Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Tariff Schedule Tariff Schedule and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Schedule: A comprehensive list of the goods, which a country imports, and the import duties applicable to each [...]...
2. Tariff Classification In the United States For information about Tariff classification in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Unentered Goods In the United States For information about Unentered goods in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Most-favored-nation A privilege granted to a nation to have customs duties levied upon its products at the lowest rate offered to any other nation. Customarily, the extension of most favored nation status is reciprocal. See tariff (Customs).......
5. Rules of Origin Rules of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rules of Origin: The laws, regulations, and administrative practices that are applied to ascribe acountry of origin to [...]...
6. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
7. Harmonized Tariff System In the United States For information about Harmonized Tariff System in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
9. Tariff Code In the United States For information about Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
10. Informed Compliance Definition In the United States For information about Informed Compliance Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature In the United States For information about Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Import Law In the United States For information about Import Law in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Merchandise In the United States For information about Merchandise in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Marking Rules Packaging, Labeling, and Marking Regulations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Packaging, Labeling, and Marking Regulations: National requirements that importers must [...]...
15. Harmonized Tariff Schedule In the United States For information about Harmonized Tariff Schedule in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Government Procurement Government Procurement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Government Procurement: Government policies and procedures for purchasing goods and services. Procurement [...]...
17. Tariff Anomaly Tariff Anomaly and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Anomaly: A situation in which the tariff on raw materials or semi-manufactured goods is higher than the tariff on [...]...
18. Parallel Imports Parallel Imports and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Parallel Imports: Goods, which are authorized by the owner of intellectual properly rights for sale in one country, but [...]...
19. Commingling In the United States For information about Commingling in the context of international trade, click here...
20. Intermingled Goods In the United States For information about Intermingled goods in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Invoices In the United States For information about Invoices in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Liquidation In the United States For information about Liquidation in the context of international trade, click here...
23. Mitigation In the United States For information about Mitigation in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Warehouse In the United States For information about Warehouse in the context of international trade, click here...
25. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
26. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
27. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System Process and Production Methods (PPMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Process and Production Methods (PPMs): In the context of environmental trade measures, refers to [...]...
28. Unfair Trade Remedies In the United States For information about Unfair trade remedies in the context of international trade, click here...
29. General Tariff A tariff schedule in which a single rate of duty applies to a given commodity irrespective of the country of origin. A general tariff makes no provision for preferential duties.......
30. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
31. Tariff Quota Tariff Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Quota: A two-stage tariff, providing a base tariff rate that applies to goods up to a specified quantity imported [...]...
32. Compound Tariff Compound Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Compound Tariff: A combination of a specific duty and an ad valorem tariff on the same imported item (e.g., $100 per [...]...
33. Negotiations Item-by-Item Negotiations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Item-by-Item Negotiations: A method of tariff negotiations in which the expected trade effects of each [...]...
34. Trade Barriers Standards-Related Activity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards-Related Activity: An activity undertaken in conjunction with administration or enforcement of [...]...
35. Informed Compliance In the United States For information about Informed Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
36. Tariffs Introduction to Tariffs Tariff, tax levied by a government on imports and exports. The money collected from tariffs is called a customs duty. Although tariffs are a source of government revenue, tariffs are also used as part of political and economic policies. For example, import taxes protect [...]...
37. Goods Flow of Goods and Services In this global economy, the flow of goods and services across borders, otherwise known as trade, is a critical factor to the health and growth of a country’s economy. Yet many developing countries struggle with legal, institutional, and operational constraints that [...]...
38. Labeling Requirements In the United States For information about Labeling Requirements in the context of international trade, click here...
39. Sovereign The supreme political power that, within its own defined geographical boundaries, is accountable to no authority higher than its own.......
40. Gray Market Goods In the United States For information about Gray market goods in the context of international trade, click here...
41. Coverage Coverage and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Coverage: The extent of applicability of a trade action, agreement, or policy....
42. Gray Market Definition In the United States For information about Gray Market Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
43. Import Quotas In the United States For information about Import quotas in the context of international trade, click here...
44. Import Rulings In the United States For information about Import Rulings in the context of international trade, click here...
45. Importer Self-assessment In the United States For information about Importer self-assessment in the context of international trade, click here...
46. Limitations Period In the United States For information about Limitations period in the context of international trade, click here...
47. Mail Entries In the United States For information about Mail entries in the context of international trade, click here...
48. Manufacturing In the United States For information about Manufacturing in the context of international trade, click here Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Manufacturing in the Encyclopedia of [...]...
49. Prior Disclosure In the United States For information about Prior disclosure in the context of international trade, click here...
50. Product Valuation In the United States For information about Product valuation in the context of international trade, click here...
51. Dispute Settlement Dispute Settlement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Dispute Settlement: The process of negotiation, consultation, conciliation or mediation, and resolution of [...]...
52. Limitations In the United States For information about Limitations in the context of international trade, click here...
53. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
54. Customs Law ......
55. Customs Valuation For importers, the process of estimating the value of a product at customs presents problems that can be just as serious as the actual duty rate charged. The WTO agreement on customs valuation aims for a fair, uniform and neutral system for the valuation of goods for customs purposes — a system that conforms to commercial realities, and which outlaws the use of arbitrary or fictitious customs values. The Committee...
56. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
57. Customs Brokers In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here...
58. Customs Law Definition In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
59. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
60. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
61. Customs Law Rules In the United States For information about Customs Law Rules in the context of international trade, click here...
62. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
63. Customs Tariff In the United States For information about Customs Tariff in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Customs Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......
66. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
67. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
68. Customs Valuation Code A uniform system for valuing imports for the application of customs duties. The agreement is a product of the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. It provides for five methods of valuing imported merchandise. Transaction value is the price actually paid or payable for the goods, with [...]...
69. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
70. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
71. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
72. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
73. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
74. Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
75. Customs Entry Read Entry (Customs) as cross-reference.......
76. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
77. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
78. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
79. Customs Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
80. Customs Officer Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
81. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
82. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
83. Customs Conventions Contents Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 International Convention on the Harmonisation of Frontier Controls of Goods 21.10.1982 Customs ... Read more...
84. Customs Of The Port Local usages and practices relative to the handling or discharge of cargo, or the treatment of documents relating thereto. When ambiguities exist in contracts covering the handling of cargo or cargo-related documents, a court or other competent body may apply the customs of the port in interpreting ......
85. Customs Rate The rate of exchange employed by U.S. Customs in converting foreign currency invoices for the purpose of arriving at a value, in U.S. dollars, for imported merchandise. Ad valorem duties are applied on the dollar value. In accordance with the Customs Simplification Act of 1956, the secretary of the......
86. Customs Transit The condition of merchandise that is transiting the customs territory of a nation without having been released from customs jurisdiction. Goods in customs transit are processed under an in transit entry at the time they enter the United States; the in transit, or I.T., entry is effected by filing wi......
87. Customs Waters That portion of the high seas, not to exceed twelve miles from shore, within which law enforcement personnel of the United States are authorized to board foreign craft to enforce American laws. In those cases where a treaty between the United States and another state authorizes boarding in an area o......
88. Customs Duty Spanish Translation of exemption from customs dutyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exemption from customs duty and / or a definition of this topic: Franquicia Aduanera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
89. Customs Procedures Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures: Formalities applying to customs clearance of [...]...
90. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
91. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
92. Customs Policy Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
93. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
94. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
95. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
96. Country of Origin For customs tariff purposes, the country in which an imported product was manufactured, grown, or produced. When goods pass through more than one country in the process of manufacture, the country of origin does not change unless the product has been transformed substantially; minor [...]...
97. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
98. International Trade International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times [...]...
99. Special Customs Invoice A special form of customs invoice formerly used for importations into the United States. Prior to March 1, 1982, the special customs invoice (SCI) was required on any importation when the purchase price of the merchandise exceeded five hundred dollars and the rate of duty was in any way dependent up......
100. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
101. Customs Territory of the Community Customs territory of the Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Customs territory of the Community provided by the European Union Commission: The customs territory of the Community comprises of • Austria, • Belgium, • Denmark, except [...]...
102. World Customs Organization World Customs Organization World Customs Organization...
103. Customs Area Customs Area in International Trade Meaning of Customs Area, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A geographic area, usually identical to one or several contiguous national political jurisdictions, applying a particular tariff schedule on goods entering or [...]...
104. Customs Bonded Warehouse Customs Bonded Warehouse in International Trade Meaning of Customs Bonded Warehouse, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government warehouse where goods remain until duty has been collected from the importer....
105. Customs Broker Customs Broker in International Trade Meaning of Customs Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Licensed agent or broker (licensing may not be required in all countries) whose function is to handle the process of clearing goods through customs for importers....
106. Customs Official A Masterful Customs Official: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: On Dec. 24th, 1907, the following appeared in the morning papers, dated Winnipeg, Dec. 23rd: [...]...
107. Customs Unions Impact of Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions This section provides an overview of impact of free trade agreements and customs unions within the legal context of Market Access (Customs Regulation) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
108. Customs Regulation Market Access: Customs Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, market access: customs regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Harmonised System and Schedules of Concession Modes of Multilateral Tariff [...]...
109. Customs House Resources See Also Custom-house Customs Service...
110. Customs Duties Resources See Also Customs Tariff...
111. United States Customs Service An agency within the U.S. Department of the Treasury charged with the enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating to the importation of goods.The Customs Service was established by Congress in 1789. Among its duties are assessment and collection of duties, excises, and penalti......
112. Czech-Slovak Customs Union Czech-Slovak Customs Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Czech-Slovak Customs Union: A customs union linking the Czech Republic and Slovakia, intended to preserve trade relations between [...]...
113. Delivery Summary of Delivery The act whereby the owner of a vessel gives operational control over to the charterer.(Main Author: William J. Miller) In the United States For information about Delivery in the context of international trade, click here Delivery in International Trade Meaning [...]...
114. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
115. Terms of Trade Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade [...]...
116. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
117. Preferences Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preferences: Special trade advantages granted by an importing country to certain trading partners, in contrast to [...]...
118. Common Customs Tariff Common Customs Tariff and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common Customs Tariff provided by the European Union Commission: The common foreign and security policy (CFSP) was established and is governed by Title V of the Treaty on European Union (EU). It replaced European [...]...
119. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
120. Customs Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on customs zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "customs zone" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...