmo explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
56. Regulatory Barriers to Trade Regulatory Barriers to Trade: Private Standards This section provides an overview of regulatory barriers to trade: private standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the [...]...
57. Regional Development Banks Regional Development Banks (IDB) This section provides an overview of regional development banks (idb) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Suresh Nanwani, "Regional Development Banks [...]...
58. International Standards Organization International Standards Organization (ISO) This section provides an overview of international standards organization (iso) within the legal context of Standard-Setting Organizations in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Olia Kanevskaia, [...]...
59. New International Economic Order Summary of New International Economic Order A scheme for the restructuring of the world's economy to permit greater participation by and benefit to developing nations. The "new order"is not a specific program, per se, but a declaration of principles and an agenda of topics for [...]...
60. Universal Postal Union Universal Postal Union Outline The union was established under the International Postal Convention of 1874. It was then named the General Postal Union. In 1878 it was renamed the Universal Postal Union. It became a specialised, but independent, agency of the UN after 1945. The UPU is a [...]...
61. Non-aligned Movement Non-Aligned Movement Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Non-Aligned Movement, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
62. United Nations Children's Fund United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) The United Nations Children's Fund, abbreviated as UNICEF, is a United Nations (UN) agency that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF [...]...
63. Sanitary Measures Sanitary Measures in International Trade Meaning of Sanitary Measures, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Regulations that governments impose to restrict imports for health protection reasons. See also phytosanitary certificate; sanitary certificate. [...]...
64. Consent Doctrine Consent Doctrine (or Theory) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on consent doctrine (or theory) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "consent doctrine (or theory)" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
65. Monetary Affairs Law and Economics in Monetary Affairs in International Economic Law In international economic law, law and economics in monetary affairs includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Allocation of Powers and Jurisdiction in Monetary Law The Role of [...]...
66. IMCO Embracing mainstream international law, this section on imco explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System UN Agency Resources Further Reading [...]...
67. OHCHR Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ohchr explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
68. UNEP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unep explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
69. UNIDO Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unido explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
70. Domestic Regulation Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) This section provides an overview of domestic regulation (behind the borders) within the legal context of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) in [...]...
71. Domestic Courts The Role of the Domestic Courts in International Economic Law In international economic law, the role of the domestic courts includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Direct Effect of International Agreements Fork-in-the-Road Provisions...
72. Domestic Policies Balancing a Diversity of Interests This section provides an overview of balancing a diversity of interests within the legal context of Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Jonathan Gass, "Balancing a Diversity of [...]...
73. Domestic Protecting Policies Domestic Protecting Policies Development This section provides an overview of Domestic Protecting Policies Development within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
74. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
75. Domestic Regulation Relating to Services Rules on Domestic Regulation Relating to Services This section provides an overview of rules on domestic regulation relating to services within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of [...]...
76. Domestic Commercial Law Legal IssuesInternational commercial law is not exactly a sub-branch of international law, because it includes three components: international treaties, customs, and domestic law which is accepted by the parties concerned. The inclusion of domestic commercial law distinguishes international......
77. Domestic Court Domestic Court (or Tribunal) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on domestic court (or tribunal) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "domestic court (or tribunal)" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
78. Domestic Jurisdiction Embracing mainstream international law, this section on domestic jurisdiction explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "domestic jurisdiction" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
79. Domestic Offshore Trade Areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, outside the contiguous forty-eight states, over which economic regulation of ocean shipping is exercised by the Federal Maritime Commission. Apart from movements by water involving these noncontiguous areas (Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, et cetera......
80. Domestic Corporation A corporation operating in the jurisdiction in which it was formed; hence, a New York corporation is a domestic corporation in New York, but a foreign corporation everywhere else.......
81. Domestic Subsidy An economic grant provided by a governmental authority to a domestic manufacturer, grower, or producer to increase industrial activity or stimulate output of desired products. Economic incentives may come in the form of direct payments, tax relief, low-interest financing, wage subsidies, or in [...]...
82. Domestic Violence Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence Domestic Violence, Sexual Behaviour and the Law Literature Review on Domestic Violence In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Janine M. Zweig and Lauren Bennett Cattaneo provide the following summary about the topic of [...]...
83. Domestic Observer Domestic Observer in Election Law Citizen or, in some countries, a resident who monitors the election process in his or her own country. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
84. Integrating Domestic Integrating Domestic in International Economic Law In international economic law, integrating domestic includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Multi-Level Governance and Public Goods The Role of Vertically Shared Principles The Role of Lawyers, [...]...
85. Implementing Domestic Law This section provides an overview of implementing domestic law within the legal context of Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Amelia Porges, "Implementing Domestic Law," Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic [...]...
86. Domestic Animal Description of Domestic Animal Resources See Also Domitae Naturae Mansuetae Naturae Animals...
87. Domestic Work Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to domestic work in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
88. Domestic Worker Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to domestic worker in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
89. Domestic Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
90. Domestic Content Requirement Domestic Content Requirement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Domestic Content Requirement: A requirement that foreign firms selling a particular product must use goods [...]...
91. Domestic International Sales Corporation Commonly known by the acronym DISC, a U.S.-chartered corporation, qualified with the Internal Revenue Service, that derives virtually all of its income from export sales and export-related activities. A properly qualified DISC was permitted to defer indefinitely tax on a portion of its income. The D......
92. Anti-Trust Rules in Domestic Jurisdiction This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules in domestic jurisdiction within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
93. Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
94. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
95. Gross Domestic Purchases An item within the National Income and Product Account Tables that represents the gross national product less exports plus imports.......
96. Gross Private Domestic Investment The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of private expenditures, for capital goods (e.g.. physical plant, equipment) adjusted by the inventory investment (the sum of the increase or decrease of merchandise in inventory during a given time period, usually one year). ......
97. 1958 Convention: Relationship with domestic law and other treaties (Article VII) Contents 1958 Convention: Relationship with domestic law and other Treaties (Article VII)   Article VII(1) of the New York Convention ... Read more...
98. Nonprivileged Domestic Status The condition of merchandise of U.S. origin entered into a foreign trade zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), other than goods that have been granted privileged domestic STATUS (...
99. Privileged Domestic Status A condition that may be accorded to merchandise of U.S. origin, or to imported merchandise upon which duties have been paid, that is entered into a foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details...
100. MPEPIL: Relationship between international and domestic law Contents MPEPIL: Relationship between international and domestic law   Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) list of articles ... Read more...
101. Private International Law Branches of Private International Law Intellectual Property International commercial arbitration International Commercial Law International Contracts International Family Law International Law of Procedure See also: Hague Conference on Private [...]...
102. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
103. Pacta Sunt Servanda Summary of Pacta Sunt Servanda A principle of international law that treaties and other international engagements are binding upon the nations that accede to them, and obligations accepted under such engagements must be performed, or reparations made in the event of a breach.(Main [...]...
104. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
105. World Intellectual Property Organization Summary of World Intellectual Property Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations charged with fostering international agreements to protect rights to intellectual property, with the object of facilitating international technology transfer. WIPO serves as the nucleus for new [...]...
106. Sovereignty Legal Issues International treaties and conventions are, or should be, based on the presumption that all sovereign states are equal. This presumption forms the basis for the operation of the rules of conflict of laws.5 No country can directly enforce its domestic law within the territory of [...]...
107. International Civil Aviation Organization International Civil Aviation Organization Outline The ICAO came into existence in 1947 pursuant to an international agreement signed in 1944 in Chicago. The Chicago Convention sets out international standards and recommended practices for international civil aviation. The ICAO was founded to [...]...
108. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
109. Soft Law Compliance with Soft Law In the study of compliance with soft law, several factors were identified in advance as possibly affecting state performance. While most of them apply to all subject areas in the study, the relative importance of each varies from one subject to another. The [...]...
110. Permanent Court of Arbitration Introduction to Permanent Court of Arbitration Permanent Court of Arbitration, panel of arbitrators established by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, signed by 24 nations at the first international peace conference at The Hague, the Netherlands, in 1899. The [...]...
111. Customary International Law Hello Customary International Law Customary international law applies in international law in case of absence of a treaty. J. L. Brierly, in "The Law of Nations: an Introduction to the International Law of Peace"states that in order to determine what international customary [...]...
112. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
113. Human Rights Introduction to Human Rights "Since World War II international law has become increasingly concerned with the protection of human rights. It has provided improved procedures for that purpose within the UN. This new emphasis has also been manifested in the adoption by the UN of the [...]...
114. Corruption Corruption Definition Corruption, wrongdoing by those in a special position of trust. The term is commonly applied to self-benefiting conduct by public officials and others dedicated to public service. (1) Corruption is not a technical term; it is not considered a criminal offence in most [...]...
115. Diplomacy Diplomacy Definition Diplomacy (Fr. diplomatie), the art of conducting international negotiations. The word, borrowed from the French, has the same derivation as Diplomatic (q.v.), and, according to the New English Dictionary, was first used in England so late as 1796 by Burke. Yet there is [...]...
116. Diplomatic Mission Diplomatic or Foreign Missions The embassy abroad, or foreign mission, is headed by an ambassador assisted by a career diplomat who serves as deputy or first secretary. The deputy secretary oversees and coordinates the work of the staff and assumes the responsibilities of the mission as [...]...
117. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
118. Customs Valuation For importers, the process of estimating the value of a product at customs presents problems that can be just as serious as the actual duty rate charged. The WTO agreement on customs valuation aims for a fair, uniform and neutral system for the valuation of goods for customs purposes — a system that conforms to commercial realities, and which outlaws the use of arbitrary or fictitious customs values. The Committee...
119. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
120. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...