Dictionary of International Trade
Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator)
Contents
The Dictionary of International Trade of Global Negotiator include, among others, the following terms and acronyms:
- Back haul
- Back letter
- Back order
- Back to back letter of credit
- Backhauling
- Bad faith
- BAF
- Bailee
- Bailment
- Balance of payments
- Balance of trade
- Bale
- Bank acceptance
- Bank draft
- Bank guarantee
- Bareboat charter
- Barrel (Bbl.)
- Barter
- Base port
- Basel Convention
- BATNA
- Bearer
- Bearer document
- Beneficiary
- Berne Convention
- Berth
- Best and final offer (BFO)
- Bid bond
- Biding
- Bilateral trade agreement
- Bill of adventure
- Bill of exchange
- Bill of Lading B/L
- Bill of parcels
- Bill-to party
- Binder
- Blank endorsement
- Blockade
- Boilerplate clauses
- Bolero
- Bonded warehouse
- Border protection
- Border tax adjustment (BTA)
- Bordereau
- Born global
- Bottom line
- Boycott
- Bracketed
- Break clause
- Breakbulk
- Breakbulk cargo
- Bribery
- Bridgeport
- Broken stowage
- Broker
- Brokerage
- Brokerage agreement
- Brussels Tariff Nomenclature (BTN)
- BS Bunker Adjustment Factor
- Buffer stocks
- Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
- Bulk cargo
- Bulk carrier
- Bulk freight
- Bureau International des Expositions (BIE)
- Business cooperation contract (BCC)
- Business culture
- Buy-back (compensation)
- Buying agent
- Cabotage
- Call option
- Calvo doctrine
- Capacity to contract
- Capital account
- Captain’s protest
- Car seal
- Cargo
- Cargo agent
- Cargo insurance
- Cargo insurance certificate
- Cargo manifest
- CARICOM
- Carriage contract
- Carrier
- Carrier liability limit
- Cartage
- Cartel
- Cartment
- Cash against documents (CAD)
- Cash in advance (CAI)
- Cash on delivery (COD)
- Cash with order (CWO)
- Casualty
- Caveat emptor
- CCC Mark
- CE Mark
- CEO
- Certificate of analysis
- Certificate of authority
- Certificate of conformity
- Certificate of free sale
- Certificate of health
- Certificate of inspection
- Certificate of manufacture
- Certificate of Origin
- Certificate of radioactivity
- Certificate of weight
- Certification of Origin Form A
- Certified invoice
- CFR Cost and Freight
- CFS Charge
- CFS Container Freight Station
- CFS Receiving Services
- CFS/CFS
- Chaebols
- Chargé d’affaires
- Chargeable Weight
- Charges collect
- Charter party
- Charter party bill of lading
- Checker
- Chock
- CIETAC
- CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight
- CIM Transport document
- CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to
- Circumvention
- CISG
- CITES
- Civil Law
- Claimant
- Claused bill of lading
- Clean bill of exchange
- Clean bill of lading
- Clean collection
- Clean draft
- Clean float
- Clean letter of credit
- Clean on board bill of lading
- Clean receipt
- Clean report of findings
- Clean transport document
- Clearance
- CMR Transport document
- Co-branding
- COFACE country risk
- Collateral
- Collect charges
- Collecting bank
- Collection
- Collection fee
- Collection letter
- Collusion
- Combined Nomenclature (CN)
- Combined transport
- Combined transport document (CTD)
- Comfort letter
- Commercial agency
- Commercial counsellor
- Commercial counterfeiting
- Commercial in confidence
- Commercial invoice
- Commercial presence
- Commercial risk
- Commercial sensitive information
- Commercial treaty
- Commercial value
- Commission
- Commission agent
- Commission sales agreement
- Commissioning
- Commodity
- Common carrier
- Common external tariff
- Common Law
- Common market
- Compact palletization
- Comparative advantage
- Compatible cargo
- Compensation deal
- Compensatory trade
- Competitive intelligence
- Compound duty
- Compulsory licensing
- Comtrade
- Concealed damage
- Confidential information
- Confidentiality agreement
- Confirmed letter of credit
- Confirming
- Confirming bank
- Confirming house
- Conflict of laws
- Congestion surcharge
- Consignee
- Consignee marks
- Consignment
- Consignment contract
- Consignor
- Consolidated container
- Consolidated shipment
- Consolidation
- Consolidator
- Consular declaration
- Consular documentation
- Consular invoice
- Consular visa
- Container
- Container freight station (CFS)
- Container handling charge
- Container manifest
- Container number
- Container rental surcharge
- Container terminal
- Container vessel
- Container yard (CY)
- Containerizable cargo
- Contingency insurance
- Contract guarantee
- Contract manufacturing
- Contracting parties
- Contractual joint venture
- Convertibility
- Convertible currency
- Copyright
- Correspondent bank
- Counterfeit
- Counteroffer
- Counterparty
- Counterpurchase
- Countertrade
- Countervailing duties
- Country of departure
- Country of destination
- Country of origin
- Country risk
- Courtage
- Cover note
- CPT Carriage Paid to
- Credit risk insurance
- Cross-culture business
- Crossed check
- Cultural differences
- Currency
- Currency adjustment factor (CAD)
- Currency future
- Currency option
- Current account
- Current balance
- Customs
- Customs area
- Customs bonded warehouse
- Customs broker
- Customs classification
- Customs clearance
- Customs duty
- Customs entry
- Customs invoice
- Customs union
- Customs valuation
- Cut-off time
- D/S Days after sight
- DAF Delivered at Frontier
- Damages
- Dangerous goods
- Dangerous Goods Declaration
- DAP Delivered at Place
- DAT Delivered at Terminal
- Date draft
- DDC Delivered destination charges
- DDP Delivered Duty Paid
- DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid
- Dead freight
- Deadline
- Deadweight
- Deadweight cargo
- Deal breaker
- Dealer
- Deck cargo
- Declared value for carriage
- Deconsolidation point
- Default
- Deferred payment letter of credit
- Del credere
- Delay clause
- Delivery
- Delivery instructions
- Delivery lead time
- Delivery note
- Delivery order (D/O)
- Demand guarantee
- Demurrage
- Depreciation
- DEQ Delivered ex Quay
- DES Delivered ex Ship
- Destination delivery charge
- Destuffing
- Detention charges
- Devaluation
- Devanning
- Developed countries
- Developing countries
- Deviation clause
- Devil’s advocate
- Dimensional weight
- Direct foreign investment
- Direct tax
- Dirty float
- Discharge
- Discount
- Discrepancies
- Discrimination
- Dispatch money
- Distortion
- Distributive bargain
- Distributor
- Dock
- Dock receipt
- Documentary collection
- Documentary credit
- Documentary instructions
- Documents against acceptance (D/A)
- Documents against payment (D/P)
- Doing Business Project
- Domicile
- Door-to-airport
- Door-to-door
- Door-to-port
- Double column tariff
- Downstream dumping
- Draft
- Drawback
- Drawee
- Drawer
- Drawing
- Drayage
- Drum
- Dry port
- Due diligence
- Dumping
- DUNS number
- Duopoly
- Duty
- Duty paid
- E & OE Errors and omissions excepted
- E-auction
- E-marketplace
- Eco-label
- Economic integration
- Economic union
- EDI
- EDIFACT
- EFTA
- Embargo
- Enabling clause
- End date
- Endorsee
- Endorsement
- Endorser
- Entrepot
- Equity joint venture (EJV)
- Equivalence
- Escrow account
- ETA Estimated time of arrival
- ETD Estimated time of departure
- eUCP
- EUR 1 Movement Certificate
- EUR-Lex
- EURO-pallet
- Eurobox
- Europages
- European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG)
- European option
- Eurostat
- Evergreen letter of credit
- Ex ante, ex post
- Ex Cellar
- Ex Factory
- Exchange control
- Exchange rate
- Exchange risk
- Excise tax
- Exclusive distribution
- Exculpatory clause
- Execution
- Exhibit
- Expatriate
- Expatriate contract
- Expiration date
- Expiry date
- Export
- Export broker
- Export business plan
- Export clearance
- Export contract
- Export credit insurance
- Export declaration
- Export duty
- Export entry modes
- Export incentives
- Export license
- Export management company (EMC)
- Export manager
- Export marks
- Export packing
- Export processing zone (EPZ)
- Export quota
- Export subsidies
- Export-performance measure
- Expression of interest (EOI)
- EXW Ex Works
- Facilitation payment
- Factoring
- FAK Freight of all kinds
- FAS Free Alongside
- Fast track
- FBL FIATA Bill of Lading
- FCA Free Carrier
- FCL Full Container Load
- FCR Forwarder’s certificate receipt
- FDI Foreign Direct Investment
- Feeder vessel
- Fees
- FEU Forty-foot equivalent unit
- FHEX
- FHINC
- FIATA
- FIFO First in, first out
- FILO First in, last out
- FIO Free in and out
- FIOST Free in, out, stowed and trimmed
- Fixing
- Flag carrier
- Flag of convenience
- Flagship store
- Floating currency
- Floating exchange rate
- Flotsam
- FOB Airport
- FOB Free on Board
- FOR Free on Rail
- Force majeure clause
- Foreign currency
- Foreign currency account
- Foreign exchange
- Forfaiting
- Fork lift
- Forklift trucks
- Forward exchange contract
- Forward exchange option
- Forward rate
- Forwarder
- FOT Free on track
- Foul bill of lading
- Foul transport document
- Four-way pallet
- Free of capture and seizure
- Free of particular average (FAP)
- Free of particular average (FPA)
- Free trade
- Free trade
- Free trade agreement (FTA)
- Free trade area
- Free trade zone
- Freely negotiable
- Freight
- Freight collect
- Freight forwarder
- Freight prepaid
- Freight prepayable
- Freight rebate
- Future contract
- G-7 Group of Seven
- G-77 Group of Seventy Seven
- Gateway
- GATS
- GATT
- Gauger
- General average (GA)
- General average contribution
- General cargo rate
- General cargo vessels
- General conditions of international sale
- General order
- General partnership
- General tariff
- Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
- Global Competitiveness Report
- Global quota
- Global strategy
- Global Trade Alert
- Globalization
- Globaltrade
- GmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränker Haftung
- Go-between
- Gold reserves
- Gold standard
- Governing law clause
- Government procurement
- Grey market
- Grid
- Gross sales
- Gross terms
- Gross tonnage
- Gross weight
- Groupage
- Guanxi
- Guaranteed freight
- Guarantor
- Guaranty
- Hague Rules
- Halal certificate
- Hamburg Rules
- Harbor fees
- Hard money (currency)
- Harmonized System (HS)
- Hatch
- Haulage
- Hazardous materials (HAZMAT)
- Heavy lift
- Hedging
- Hidden costs
- High context cultures
- High cube
- Hinterland logistics
- Hold
- Holder in due course
- Holding company
- Homologation
- House airway bill (HAWB)
- House bill of lading (House B/L)
- House-to-house
- HS 6-digit
- Hub system
- Husbanding
- IATA International Air Transport Association
- ICC International Chamber of Commerce
- ICC International Court of Arbitration
- ICDR
- Ice clause
- ICEX
- IHC Inland Haulage Charges
- Import
- Import clearance
- Import contract
- Import duty
- Import license
- Import quota
- Import restrictions
- Import substitution
- Importer
- In transit entry (I.T.)
- In trust (documents)
- In-bond
- Inbound logistics
- Incorporated (Inc.)
- Incoterms
- Indemnity
- Indirect tax
- Inducement
- Industrial design
- Infotrade
- Inherent vice
- Inland carrier
- Inland clearance depot
- Institute Cargo Clauses
- Insurable interest
- Insurance broker
- Insurance certificate
- Insurance coverage
- Insurance policy
- Insurance premium
- Insured
- Insured value
- Integrated contract
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
- Intended
- Intercultural business
- Interline
- Intermediary
- Intermediate consignee
- Intermodal transport
- International agreement
- International Arrangement on Export Credits
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- International business plan
- International business protocol
- International Center of Dispute Resolutions (ICDR)
- International consultant
- International Container Bureau (BIC)
- International contracts
- International Development Association (IDA)
- International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- International franchising
- International Group of P & I Clubs
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International procurement
- International product life cycle (IPLC)
- International Road Transport Union (IRU)
- International Road Transportation Convention (CMR)
- International sales contract
- International service provider
- International trade websites
- International Underwriting Association of London (IUA)
- INTRACEN
- Intrastat
- Invisible barriers to trade
- Invisible trade
- Invitation to tender (ITT)
- Inward foreign manifest (IFM)
- Ipso jure
- Irrevocable corporate purchase order (ICPO)
- Irrevocable letter of credit
- ISO
- Issuance
- Issue date
- Issuing bank
- ITU Intermodal transport unit
- JETRO
- Jetsam
- Jettison
- Joint and several liability
- Joint venture
- Jurat
- Juridical person
- Keiretsu
- Key currency
- Key performance indicators (KPIs)
- KISS
- Knot
- Know loss
- Know-how
- Kompass
- Kosher certificate
- KOTRA
- Landbridge
- Landed costs
- Landed value
- Landlocked
- Language clause
- Lashing
- Lay order
- Laytime
- LCL Less than container load
- LCL/FCL
- LCL/LCL
- Lead time
- Legal entity
- Legalized invoice
- Less developed country (LDC)
- Lesser developed country (LLDC)
- Letter of assignment
- Letter of correction
- Letter of credit (L/C)
- Letter of Indemnity (LOI)
- Letter of Intent (LOI)
- Letter of Introduction (LOI)
- Leverage
- Lex mercatoria
- Licence
- License agreements
- Licensee
- Licensor
- LIFO Liner in free out
- Lift truck
- Lift-On/Lift-Off (Lo/Lo)
- Lifting cart
- Lighterage
- Limitada (Ltda.)
- Limitation period
- Limited (Ltd.)
- Limited liability
- Limited partnership
- Line haul
- Liner service
- Liner shipping
- Liner tariff reduction
- Liner terms (LT)
- Liquidated damages
- Lloyd’s Register
- Loading
- Logistic services contract
- Logistics platform
- London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
- Long date forward
- Longshoreman
- Losing face
- Low context cultures
- LTL Less than truck load
- M/T (Metric Ton)
- Madrid Agreement
- Main carriage
- Maintenance
- Managing director
- Manifest
- Manufacturing license agreement
- Margin
- Marine bill of Lading B/L
- Marine cargo insurance
- Market Access Data Base
- Market risk
- Marks
- Markup pricing
- Master air waybill (MAWB)
- Master form
- Master franchise
- Mate’s receipt
- Maturity date
- Measurement cargo
- Measurement ton
- Mediation
- Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
- Merchant’s credit
- Merchant’s haulage
- MERCOSUR
- Middleman
- MIGA
- Mixed container load
- Money laundering
- Money order
- Monopoly
- Monopsony
- Most Favoured Nation treatment (MFN)
- Multicurrency clause
- Multidomestic strategy
- Multilateral agreement
- Multimodal transport
- Multimodal transport bill of lading
- Multimodal transport document
- Multimodal transport operator (MTO)
- Multinational corporation (MNC)
- Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs)
- NAFTA
- Named place
- NCND Non-circumvention non-disclosure agreement
- NDA Non-disclosure agreement
- Nearshoring
- Negotiable bill of lading B/L
- Negotiable instrument
- Negotiable warehouse receipt
- Negotiating bank
- Negotiation
- Negotiations
- NES
- NESOI
- Net price
- Net profit
- Net terms
- Net tonnage
- Net weight
- Neutral marks
- No commercial value (NCV)
- Non-negotiable B/L
- Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
- Normal valu
- Nostro account
- Not otherwise specified (NOS)
- Notary public
- Notify address
- Notify party
- NVOCC
- Oanda
- Ocean bill of lading
- OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing
- Offer
- Offset requirements
- Offshoring
- Oligopoly
- Oligopsony
- On-board B/L
- On-board notation
- On-carriage
- On-deck
- Open account
- Open marine cargo insurance policy
- Open policy (OP)
- Open top container
- Open-end contract
- Opportunity cost
- Option
- Order
- Order bill of lading
- Original documents
- Outbound logistics
- Outright
- Outsourcing
- Overdraft
- Pacific Alliance
- Packaging film
- Packing list
- Pallet
- Pallet loader
- Pallet transporter
- Palletizing
- Par value
- Parallel imports
- Paramount clause
- Parent company
- Paris Convention
- Parity
- Partial shipment
- Particular average
- Partnership
- Party at risk
- Patent
- Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
- Payee
- Payer
- Paying bank
- Payment at sight
- Payment in advance
- Payment terms
- Payment under reserves
- Perfect competition
- Performance bond
- Phytosanitary certificate
- Pickup and delivery (PU & D)
- Pickup order
- Pier-to-house
- Pier-to-pier
- Piggyback distribution
- Piggyback logistics
- Pilferage
- Place of delivery
- Place of receipt
- Point of origin
- Port of call
- Port of debarkation (POD)
- Port of embarkation (POE)
- Port of entry
- Port of exit
- Port of loading
- Port-to-port
- Portfolio investment
- Post-tender-negotiation (PTN)
- Postdated check
- Power of attorney
- Pre-advice
- Pre-carriage
- Pre-qualified suppliers list
- Pre-shipment inspection (PSI)
- Preferences
- Preferential cargo
- Premises
- Premium
- Prepaid
- Prescription period
- Presentation date
- Presenting bank
- Price differentiation
- Price standardization
- Price undertaking
- Prima Facie
- Principal
- Prior import deposit
- ProChile
- Procurement
- ProExport
- Profit
- Proforma invoice
- ProMéxico
- Promissory note
- Proof of delivery (POD)
- Protectionism
- Protest
- Proxy
- Purchase order
- Purchasing agent
- Purchasing power parity (PPP)
- Put option
- Quality
- Quality assurance
- Quality control
- Quantitative restrictions
- Quay
- Quota
- Quotation
- Railway consignment note
- Range
- Re-exports
- Receipt
- Received for shipment B/L
- Red clause L/C
- Reefer container
- Reimbursing bank
- Reinsurance
- Remittance
- Remittance following collection
- Remitter
- Remitting bank
- Representative office
- Request for information (RFI)
- Request for proposal (RFP)
- Request for quotation (RFQ)
- Request for tender (RFT)
- Rescind
- Reserve currency
- Restitution
- Restricted letter credit
- Retaliation
- Retention of title clause
- Revaluation
- Revenue ton (R/T)
- Reverse logistics
- Reverse option
- Revocable L/C
- Revolving L/C
- Risks analysis
- Roll-on/roll-off (RoRo)
- Rollover credit
- Rounding
- Royalties
- Rules of origin
- Running days
- SAD
- Safeguards
- Said to contain (STC)
- Sales agent
- Sales representative
- Sales tax
- Salvage
- Salvage loss
- Sample
- Sanction
- Sanitary certificate
- Sanitary measures
- Schedule
- Sea waybill
- Second advising bank
- Self insured
- Settlement date
- Severability clause
- SHEX
- SHICN
- Shipbroker
- Shipment
- Shipment date
- Shipped on deck
- Shipper
- Shipper’s letter of instruction (SLI)
- Shipper’s load and count
- Shipper’s load and count (S & C)
- Shipping conference
- Shipping documents
- Shipping instructions
- Shipping order
- Shipping weight
- Shop in shop
- Short delivery (SD)
- Short form B/L
- Short-shipped
- Side loader
- Side-door container
- Silent confirmation
- Sister company
- SITC
- Sling
- SMART
- SMEs
- Smuggling
- Sociedad Anónima (S.A.)
- Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.R.L.)
- Societé à Responsabilité Limitée (S.R.L.)
- Societé Anonyme (S.A.)
- Soft currency
- Sogo Shosha
- Sovereign default
- Sovereign risk
- Special cargo policy
- Special marine policy
- Specific duty
- Spot cash
- Spot exchange
- Spot exchange rate
- Spot market
- Spot price
- Spot rate
- Standard Shipping Note (SSN)
- Standby L/C
- Start date
- Statement of Work (SOW)
- STC Said to contain
- Steamship agent
- Steamship line
- Stevedore
- Stop loss order
- Storage
- Storage demurrage
- Storage in transit
- Store-door delivery
- Stowage
- Straddle carrier
- Straight B/L
- Straight L/C
- Strategic alliance
- Strike clause
- Strike price
- Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotion Clause (SRCC)
- Stripping
- Stuffing
- STW Said to weigh
- Subcontractor
- Subrogation
- Subsidiary
- Sue & Labor clause
- Sunk costs
- Supplier
- Supplier appraisal
- Supplier lead time
- Supply
- Supply chain
- Supply contract
- Surcharge
- Surety bond
- Surveyor
- Sustainability
- Swap
- SWIFT
- Switch arrangements
- T/T Telegraphic transfer
- Tare weight
- Tariff
- Tariff biding
- Tariff escalation
- Tariff quotas
- Tax haven
- Technical specifications
- Technology transfer
- Tender
- Tender proposal
- Termination of contracts
- Terms and Conditions (TS & Cs)
- Terms of sale
- Terms of trade
- Territory
- TEU Twenty-foot equivalent unit
- THC Terminal handling charges
- Third-party beneficiary
- Third-party logistics
- Through bill of lading
- Through rate
- Time bar
- Time charter
- Time draft
- Time value money
- TIR Carnet
- Title transfer
- Total cost of ownership (TCO)
- Trade acceptance
- Trade Act
- Trade barriers
- Trade deficit
- Trade documents
- Trade facilitation
- Trade fair
- Trade finance
- Trade Map
- Trade mission
- Trade name
- Trade promotion organizations
- Trade secret
- Trade surplus
- Trade terms
- Trademark ™
- Trademark license agreement
- Tradeoffs
- Trading company
- Tramp vessel
- Transaction value
- Transfer of ownership
- Transfer pricing
- Transferable letter of credit
- Transit zone
- Transshipment
- Tri-temp
- Triangular trade
- Trigger price mechanism
- Trimming
- TRIMS
- Trust receipt
- TSNN
- Turnkey
- Turnkey contract
- Tying arrangement
- UBIFRANCE
- UCP 600
- ULD
- UNCITRAL
- Unclaimed freight
- Unconfirmed letter of credit
- Undercarrier
- Unenforceable contract
- Unfair calling insurance
- Unfair competition
- UNIDROIT
- Uniform Rules for Collections (URC)
- Uniform Rules for Contract Guarantees (URCG)
- Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG)
- Unilateral
- Unique selling proposition (USP)
- Unit load
- Unitization
- UNTACD
- Upstream subsidies
- Usance draft
- Usance L/C
- Validity
- Valuation charges
- Valuation clause
- Value for money (VFM)
- Vanning
- Variable levy
- VAT
- Vendor agreement
- Vienna Convention
- Visible trade
- VOCC
- Voidable contract
- Vostro account
- W/M
- Waiver
- War risk
- War risk insurance
- Warehouse receipt
- Warehouse-to-warehouse clause
- Warranty
- Warsaw Convention
- Waybill
- WCF
- WCO
- Weight
- Wharf
- Wharfage
- Wharfinger
- Win-lose strategy
- Win-win strateg
- WIPO
- With Average (WA)
- Without prejudice
- Without reserve
- World Bank Group
- World Economic Forum
- WTO
- York Antwerp Rules
- Zero-sum game
- Zeroing
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