Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Most Favoured Nation Differential Treatment Implied Departures from MFN and Differential Treatment This section provides an overview of implied departures from mfn and differential treatment within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of [...]...
2. Coverage in Investment Protection This section provides an overview of coverage in investment protection within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Andrew Mitchell and Jacky Mandelbaum, [...]...
3. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
4. Economic Law Principles Principles in International Economic Law In international economic law, principles includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>Adjudication and Enforcement Economic Sanctions Minimum Standards in Investment Law Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and [...]...
5. Resistance to Arbitration Resistance to Arbitration (Adjudication and Enforcement) This section provides an overview of resistance to arbitration (adjudication and enforcement) within the legal context of Resistance to Arbitration in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement [...]...
6. Migration Law A Legacy of Fragmentation in Migration, Trade and Investment Law This section provides an overview of a legacy of fragmentation in migration, trade and investment law within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility [...]...
7. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
8. Differential Treatment of Developing Countries Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
9. Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
10. Labor Standards The Impact of Labour Standards This section provides an overview of the impact of labour standards within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) [...]...
11. Rules Relating to Intellectual Property This section provides an overview of rules relating to intellectual property within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas)....
12. Investment Rules Relationship of Competition Law to Trade and Investment Rules This section provides an overview of relationship of competition law to trade and investment rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
13. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: An independent agency of the World Bank group established in 1988 to [...]...
14. Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Relation of IPRs to Trade, Investment and Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of relation of iprs to trade, [...]...
15. Investment Regulation Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, impact of domestic regulation on trade in goods, services and on investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal [...]...
16. Special And Differential Treatment The concept that developing nations require special consideration in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, and that concessions should be granted to the developing nations without reciprocity. Although this concept has been advanced in various individual multilateral trade agreements, the T......
17. Choice of International Forum This section provides an overview of choice of international forum within the legal context of Basic Principles of International Dispute Settlement in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Rodrigo Polanco, [...]...
18. Government Procurement Government Procurement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Government Procurement: Government policies and procedures for purchasing goods and services. Procurement [...]...
19. Trade Standards Regulatory Barriers to Trade: Regulations and Standards This section provides an overview of regulatory barriers to trade: regulations and standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation [...]...
20. Insurance Core Principles This section provides an overview of insurance core principles within the legal context of Financial Regulation in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Rekha Oleschak-Pillai, "Insurance Core [...]...
21. Banking Core Principles This section provides an overview of banking core principles within the legal context of Financial Regulation in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Xavier-Yves Zanota, "Banking Core [...]...
22. Regulatory Barriers to Trade Regulatory Barriers to Trade: Private Standards This section provides an overview of regulatory barriers to trade: private standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the [...]...
23. Trade Institutions General, Trade and Investment Related Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, general, trade and investment related institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Trade Organization (WTO) United [...]...
24. Shared Principles The Role of Vertically Shared Principles This section provides an overview of the role of vertically shared principles within the legal context of Integrating Domestic and international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges)....
25. Cooperation in Migration International Fora on Cooperation in Migration This section provides an overview of international fora on cooperation in migration within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
26. Investment Protection Investment Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Coverage in Investment Protection Right to Use and Direct Expropriation Indirect Expropriation...
27. Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Standards Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Regulation and Standards This section provides an overview of impact of preferential trade agreements on regulation and standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with [...]...
28. Property Rights Spanish Translation of property rights This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to property rights and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Real (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Property Rights and the Environment Contents of Property [...]...
29. Integrating Domestic Integrating Domestic in International Economic Law In international economic law, integrating domestic includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Multi-Level Governance and Public Goods The Role of Vertically Shared Principles The Role of Lawyers, [...]...
30. Investment Barriers-to-Entry This section provides an overview of investment barriers-to-entry within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Wolfgang Alschner, "Investment [...]...
31. Indirect Expropriation This section provides an overview of indirect expropriation within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Diego Brian Gosis, "Indirect Expropriation," [...]...
32. OECD Tax Policy Networks Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Tax Policy Networks This section provides an overview of organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) tax policy networks within the legal context of International Tax Institutions in international economic law, [...]...
33. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
34. Sanitary Measures Sanitary Measures in International Trade Meaning of Sanitary Measures, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Regulations that governments impose to restrict imports for health protection reasons. See also phytosanitary certificate; sanitary certificate. [...]...
35. Labor Mobility Labour Mobility This section provides an overview of labour mobility within the legal context of Labour Mobility in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Labour Mobility in International Economic Law In international economic law, labour mobility includes the following legal [...]...
36. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
37. Trade in Services Agreement The Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) This section provides an overview of the trade in services agreement (tisa) within the legal context of Preferential Trade in Services Agreements in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory [...]...
38. Anti-Trust Rules in Domestic Jurisdiction This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules in domestic jurisdiction within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
39. Preferential Trade Agreements Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Competition Law and Policy This section provides an overview of impact of preferential trade agreements on competition law and policy within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). [...]...
40. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
41. Precaution The Principles of Precaution and Sustainability This section provides an overview of the principles of precaution and sustainability within the legal context of International Economic Law and Sustainable Development in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further [...]...
42. Preferential Trade in Services Agreements This section provides an overview of preferential trade in services agreements within the legal context of Preferential Trade in Services Agreements in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
43. Most Favoured Nation Treatment Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in International Trade Meaning of Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non discriminatory trade policy commitment on the part of one country to extend to another country the lowest [...]...
44. National Treatment History of Commercial Treaties National Treatment The attainment of national treatment through treaty was strengthened in the 13th century. Venice, an Italian city-state that traded chiefly with Central and East Asia, exacted by treaty from the sultan of _alab (Aleppo) the right to have its [...]...
45. Less Favourable Treatment This section provides an overview of less favourable treatment within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Lothar Ehring, "Less Favourable [...]...
46. Differential Duty A rate of duty on a given commodity that varies according to the country of origin.......
47. Differential Rate A freight rate derived by compiling existing intermediate rates; this process is used where no through rate exists between the points of origin and destination.......
48. Differential Exchange Rates A scheme in which a government prescribes different rates of exchange for the local currency, depending upon the transaction involved. The government may assign its currency a given value in terms of gold for capital transfers, for example, but provide for a less favorable rate of exchange for impor......
49. Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) This section provides an overview of fair and equitable treatment (fet) within the legal context of Minimum Standards in Investment Law in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Martins Paparinskis, "Fair and Equitable [...]...
50. National Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of national treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Andrea K Bjorklund, "National Treatment in Investment Law," [...]...
51. Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of most-favoured nation treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Piero Bernardini, "Most-Favoured Nation Treatment in [...]...
52. Wage Differential Resources See Also Wage Wages Salary Minimum Wage Fair Labor Salaries...
53. Construction Differential Subsidy An economic subsidy offered by the U.S. government to vessel operators to encourage the building of ships in American shipyards. Recognizing that American labor and material costs are generally higher than those in many other countries, Title XI of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 empowers the Mariti......
54. Ocean Freight Differential A sum rep resenting the difference in freight costs associated with moving subsidized agricultural exports on American rather than cheaper foreign vessels. The differential is provided for shipments under the Agricultural Trade Development And Assistance Act (...
55. Operating Differential Subsidy A grant provided by the Federal government to U.S. firms that operate American-built vessels over certain prescribed trade routes deemed essential to American commerce. The object of the subsidy is to reduce the net operating costs to American shipping firms so as to permit them to compete against l......
56. Treatment Special and Differential Treatment (S&D) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Special and Differential Treatment (S&D): Preferential treatment given to industrial countries [...]...
57. Preferential Treatment In the United States For information about Preferential treatment in the context of international trade, click here Embracing mainstream international law, this section on preferential treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
58. Cruel Treatment Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On December 19, 2011, the General Assembly adopted a resolution on torture and other cruel, [...]...
59. Inhuman Treatment Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment In relation to the international law practice and torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Human Rights Note: there is [...]...
60. Treatment of Prisoners Embracing mainstream international law, this section on treatment of prisoners explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "prisoners, treatment of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
61. Treatment of Aliens Embracing mainstream international law, this section on treatment of aliens explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "aliens, treatment of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
62. Equal Treatment Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
63. Water Treatment Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
64. National Treatment Principle A view of international economic transactions that asserts that a nation should accord the same treatment to foreign merchandise, investments, shipping, and entrepreneurs as it does to domestic counterparts under like commercial conditions. Apart from international practice on the part of the Europe......
65. Children Prevention And Treatment Programs Child Abuse Producting Children Prevention and Treatment ProgramsIn the United States many types of social programs, usually at the county or state levels, have attempted to reduce and prevent child abuse. Current approaches involve identifying high-risk parents-such as young, single, first......
66. Treatment No Less Favorable Provisions Contents Treatment No Less Favorable Provisions Issues respecting “no less favourable treatment” in the National Treatment Obligation under NAFTA By ... Read more...
67. Special Treatment of Developing Countries Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
68. Most-favoured-nation Clause/treatment Embracing mainstream international law, this section on most-favoured-nation clause/treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "most-favoured-nation clause/treatment" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
69. National Treatment Standard National Treatment (standard) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on national treatment (standard) explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "national treatment (standard)" in the Parry and [...]...
70. Freedom From Inhuman Treatment Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
71. Elements of the NAFTA National Treatment Obligation Contents Elements of the NAFTA National Treatment Obligation By Jon R. Johnson Goodmans LLP (December 2, 2001) NAFTA Article 1102(1) ... Read more...
72. Application of the NAFTA National Treatment Obligation Contents Application of the NAFTA National Treatment Obligation Issues and Problems in the Application of the NAFTA National Treatment Obligation: ... Read more...
73. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment   Part I Article 1 1. For the purposes of this Convention, torture means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such [...]...
74. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 2 Contents Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment   Article 9 1. States Parties shall ... Read more...
75. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 3 Contents Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment   Article 19 1. The States Parties ... Read more...
76. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 4 Contents Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment   Article 23 The members of the ... Read more...
77. Different Functions in Goods and Services This section provides an overview of different functions in goods and services within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nicolas F Diebold, [...]...
78. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
79. Enabling Clause Enabling Clause and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Enabling Clause: Pan of the 1979 Framework Agreement providing a legal basis in GATT for industrial countries to grant [...]...
80. Direct Effect of International Agreements This section provides an overview of direct effect of international agreements within the legal context of The Role of the Domestic Courts in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Matthias Oesch, "Direct Effect [...]...
81. Regional Integration Regional Integration and Preferential Trade This section provides an overview of regional integration and preferential trade within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services [...]...
82. Unconditional Most Favoured Nation Unconditional MFN This section provides an overview of unconditional mfn within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading William J Davey, [...]...
83. Conditional Most Favoured Nation Conditional MFN This section provides an overview of conditional mfn within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles)....
84. Direct Expropriation Right to Use and Direct Expropriation This section provides an overview of right to use and direct expropriation within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Noah [...]...
85. Distribution Services This section provides an overview of distribution services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Joscelyn Magdeleine, "Distribution [...]...
86. Domestic Courts The Role of the Domestic Courts in International Economic Law In international economic law, the role of the domestic courts includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Direct Effect of International Agreements Fork-in-the-Road Provisions...
87. DSU: Jurisdiction and Procedures Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): Jurisdiction and Procedures This section provides an overview of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU): jurisdiction and procedures within the legal context of WTO [...]...
88. Comparability in International Economic Law Comparability in International Economic Law (Goods) This section provides an overview of comparability in International Economic Law (Goods) within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services [...]...
89. Standard of Review This section provides an overview of standard of review within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Petros C Mavroidis, "Standard of Review," [...]...
90. Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services This section provides an overview of non-discrimination in trade of goods and services within the legal context of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services in international economic law (Principles)....
91. Non-Discrimination in Trade of Services Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services in International Economic Law In international economic law, non-discrimination in trade of goods and services includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>National Treatment Most-Favoured Nation [...]...
92. Domestic Protecting Policies Domestic Protecting Policies Development This section provides an overview of Domestic Protecting Policies Development within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). [...]...
93. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
94. Domestic Policies Balancing a Diversity of Interests This section provides an overview of balancing a diversity of interests within the legal context of Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Jonathan Gass, "Balancing a Diversity of [...]...
95. Permanent Court of Arbitration Introduction to Permanent Court of Arbitration Permanent Court of Arbitration, panel of arbitrators established by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, signed by 24 nations at the first international peace conference at The Hague, the Netherlands, in 1899. The [...]...
96. Human Rights Introduction to Human Rights "Since World War II international law has become increasingly concerned with the protection of human rights. It has provided improved procedures for that purpose within the UN. This new emphasis has also been manifested in the adoption by the UN of the [...]...
97. Corruption Corruption Definition Corruption, wrongdoing by those in a special position of trust. The term is commonly applied to self-benefiting conduct by public officials and others dedicated to public service. (1) Corruption is not a technical term; it is not considered a criminal offence in most [...]...
98. Pacta Sunt Servanda Summary of Pacta Sunt Servanda A principle of international law that treaties and other international engagements are binding upon the nations that accede to them, and obligations accepted under such engagements must be performed, or reparations made in the event of a breach.(Main [...]...
99. Domestic Law Legal Issues Domestic Law as a source of International Commercial Law Domestic law, in the context of export and import control and foreign investment, is an important and difficult source of international commercial law. The difficulty arises from the fact that validity and enforcement of a [...]...
100. Commercial Arbitration In the U.S., commercial arbitration is used most often in the construction, garment, and textile industries; in cases involving insurance and negligence; in maritime disputes; and in controversies involving members of stock and commodity exchanges. All but six states have adopted modern [...]...
101. International Courts International Law: International Courts and Organizations Introduction to International Courts Judicial decisions rendered by international courts are important elements in identifying and confirming international legal rules. The most important international courts are the UN International [...]...
102. Environmental Protection Communities of all sizes, from townships to the national government, establish laws that govern how individuals acting within the community are to conduct themselves. The environment is arguably one of the newest considerations to be decided by and incorporated into the body of the law. The [...]...
103. Culture Culture and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Culture provided by the European Union Commission: Whilst the will to conduct cultural activities at European level was apparent as early as the 1970s, it was not until 1991 that culture was officially given a place in European [...]...
104. Trade Policy Review Mechanism Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM): A process of examination in the GATT Council to provide [...]...
105. Transparency In Public Administration and Policy Transparency and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Transparency: Openness, clarity, and predictability of a country's trade laws [...]...
106. Economic Sanctions UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, [...]...
107. International Enforcement Enforcement Jurisdiction Jurisdiction to Enforce in General This include the following: National Practice with Respect to Jurisdiction to Enforce International Law Governing Jurisdiction to Enforce Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in a Country This covers the [...]...
108. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
109. London Court of International Arbitration London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in International Trade Meaning of London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The LCIA is one of the world's leading international institutions for commercial [...]...
110. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
111. National Security The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI and the World Trade Organization The National Security Provision—GATT Article XXI in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. This section provides an overview of national security within the legal context [...]...
112. State Responsibility State Responsibility in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to State Responsibility: Also on October 21, 2013, Mr. Hill delivered remarks on the International Law Commission's draft articles on the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts [...]...
113. Debt Relief This section provides an overview of debt relief within the legal context of Combating Poverty in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance Resources Further [...]...
114. Delegated Regulations Delegated Regulations: Normalization This section provides an overview of delegated regulations: normalization within the legal context of International Economic Law and the Private Sector in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Simon Brinsmead, [...]...
115. Domestic Regulation Relating to Services Rules on Domestic Regulation Relating to Services This section provides an overview of rules on domestic regulation relating to services within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of [...]...
116. Domestic Regulation Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) This section provides an overview of domestic regulation (behind the borders) within the legal context of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) in [...]...
117. International Dispute Settlement Basic Principles of International Dispute Settlement in International Economic Law In international economic law, basic principles of international dispute settlement includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Pacta Sunt Servanda State [...]...
118. Investor-State Conflict Management This section provides an overview of investor-state conflict management within the legal context of Forms of Enforcement in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Roberto Echandi and Mariana Hernandez Crespo Gonstead, [...]...
119. Forms of Enforcement Forms of Enforcement in International Economic Law In international economic law, forms of enforcement includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TRPM) Investor-State Conflict Management Other Forms of Enforcement...
120. Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) This section provides an overview of arbitration institute of the stockholm chamber of commerce (scc) within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and [...]...