Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
2. Import Rulings In the United States For information about Import Rulings in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
4. Tariff Schedule Tariff Schedule and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Schedule: A comprehensive list of the goods, which a country imports, and the import duties applicable to each [...]...
5. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
8. Customs Law Rules In the United States For information about Customs Law Rules in the context of international trade, click here...
9. Customs Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
10. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Kyoto Convention An international agreement, sponsored by the Customs cooperation Council (read this and related legal terms for further details), the object of which is to harmonize the methods and procedures of national customs authori......
15. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
16. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Delivered at Place (DAP) Delivered at Place in International Trade Meaning of DAP (Delivered at Place), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms DAP the seller delivers the goods, without unloading, at the place of destination in the buyer's country. The transport [...]...
18. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
19. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
20. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Import Contract Import Contract in International Trade Meaning of Import Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The import contract is suitable when a company is buying goods from abroad by way of import in the course of a business to business transaction. The [...]...
22. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
23. Labeling Requirements In the United States For information about Labeling Requirements in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Most-favored-nation A privilege granted to a nation to have customs duties levied upon its products at the lowest rate offered to any other nation. Customarily, the extension of most favored nation status is reciprocal. See tariff (Customs).......
25. Free List A listing of all commodities on which no customs duties are imposed.......
26. Deductive Value Method An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation code (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
27. Antidumping Law In the United States For information about Antidumping law in the context of international trade, click here Description of Antidumping Law Resources See Also Dumping Customs Duties Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Antidumping Law in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from [...]...
28. Import Law Harmonized System In the United States For information about Import Law Harmonized System in the context of international trade, click here...
29. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
30. Import Procedures In the United States For information about Import Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
31. Intermingled Goods In the United States For information about Intermingled goods in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Delivered at Terminal (DAT) Delivered at Terminal in International Trade Meaning of DAT (Delivered at Terminal), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms DAT the seller delivers the goods unloaded at a port terminal or another place of destination in the buyer's [...]...
33. Liquidation In the United States For information about Liquidation in the context of international trade, click here...
34. Mitigation In the United States For information about Mitigation in the context of international trade, click here...
35. Warehouse In the United States For information about Warehouse in the context of international trade, click here...
36. Superdeductive A procedure authorized by U.S. Customs in ascertaining the deductive value of merchandise for assessment of ad valorem duties; deductive valuation is an alternative valuation method specified in the customs valuation agreement (...
37. Government Procurement Government Procurement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Government Procurement: Government policies and procedures for purchasing goods and services. Procurement [...]...
38. Goods Flow of Goods and Services In this global economy, the flow of goods and services across borders, otherwise known as trade, is a critical factor to the health and growth of a country’s economy. Yet many developing countries struggle with legal, institutional, and operational constraints that [...]...
39. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
40. Container Freight Station A warehouse or terminal licensed by U.S. Customs to receive in-bond consolidations of containerized cargo. The containers delivered to this station carry imported merchandise in small lots destined to many consignees; the goods will be removed from the containers under customs supervision and [...]...
41. Imports Minimum Import Price and International Trade Sea Turtle Conservation and Shrimp Imports In relation to the international law practice and Sea Turtle Conservation and Shrimp Imports in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment, Transnational Scientific Issues [...]...
42. Import Surge Import Surge and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Surge: A substantial and usually unforeseen increase in imports above recent trends for a particular product or [...]...
43. Parallel Imports Parallel Imports and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Parallel Imports: Goods, which are authorized by the owner of intellectual properly rights for sale in one country, but [...]...
44. Freely Offered Goods offered in the normal course of trade to all buying on essentially the same basis, e.g., with like prices, terms, discounts, et cetera. Under prior valuation schemes, the value at which the goods were "freely offered" served as the basis for the assessment of customs duties; this con......
45. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
46. Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Free Trade Agreement: An agreement between two or more countries establishing a free trade area (FTA)....
47. Court of International Trade Proceedings In the United States For information about Court of international trade proceedings in the context of international trade, click here...
48. Trade Competition Patent, copyright, and trademark laws ...
49. Free Alongside A condition in a shipping contract whereby the shipper bears all costs of delivering the goods up to a ship's tackle. This definition is modified to accommodate local customs of the port. ......
50. In-bond The condition of goods that have been temporarily exempted from customs clearance and duties, in lieu of which the importer or custodian of the goods has posted a surety with customs authorities to ensure that the goods will not be released or consumed until formal examination and clearance [...]...
51. Zone Restricted Status A condition accorded to goods entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) solely for destruction or exportation to another country. These goods may not be manipulated or proc......
52. Unfair Trade Practices Unfair Trade Practices and the Laws of International Trade Executive review of unfair trade practices: Background Unfair Trade and Import Competition Regulation Procedure: Initiation of investigation The investigation Monitoring Recent developments The escape clause: [...]...
53. Trade Barriers Standards-Related Activity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards-Related Activity: An activity undertaken in conjunction with administration or enforcement of [...]...
54. Civil Enforcement In the United States For information about Civil enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
55. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Prior Disclosure In the United States For information about Prior disclosure in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Terminal Handling Charges Terminal Handling Charges in International Trade Meaning of THC (Terminal Handling Charges), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Charges assessed for services rendered within the container terminals or with respect to containers which will be processed [...]...
58. Drawback A feature of U.S. customs law that permits an American exporter to recover duties paid on foreign components or raw materials later fabricated into American products and exported. Upon exportation of the manufactured article a recovery or drawback, equal to 99 percent of the duties paid on the [...]...
59. General Order A condition imposed upon merchandise that is imported into the customs territory of the United States but that is not promptly cleared through customs. General order merchandise is deposited in an approved warehouse pending disposition. Section 127 of the Customs Regulations governs the [...]...
60. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
61. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
62. Countertrade A commercial arrangement in which the buyer pays for his purchases, wholly or partly, with something other than money. Very often countertrade deals include some cash, but a significant portion of the transaction is settled with commodities or services. Countertrade has been employed heavily [...]...
63. Duty Laws In the United States For information about Duty laws in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Delivery Order Written instructions issued by the owner of goods or his authorized agent to the holder of such goods directing that the merchandise be released or shipped to a specified party.......
65. Delivery Instructions Delivery Instructions in International Trade Meaning of Delivery Instructions, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Specific delivery instructions for the freight forwarder or carrier stating exactly where the goods are to be delivered, the deadline, and the [...]...
66. Delivery Lead Time Delivery Lead Time in International Trade Meaning of Delivery Lead Time, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The time from the receipt of a customer order to the delivery of the product....
67. Delivery Note Delivery Note in International Trade Meaning of Delivery Note, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The delivery note is a document that certifies the delivery of goods to the buyer, who must sign it to make it clear that the goods have been delivered in [...]...
68. Destination Delivery Charge Destination Delivery Charge in International Trade Meaning of Destination Delivery Charge, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A charge, based on the container size, which is applied in many tariffs to cargo. This charge is considered accessorial and is [...]...
69. Franco Delivery A delivery to a consignee of goods upon which all charges, including freight, have been paid.......
70. Overside Delivery Clause A provision in some charter parties permitting the consignee to take delivery in his own lighters, providing that the parcels to be discharged reach a specified minimum quantity. The provision is also known as a tackle clause.......
71. Split Delivery A load of cargo that a carrier must break down into smaller quantities and deliver to multiple consignees. It is common for a carrier to impose an additional charge for this service.......
72. Terms Of Delivery A specification of the point at which title and risk of loss on merchandise are transferred from seller to buyer. The point of transfer is determined by commercial negotiations or customs of the particular trade and is stipulated by such terms as F.O.B. (named point), C.I.F. (named port), and ex war......
73. Re-Delivery The point in time at which a charterer returns operational control of the vessel to the owner.......
74. Good Delivery Bar The standard gold bar used in international transactions, having a purity of at least 99.5 percent pure gold, and weighing between 350 and 430 troy ounces. The shape of the bar is immaterial, although U.S. bars are traditionally brick-shaped, whereas foreign-poured bars are trapezoidal.......
75. Cash on Delivery Cash on Delivery (COD) in International Trade Meaning of Cash on Delivery (COD), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment term under which payment for the shipped goods is to be made to the carrier at time of delivery. This practice is not recommended [...]...
76. Pickup and Delivery Pickup and Delivery (PU & D) in International Trade Meaning of Pickup and Delivery (PU & D), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Freight quote that includes service of picking cargo up at shipper's premises and delivering it at consignee's premises....
77. Proof of Delivery Proof of Delivery (POD) in International Trade Meaning of Proof of Delivery (POD), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document required from the carrier or driver for proper payment. POD includes the time of delivery, full delivery address, and the name [...]...
78. Short Delivery Short Delivery (SD) in International Trade Meaning of Short Delivery (sd), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-delivery of cargo at the intended port. When reported, this will result in the ship's agent sending a cargo tracer to locate the mission cargo....
79. Store-door Delivery Store-door Delivery in International Trade Meaning of Store-door Delivery, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The movement of gods to the consignee's place of business, customarily applied to movement by truck....
80. Non-Conforming Delivery Contents Non-Conforming Delivery Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980: Special Cases Partial Delivery and Partial ... Read more...
81. Document Delivery Resources See Also Library Law Library Legal Deposit Public Law Library Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
82. International Import Certificate/ Delivery Verification System A control mechanism established by certain Western countries to prevent diversion of strategic commodities to communist-bloc countries. The system was devised by COCOM (read this and related legal terms for further details...
83. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
84. Country of Origin For customs tariff purposes, the country in which an imported product was manufactured, grown, or produced. When goods pass through more than one country in the process of manufacture, the country of origin does not change unless the product has been transformed substantially; minor [...]...
85. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
86. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
87. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
88. Place of Delivery Place of Delivery in International Trade Meaning of Place of Delivery, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Place where cargo leaves the care and custody of carrier....
89. Jail Delivery Resources See Also Gaol...
90. Collect on Delivery Resources See Also C. O. D....
91. Constructive Delivery Resources See Also Delivery...
92. Electronic Document Delivery Resources See Also Publishing Publishing Contract Legal Publisher Academic Publishing...
93. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
94. Devaluation Summary of Devaluation The official reduction of the value of a nation's money in relation to a standard (usually gold), special drawing rights, or the U.S. dollar. Inasmuch as all currencies are ultimately valued in terms of some standard, devaluation results in the conscious increase [...]...
95. Duty A tax imposed by governmental authority on goods imported. The amount of the duty imposed on any given article is prescribed in the nation's [...]...
96. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
97. International Trade International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times [...]...
98. Actual Delivery Resources See Also Delivery...
99. Case of Postal Versus Express Delivery Services Services: The Case of Postal Versus Express Delivery Services and the World Trade Organization Services: The Case of Postal Versus Express Delivery Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
100. World Trade Organization Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has [...]...
101. Dead Freight A payment made by a charterer to the owner of a vessel as compensation for stowing the ship to less than its capacity. The charterer is bound to ship a "full and complete cargo"; since freight is payable only on the cargo actually shipped, failure to deliver a full load deprives the [...]...
102. Devanning Synonymous with stripping or unloading a container or trailer.......
103. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
104. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
105. Terms of Trade Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade [...]...
106. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
107. Trademark A device, symbol, or word used by a firm to distinguish its products from those of other manufacturers. The object of trademarks is to permit brand identification of products, which may permit a more ready market acceptance of current and new products. Trademarks are protected in the United [...]...
108. Entry of Goods Entry of Goods and the Laws of International Trade Entry of goods: Overview Customs Trade Law The entry process Evidence of right to make entry Entry for consumption Entry documents Surety Entry summary documentation Electronic entry: Automated Commercial [...]...
109. Import Restrictions Import Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Restrictions: Measures to limit or control the volume of imports by means of tariffs ornontariff barriers [...]...
110. Preferences Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preferences: Special trade advantages granted by an importing country to certain trading partners, in contrast to [...]...
111. Rules of Origin Rules of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rules of Origin: The laws, regulations, and administrative practices that are applied to ascribe acountry of origin to [...]...
112. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
113. Importer In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here...
114. Liquidated Damages In the United States For information about Liquidated damages in the context of international trade, click here Liquidated Damages in International Trade Meaning of Liquidated Damages, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sum of money that a contracting [...]...
115. Barter Summary of Barter A direct exchange of products without cash. In some cases, a third party is brought into the transaction to dispose of some or all of the goods in a third country; this practice is known as switch trading. See Countertrade.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Barter [...]...
116. Blockade Summary of Blockade An interdiction of maritime traffic to and/or from a given port or nation by the naval forces of another nation. Blockades usually arise out of declared war or other belligerent condition between the country whose area is blockaded and the country whose forces have [...]...
117. Boycott Summary of Boycott A conspiracy or coalition for the purpose of impeding the commerce of another. Boycotts are often attempts to advance political objectives by economic means and fall into two categories; the primary boycott, in which a party to the boycott refrains from trading with the [...]...
118. Cabotage Summary of Cabotage Literally, coastwise navigation, generally used to denote the proscription of foreign flag vessels in a nation's coastwise trade. Since an act of Congress in 1817 (2 Stat. 351), the coastwise trade of the United States has been reserved exclusively to American [...]...
119. Capital Account Entries in a nation's balance of payment accounts reflecting long- or shortterm loans made to other countries, or by other countries to the recording nation. See Balance of Payments.......
120. Cartel Summary of Cartel An alliance among firms in the same line of business aimed at controlling or dominating their field on an international basis.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Definition of Cartel In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Cartel : [...]...