Cuba

The Legal History of Cuba

This section provides an overview of Cuba

Cuba in 2011

United States views on international law (based on the document “Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law”): On January 14, 2011, President Obama directed the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Commerce to take steps to continue efforts announced in 2009 to promote democracy and human rights in Cuba by facilitating purposeful contacts between Cubans and Americans. see this world legal encyclopedia in relation with the year 2009 at 635-638 for discussion of the new policy announced in 2009. President Obama directed that changes be made to regulations and policies governing: (1) purposeful travel; (2) non-family remittances; and (3) U.S. airports supporting licensed charter travel from Cuba. A White House press release, excerpted below, and available at (internet link) whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/14/reaching-out-cuban-people, described the steps the President directed the secretaries to take.

Developments

Purposeful Travel. To enhance contact with the Cuban people and support civil society through purposeful travel, including religious, cultural, and educational travel, the President has directed that regulations and policies governing purposeful travel be modified to:

• Allow religious organizations to sponsor religious travel to Cuba under a general license.

• Facilitate educational exchanges by: allowing accredited institutions of higher education to sponsor travel to Cuba for course work for academic credit under a general license; allowing students to participate through academic institutions other than their own; and facilitating instructor support to include support from adjunct and part-time staff.

• Restore specific licensing of educational exchanges not involving academic study pursuant to a degree program under the auspices of an organization that sponsors and organizes people-to-people programs.

• Modify requirements for licensing academic exchanges to require that the proposed course of study be accepted for academic credit toward their undergraduate or graduate degree (rather than regulating the length of the academic exchange in Cuba).• Allow specifically licensed academic institutions to sponsor or cosponsor academic seminars, conferences, and workshops related to Cuba and allow faculty, staff, and students to attend.

• Allow specific licensing to organize or conduct non-academic clinics and workshops in Cuba for the Cuban people.

• Allow specific licensing for a greater scope of journalistic activities.

Remittances. To help expand the economic independence of the Cuban people and to support a more vibrant Cuban civil society, the President has directed the regulations governing non-family remittances be modified to:

• Restore a general license category for any U.S. person to send remittances (up to 0 per quarter) to non-family members in Cuba to support private economic activity, among other purposes, subject to the limitation that they cannot be provided to senior Cuban government officials or senior members of the Cuban Communist Party.

• Create a general license for remittances to religious institutions in Cuba in support of religious activities.

No change will be made to the general license for family remittances.

U.S. Airports. To better serve those who seek to visit family in Cuba and engage in other licensed purposeful travel, the President has directed that regulations governing the eligibility of U.S. airports to serve as points of embarkation and return for licensed flights to Cuba be modified to:

• Allow all U.S. international airports to apply to provide services to licensed charters, provided such airports have adequate customs and immigration capabilities and a licensed travel service provider has expressed an interest in providing service to and from Cuba from that airport.

The modifications will not change the designation of airports in Cuba that are eligible to send or receive licensed charter flights to and from the United States.

Details

On January 28, 2011, in implementing the President’s January 14 statement, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) issued a final rule revising DHS regulations to allow additional airports to request approval of U.S Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) to process authorized flights between the United States and Cuba. 76 Fed. Reg. 5054 (Jan. 28, 2011).

Also on January 28, 2011, OFAC issued a final rule amending the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (“CACR”), 31 C.F.R. part 515, to implement the policy changes announced by the President in his January 14 statement. 76 Fed. Reg. 5072 (Jan. 28, 2011). The amendments “allow for greater licensing of travel to Cuba for educational, cultural, religious, and journalistic activities and expand licensing of remittances to Cuba.” Id. at 5702. They also modify regulations regarding authorization of transactions with Cuban nationals residing outside of Cuba, and make certain technical and conforming changes.

Cuba and the U.S. (Foreign Policy)

Introduction

The U.S. announced in December 2014 that, after decades of isolation, it has begun taking major steps to normalize relations with Cuba. The announcement marks a dramatic shift away from a policy that has its roots in one of the darkest moments of the Cold War — the Cuban missile crisis. Although the U.S. trade embargo is unlikely to end any time soon, American and Cuban leaders today are trying to bring a relationship, once defined by antithetical ideologies, into the 21st century.[1]

Cuba

In relation to the international law practice and Cuba in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:

Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions

About this subject:

Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions and Certain Other Restrictions

Under this topic, in the Encyclopedia, find out information on:

• Threats to Democratic Processes
• Modification of Sanctions and Related Actions

. Note: there is detailed information and resources, in relation with these topics during the year 2011, covered by the entry, in this law Encyclopedia, about Cuba

Resources

See Also

• Sanctions
• Export Controls
• International Restrictions
• Imposition Of Sanctions
• Implementation Of Sanctions
• Modification Of Sanctions
• Democratic Processes

Resources

See Also

• Legal System
• Country
• Jurisdiction
• Immigration
• Consulate

Resources

Notes and References

1. Source: the Foreign Policy Association.

See Also

Resources

See Also

• Legal Biography
• Legal Traditions
• Historical Laws
• History of Law

Further Reading

• Cuba in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press)
• The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Political and Legal History (Oxford University Press)
• Cuba in the Dictionary of Concepts in History, by Harry Ritter
• A Short History of Western Legal Theory, by John Kelly

Trade with Cuba and Cuba Sanctions

Trade Embargo

Resources

See Also

Further Reading

• Information about Cuba in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from Ancient Times to the Present (Cynthia Clark Northrup)

Cuba and the Laws of International Trade

The United States Cuban Assets Control Regulations

Hierarchical Display of Cuba

Geography > Economic geography > ACP countries
International Organisations > Extra-European organisations > American organisation > Cariforum

Cuba

Concept of Cuba

See the dictionary definition of Cuba.

Characteristics of Cuba

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Resources

Translation of Cuba

• Spanish: Cuba
• French: Cuba
• German: Kuba
• Italian: Cuba
• Portuguese: Cuba
• Polish: Kuba

Thesaurus of Cuba

Geography > Economic geography > ACP countries > Cuba
International Organisations > Extra-European organisations > American organisation > Cariforum > Cuba

See also

• Freight rate
• Cif price
• Free-on-board price

• Consignment
• Delivery costs
• Means of delivery
• Shipment

• Republic of Bolivia

• Republic of Cuba