Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Tariff Schedule Tariff Schedule and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Schedule: A comprehensive list of the goods, which a country imports, and the import duties applicable to each [...]...
2. Customs Territory of the Community Customs territory of the Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Customs territory of the Community provided by the European Union Commission: The customs territory of the Community comprises of • Austria, • Belgium, • Denmark, except [...]...
3. Tariff Classification In the United States For information about Tariff classification in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
5. Column 1 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. See TARIFF (CUSTOMS); Tariff Schedules of the United States.......
6. Entry (Customs) The administrative processing associated with foreign merchandise that has landed in the United States for consumption, warehousing, or other reasons. The act of entry involves the submission to U.S. Customs of documents that identify the owner of the goods, the type and character of the merchandise......
7. Tariff Code In the United States For information about Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Customs Valuation For importers, the process of estimating the value of a product at customs presents problems that can be just as serious as the actual duty rate charged. The WTO agreement on customs valuation aims for a fair, uniform and neutral system for the valuation of goods for customs purposes — a system that conforms to commercial realities, and which outlaws the use of arbitrary or fictitious customs values. The Committee...
9. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
10. Most-favored-nation A privilege granted to a nation to have customs duties levied upon its products at the lowest rate offered to any other nation. Customarily, the extension of most favored nation status is reciprocal. See tariff (Customs).......
11. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
12. Harmonized Tariff System In the United States For information about Harmonized Tariff System in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
14. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
15. Kyoto Convention An international agreement, sponsored by the Customs cooperation Council (read this and related legal terms for further details), the object of which is to harmonize the methods and procedures of national customs authori......
16. Committee on Tariff Concessions Committee on Tariff Concessions in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Tariff Concessions: A GATT standing committee that reviews the results of tariff negotiations and oversees [...]...
17. Import Restrictions Import Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Restrictions: Measures to limit or control the volume of imports by means of tariffs ornontariff barriers [...]...
18. Flexible Tariff Special Drawing Ria customs tariff in which rates of duty can be raised or lowered by administrative action. In the United States the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 and other legislation have authorized the President to adjust duty rates downward in response to concessions from other nation......
19. Gateway A city or other point at which cargo is transferred between tariff jurisdictions.......
20. Tariff Preferences Summary of Tariff Preferences Essentially synonymous with Trade Preferences (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) Embracing mainstream international law, this section on tariff preferences explores the context, history and effect [...]...
21. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
22. Boycott Summary of Boycott A conspiracy or coalition for the purpose of impeding the commerce of another. Boycotts are often attempts to advance political objectives by economic means and fall into two categories; the primary boycott, in which a party to the boycott refrains from trading with the [...]...
23. Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature In the United States For information about Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Harmonized System Known formally as the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.. a product statistical classification system based upon the Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature (CCCN) and designed to replace various statistical classification schemes now employed by various trading nations....
25. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
26. Insular Possessions Certain offshore possessions of the United States that are considered to be beyond the Customs Territory (read this and related legal terms for further details). The insular possessions are the Virgin Islands, Guam, Amer......
27. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
28. ACP Countries Acp Countries Summary of Acp Countries An acronym for African- Caribbean-Pacific countries. The term originated in conjunction with the LOME CONVENTIONS (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) [...]...
29. Tariff Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
30. Preferences Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preferences: Special trade advantages granted by an importing country to certain trading partners, in contrast to [...]...
31. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
32. Customs Valuation Code A uniform system for valuing imports for the application of customs duties. The agreement is a product of the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. It provides for five methods of valuing imported merchandise. Transaction value is the price actually paid or payable for the goods, with [...]...
33. Customs Procedures Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures: Formalities applying to customs clearance of [...]...
34. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
35. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
36. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
37. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
38. Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
39. Customs Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......
40. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
41. Customs Law ......
42. Customs Conventions ContentsCustoms ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 ... Read more...
43. Customs Entry Read Entry (Customs) as cross-reference.......
44. Customs Rate The rate of exchange employed by U.S. Customs in converting foreign currency invoices for the purpose of arriving at a value, in U.S. dollars, for imported merchandise. Ad valorem duties are applied on the dollar value. In accordance with the Customs Simplification Act of 1956, the secretary of the......
45. Customs Transit The condition of merchandise that is transiting the customs territory of a nation without having been released from customs jurisdiction. Goods in customs transit are processed under an in transit entry at the time they enter the United States; the in transit, or I.T., entry is effected by filing wi......
46. Customs Waters That portion of the high seas, not to exceed twelve miles from shore, within which law enforcement personnel of the United States are authorized to board foreign craft to enforce American laws. In those cases where a treaty between the United States and another state authorizes boarding in an area o......
47. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
48. Customs Brokers In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here...
49. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
50. Customs Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
51. Customs Law Definition In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
52. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
53. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
54. Customs Law Rules In the United States For information about Customs Law Rules in the context of international trade, click here...
55. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Customs Tariff In the United States For information about Customs Tariff in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
58. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
59. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
60. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
61. Territory Definition Legal Issues'Territory' has vital importance in international law. A state does not have a statehood if it does not have a territory. 'Territory' refers to a definite, although sometimes disputable, boundary or demarcation of a state's frontier on the surface of the eart......
62. Concept of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on concept of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "territory, concept of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
63. Customs Of The Port Local usages and practices relative to the handling or discharge of cargo, or the treatment of documents relating thereto. When ambiguities exist in contracts covering the handling of cargo or cargo-related documents, a court or other competent body may apply the customs of the port in interpreting ......
64. Special Customs Invoice A special form of customs invoice formerly used for importations into the United States. Prior to March 1, 1982, the special customs invoice (SCI) was required on any importation when the purchase price of the merchandise exceeded five hundred dollars and the rate of duty was in any way dependent up......
65. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
66. Customs Duty Spanish Translation of exemption from customs dutyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exemption from customs duty and / or a definition of this topic: Franquicia Aduanera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
67. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
68. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
69. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
70. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
71. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
72. Customs Official A Masterful Customs Official: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: On Dec. 24th, 1907, the following appeared in the morning papers, dated Winnipeg, Dec. 23rd: [...]...
73. Customs Regulation Market Access: Customs Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, market access: customs regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Harmonised System and Schedules of Concession Modes of Multilateral Tariff [...]...
74. Customs House Resources See Also Custom-house Customs Service...
75. Customs Duties Resources See Also Customs Tariff...
76. Customs Officer Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
77. Czech-Slovak Customs Union Czech-Slovak Customs Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Czech-Slovak Customs Union: A customs union linking the Czech Republic and Slovakia, intended to preserve trade relations between [...]...
78. Territory Introduction to Territory Territory, name given in the United States to a partially self-governing section of the national domain that has not been granted statehood. The major U.S. territories are the District of Columbia on the mainland; American Samoa and Guam in the Pacific; and the Virgin [...]...
79. MPEPIL: Territory ContentsMPEPIL: TerritoryConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries MPEPIL: Territory   Max Planck Encyclopedia of ... Read more...
80. Territory Urbanised Territory Urbanised (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Territory Urbanised means: a site occupied with settlement of city type and also an industrial, transport and engineering infrastructure....
81. State Territory Related Fields Related topics include: Nation Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Province Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Sovereignty Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Rule of Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Public [...]...
82. Acquisition of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on acquisition of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "acquisition of territory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
83. Maritime Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on maritime territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "maritime territory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
84. Metropolitan Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on metropolitan territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "metropolitan territory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
85. Secession of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on secession of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "secession of territory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
86. Loss of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on loss of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "territory, loss of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
87. Responsibility for Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on responsibility for territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "territory, responsibility for" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
88. Tradition of Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on tradition of territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "tradition of territory" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
89. Danzig Territory Treatment of Polish Nationals and Other Persons of Polish Origin or Speech in the Danzig Territory Opinion Embracing mainstream international law, this section on treatment of polish nationals and other persons of polish origin or speech in the danzig territory opinion explores the context, [...]...
90. Free Territory of Trieste Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free territory of trieste explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "trieste, free territory of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
91. Trust Territory Embracing mainstream international law, this section on trust territory explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also Nation Province Sovereignty Rule of Law Public International Law State Territory Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
92. Afars and Issas Territory Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
93. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Embracing mainstream international law, this section on trust territory of the pacific islands explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
94. British Indian Ocean Territory Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
95. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo Cases Embracing mainstream international law, this section on armed activities on the territory of the congo cases explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "armed activities on the territory of the congo cases" in [...]...
96. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
97. Customs Area Customs Area in International Trade Meaning of Customs Area, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A geographic area, usually identical to one or several contiguous national political jurisdictions, applying a particular tariff schedule on goods entering or [...]...
98. Customs Bonded Warehouse Customs Bonded Warehouse in International Trade Meaning of Customs Bonded Warehouse, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government warehouse where goods remain until duty has been collected from the importer....
99. Customs Broker Customs Broker in International Trade Meaning of Customs Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Licensed agent or broker (licensing may not be required in all countries) whose function is to handle the process of clearing goods through customs for importers....
100. Customs Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on customs zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "customs zone" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
101. Customs Unions Impact of Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions This section provides an overview of impact of free trade agreements and customs unions within the legal context of Market Access (Customs Regulation) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
102. Customs Service Resources See Also Bureau of Customs Custom-house...
103. Customs Policy Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
104. Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land ContentsConvention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
105. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
106. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 2 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
107. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 3 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
108. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 4 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
109. United States Customs Service An agency within the U.S. Department of the Treasury charged with the enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating to the importation of goods.The Customs Service was established by Congress in 1789. Among its duties are assessment and collection of duties, excises, and penalti......
110. Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union in International Trade Resources See Also Andean Pact....
111. International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures and International Trade Resources See Also Kyoto Convention...
112. Codex Alimentarius A document published by the Codex Alimentarius Commission establishing international standards for raw and processed food products. The commission was established in 1963 by the Food and Agriculture Organization in conjunction with the World Health Organization. Member states of either the FAO [...]...
113. Commodity Summary of Commodity A nondifferentiated product produced with commonly available technology.(Main Author: William J. Miller) The Legal History of Commodity in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Commodity in Islamic Law Commodity in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
114. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
115. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
116. Compensation Summary of Compensation Trade concessions granted by one nation to another in recompense for other trade concessions that have been withdrawn or suspended.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Forms of Criminal Punishment: Compensation Introduction to Compensation Certain punishments [...]...
117. Conference Summary of Conference An association of steamship lines operating over a specific trade route, formed for the purpose of setting freight rates and service standards to be applied uniformly by all the member carriers. The Shipping Act of 1916 empowers the Federal Maritime Commission to [...]...
118. Confrontation and Justification A mechanism employed during multinational trade negotiations to define the positions of the various national delegations. Typically, each participating nation submits to its trading partners a statement of views, proposed tariff cuts, et cetera. During a series of meetings each nation is [...]...
119. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna Known commonly by the acronym CITES, a multilateral agreement to suppress international trade in endangered species of wildlife and plants. The convention was signed at Washington in 1973; in 1984, sixty-nine nations were signatories. Adherents to the convention pledge to interdict the [...]...
120. Country of Origin For customs tariff purposes, the country in which an imported product was manufactured, grown, or produced. When goods pass through more than one country in the process of manufacture, the country of origin does not change unless the product has been transformed substantially; minor [...]...