Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Religious Service Business, Religious Service From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business, Religious Service (1): A church organization has the legal right to make any contract concerning its own affairs that is not prohibited by its by-laws or its charter, subject to all laws of legal [...]...
2. Religious Membership Business, Religious Membership From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business, Religious Membership (1): Unless there is some other law or rule to the contrary, the male members of the congregation over twenty-one years of age constitute the business membership of a [...]...
3. Religious Tests From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Tests (1): The constitution of the United States provides that "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States."61 Resources Notes and References [...]...
4. Juror Procedure, Judge, Juror, Witness From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Procedure, Judge, Juror, Witness (1): If there are no rules of procedure prescribed by the church tribunal, the proper practice is to follow the State courts; as, for example, where the State law [...]...
5. Religious Tenets Conditions, Religious Tenets From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Conditions, Religious Tenets (1): In order to determine the conditions of a trust the religious tenets of the donor may be shown to aid in construction of ambiguous provisions.572 Resources Notes and [...]...
6. Excommunication Major Excommunication From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Major Excommunication (1): As excommunication non tolerati affects the rights of citizenship, it is not lawful in England nor the United States. To say that A. has been excommunicated in any form, if untrue, is [...]...
7. Bequests Corporations, Bequests From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Corporations, Bequests (1): Foreign religious corporations may be entitled to recover bequests made to them in some States; but the general rule is that a foreign religious society has no better right to take [...]...
8. Doctrines Trust, Purposes, Doctrines From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Trust, Purposes, Doctrines (1): When a conveyance of a lot is made to certain persons of a religious society and their successors in trust for religious purposes, all the members become beneficiaries in equal [...]...
9. Misuse Perversion, Misuse, Suit From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Perversion, Misuse, Suit (1): Unless there is substantial departure from the purpose of the trust which amounts to a perversion of it, a court of equity will not interfere to prevent the misuse or abuse of a [...]...
10. Religious Tolerance Religious Tolerance, Established Church From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Tolerance, Established Church (1): The English law and English ideals prevailing in the original thirteen colonies,21 there was a strong effort made by many of the delegates to the [...]...
11. Religious Society Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): Bouvier's definition of "Church" is: "A society of persons who profess the Christian religion." Chief Justice Shaw's definition is: "The church [...]...
12. Right of Property Right of Property, Civil Rights From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Right of Property, Civil Rights (1): Where there are several church tribunals one above another, when the highest tribunal having jurisdiction of the case has decided a question as to the right of [...]...
13. Religious Courts True Religion, Courts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about True Religion, Courts (1): Ordinarily the civil courts do not interfere where there is a question as to which of two or more parties is adhering to the true religious teaching of the denomination. If no question [...]...
14. Pew Members Members, Pew From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Members, Pew (1): Members of the congregation may be required to pay for a pew or sitting in the church, and where a priest ejected a member from the church because he would not rent a pew, he was sustained by the [...]...
15. Temporal Affairs Temporal Affairs, Management From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Temporal Affairs, Management (1): A majority of a religious corporation at a regularly called meeting may, by a vote taken, bind the minority in all temporal affairs.120 The character of membership in the [...]...
16. Disturbances Injunction, Closing Church, Paying Money, Disturbances From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Injunction, Closing Church, Paying Money, Disturbances (1): A court of equity will issue an injunction against the trustees of a church from wrongfully closing it or keeping it [...]...
17. Minister From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Minister (1): A minister is one who acts as, or performs some of the functions of, a clergyman.55 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave (1909), Benziger [...]...
18. Seceders "Church," Seceders, Debt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about "Church," Seceders, Debt (1): Where a religious society amended its constitution as provided therein, those who adhered to the amended constitution constituted the"church," and [...]...
19. Unincorporation Unincorporated, Trustee From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated, Trustee (1): The question whether an unincorporated religious society may take a gift or devise, is determined by the law of domicile.458 Generally an unincorporated religious association can not [...]...
20. Disturbing Disturbing a Religious Meeting From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Disturbing a Religious Meeting (1): Under a statute against disturbing a religious meeting, it has been held that it should define what disturbance is punishable.709Also, mere want of attention or [...]...
21. Ecclesiastical Corporations Ecclesiastical Corporations, Religious, Quasi-public Corporations From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ecclesiastical Corporations, Religious, Quasi-public Corporations (1): Ecclesiastical corporations, in the sense in which the word is used in England, Germany, and [...]...
22. Societies Societies, Secular Work From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Societies, Secular Work (1): Business meetings of benevolent and church societies for benevolent or church work may be held on Sunday. Even the constitution of such societies may be amended on Sunday. However, [...]...
23. Relation Pastor, Parish, Relation From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Pastor, Parish, Relation (1): When a clergyman's connection with a church had been duly dissolved, he ceased to be pastor of the church and an arrangement with the parish to retain his relation as pastor of [...]...
24. Withdrawal Bible, Constitution, Withdrawal From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Bible, Constitution, Withdrawal (1): A religious organization that takes the Bible as its constitution can not declare a member a seceder who interprets it contrary to the Augsburg Confession of the [...]...
25. Personalty Church, Personalty From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Personalty (1): A church removed from its foundation and put on rollers was severed from the realty and became personal property.531 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's [...]...
26. Presumptions Presumptions, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Presumptions, Usage (1): The usage of a church or the laws of its organization as a religious society, if they are to be considered in deciding legal controversies, must be proved as facts.407 In the absence of [...]...
27. Removing Church, Building, Removing From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Building, Removing (1): Where subscriptions were secured to build a church at a particular place as a memorial to a certain person, a congregation may be enjoined from tearing down the building and [...]...
28. Assessments Cemetery, Assessments From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Cemetery, Assessments (1): Where a lot was bought for the purpose of building a church but was used for a cemetery, and a church was built at another place and the deed to the lot was taken in the name of the [...]...
29. Lease Lease, Purposes From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Lease, Purposes (1): A religious literary society and scientific corporation has power to lease part of a building owned by it for theatrical and operatic purposes.532 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
30. Misnomer Misnomer, Identity From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Misnomer, Identity (1): The misnomer of a religious society or corporation will not invalidate a mortgage where the identity of the society can be clearly shown.464 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
31. Right to Occupy Pew, Right to Occupy, Conditions From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Pew, Right to Occupy, Conditions (1): A grant of a church pew in perpetuity does not give the owner an absolute right of property as a grant of land in fee; but gives only a right to sit therein, [...]...
32. Factions Factions, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Factions, Authority (1): Where two factions of a church, each claiming to be the church, try members of the other faction, a court may determine which of the factions is the authorized authority or that the action [...]...
33. Revenues Control, Revenues From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Control, Revenues (1): The trustees of a corporation of a church or of a religious society have entire control over the revenues of such body.501 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The [...]...
34. Subsequent Constitution, Subsequent Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Constitution, Subsequent Laws (1): An ecclesiastical society formed before the adoption of the state constitution is not by that constitution and subsequent laws concerning religious societies divested of [...]...
35. Trees Trees, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Trees, Authority (1): It is a criminal offense to cut trees in a cemetery without right or authority.828 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church [...]...
36. Hand Vote Ballot, Hand Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ballot, Hand Vote (1): The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a [...]...
37. Lands Limitation, Lands From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Limitation, Lands (1): A statute of the State prohibiting a religious society from holding more than twenty acres, applies to a single parish or congregation and not to the entire denomination when it consists of more [...]...
38. Name Change Name, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Name, Change (1): The name of an ecclesiastical corporation is arbitrary and a change or alteration in its name does not affect its identity.126 A charter will not be granted to a church with a name so like another church [...]...
39. Pew Rights Catholic Church, Pew Rights From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Catholic Church, Pew Rights (1): In the Catholic Church, by the canon law, the ownership in or control over a pew is forbidden to laymen. Notwithstanding that, if the party holding the title violates the [...]...
40. Unincorporated Church Unincorporated Church, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated Church, Incorporated (1): The officers of an unincorporated church can only be elected by the members of the church, unless there is some law of the State or rule of the church that [...]...
41. Restrictions In the United States For information about Restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
42. Ambiguous Provision Donor, Ambiguous Provision From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Donor, Ambiguous Provision (1): The religious convictions of the donor may be shown for the purpose of construing an ambiguous provision of a deed or will.488 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
43. By-laws By-Laws By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws (1): By-laws of the different religious organizations differ widely, from the decrees of the great councils of the Catholic Church down to the vote of the congregation of an independent denomination. By-Laws, [...]...
44. Parish From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parish (1): A parish has two meanings. In some States it is a minor division of public territory; but in States where there is no such division of territory, the State using instead "county" or "town," a parish [...]...
45. Trust Dissolution Dissolution, Resulting Trust From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Dissolution, Resulting Trust (1): On dissolution of a religious society, the money collected or derived from the sale of property goes back as a resulting trust to the contributors.585 Resources Notes and [...]...
46. Bishop Protestant, Ministers, Bishop From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Protestant, Ministers, Bishop (1): In most church organizations the authority is divided into superior and inferior. In countries where there is an established Protestant church, the superior authority is [...]...
47. Official Communication Official Communication, Privileged From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Official Communication, Privileged (1): An official communication between authorities of the church or an authority and a member of the church concerning a church matter or church members and not made [...]...
48. Proper Record From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Proper Record (1): A book kept by a minister, which contained a regular statement in proper form of the admission of members, choice of officers, and transaction of business of the church, which was the only book kept by the parish, is [...]...
49. Sacraments From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sacraments (1): To publish of a person that he has been deprived of the sacraments of the church to which he belongs, is libelous.692 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law [...]...
50. Sale Restrictions Sale, Restrictions From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sale, Restrictions (1): In some States when not restricted by the laws of the organization the parish corporation may sell the premises in order to pay the church debts. However, it is not a common law right.467 [...]...
51. Seceder Seceders, Funds From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Seceders, Funds (1): Nor can seceders from a religious denomination retain the funds in their hands as trustees on the ground that they were members of the society when the funds accrued.222 The title to church property [...]...
52. Treasurer Treasurer, Accepting a Draft From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Treasurer, Accepting a Draft (1): A parish treasurer has no authority under any condition to bind the corporation by accepting a draft in favor of a third person. A treasurer elected for the purpose of [...]...
53. Incorporation Incorporation, Evidence From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Incorporation, Evidence (1): The certificate of incorporation or charter of a religious society or a certified copy thereof from the public record, is the proper evidence thereof.115 Secondary evidence and [...]...
54. Limitation Appeal, Decision, Limitation From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Appeal, Decision, Limitation (1): The right to appeal from one court to another of higher jurisdiction is generally recognized.366 If after trial in the lower tribunal of the Church, an appeal is taken, the [...]...
55. Priesthood Priesthood, Discipline From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Priesthood, Discipline (1): The inferior authority in the Church may be said to be in the priesthood, whose rights and duties are fixed by the canon law, but who are still further subject to the reasonable [...]...
56. United States Wisconsin, Mississippi, New York From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Wisconsin, Mississippi, New York (1): The statutory law of the different States of the Union is so varied and the laws of one State are of so little interest to the people of another that it would be [...]...
57. Vest Burned, Revert, Vested From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Burned, Revert, Vested (1): The fact that a church on lands donated to the parish, on condition of sustaining the church, burned down, the title did not revert to the grantor's heirs.524 Also land granted a [...]...
58. Waiver Waiver and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Waiver: A legal exception in GA n whereby a contracting party --with the approval of other GATT members --may maintain a specific [...]...
59. Funeral Expenses From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Funeral Expenses (1): Witnesses' opinions as to the reasonable amount for burial or as to the cost of a funeral being reasonable, are not binding on a court or jury. The station of a man, the property that he leaves, the life that [...]...
60. Management Management Management, Disability From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Management, Disability (1): An unincorporated society is managed by those who are competent to transact their own business. Therefore, it would seem that members must be men over twenty-one years of [...]...
61. Purposes Purposes, Exempt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Purposes, Exempt (1): Only church property that is actually used for church or charitable purposes, is exempt from taxation. Property held for its increase or profit is not exempt.587 Land bought for a church on which [...]...
62. Redress Bishop, Priest, Redress From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Bishop, Priest, Redress (1): When a bishop removes a priest in the regular way according to the rules and discipline of his church, the priest has no redress.358 Also, when a priest has submitted his case to the [...]...
63. Suits Suits, Parties From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Suits, Parties (1): When a church is incorporated, it should be sued in its corporate name; but when the bishop of the Catholic church holds the legal title to the land in litigation, he should be made a party.144 And if [...]...
64. Merits Expelled, Merits From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Expelled, Merits (1): Mandamus can not be resorted to to restore a member regularly expelled from his church, as a court will not inquire into the merits of the case.219 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
65. Office Office, God From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Office, God (1): The constitutions of Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, prohibit a man from holding office who denies the existence of a Supreme Being; and the constitutions of Delaware, [...]...
66. Uses Uses and Trusts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Uses and Trusts (1): The chapter of the Wisconsin statutes on religious societies, although not included in the same title as the chapter abolishing all uses and trusts excepting as therein created, was not intended to [...]...
67. Counsel Spanish Translation of counsel and barrister and solicitor and lawyer and advocate This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to counsel or barrister or solicitor or lawyer or advocate and / or a definition of this topic: Letrado (in Spanish, without translation of the [...]...
68. Ecclesiastical Matter Decision, Ecclesiastical Matter From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Decision, Ecclesiastical Matter (1): The decision of the highest tribunal of the church on a purely ecclesiastical matter will not be disturbed by civil courts unless it is in open defiance and express [...]...
69. Forfeiture of Membership From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Forfeiture of Membership (1): Any member may forfeit his membership in a church.246 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave (1909), Benziger Brothers, New [...]...
70. Money Control Money, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Money, Control (1): Money raised by a Catholic congregation for the purpose of building a church does not come under the absolute control of the bishop or priest, although put into the hands of the latter for safe [...]...
71. Sewing Sewing Circle, Money From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sewing Circle, Money (1): A church may maintain an action against a sewing circle to require it to pay over money collected for the benefit of the church.317 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, [...]...
72. Subordinate Subordinate, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Subordinate, Incorporated (1): A religious society subordinate to church judicatures, which declares itself independent and becomes incorporated under the general law of the state and subsequently purchases [...]...
73. Undertaker Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities (1): The sexton who has charge of the church property may lawfully remove from the church an undertaker who, after being warned to desist and leave, persists in conducting [...]...
74. Jurisdiction Privileges Jurisdiction, Privileges From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Jurisdiction, Privileges (1): It is usual for every fraternity to have a tribunal of its own for the trial of members who break its laws or violate its discipline. Within their jurisdiction, the laws of the [...]...
75. Legal Notice Notice, Legal From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Legal (1): All the proceedings of a corporation, including notice, must be in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, and no business transacted contrary thereto is legal.129 Resources Notes and References [...]...
76. Lot Isolated Lot Isolated, Not Exempt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Lot Isolated, Not Exempt (1): A lot isolated from the other property of the church of a congregation, is not exempt because the congregation intends to build a church thereon in the future, and actually did [...]...
77. Parsonage Parsonage, Rented From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parsonage, Rented (1): A parsonage owned by a congregation and used only as a residence for the clergyman is not exempt because of some part of it being also used for alleged religious services, to-wit: morning [...]...
78. Standard Doctrine, Standard From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Standard (1): To ascertain the tenets and doctrines of a church, resort must be had to history and to prior and contemporary standard writings of its members on theology.31 Resources Notes and References [...]...
79. Crimes Against Property Criminal Law: Crimes Against PropertyIntroduction to Crimes Against PropertyAnother major category of crimes concerns actions that affect another's property-either real or personal. Real property consists of land and structures attached to it, as well as the products of land be......
80. Crimes Against the Government Criminal Law: Crimes Against Government:Introduction to Crimes Against the GovernmentA government has the authority to protect itself against injury and destruction and to protect its administrative functions from corruption. To promote these objectives, it may define certain activ......
81. Crimes Against the Habitation Criminal Law: Crimes Against the HabitationIntroduction to Crimes Against the HabitationThe two common law felonies of arson and burglary are crimes against property, but they also often involve physical danger to the victim, and so they may be classified separately from other prop......
82. Crimes Against the Person Criminal Law: Crimes Against the Person:Introduction to Crimes Against the PersonCrimes that physically or psychologically injure individuals are described as crimes against the person. These include murder, manslaughter, assault, battery, mayhem, rape, and kidnapping." (1)...
83. Crimes Against Life The Legal History of Crimes against Life and BodyThis section provides an overview of Crimes against Life and Body ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Crimes against Life and Body in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal [...]...
84. Crimes Against Sexual Morality Criminal Law: Crimes Against Sexual Morality:Introduction to Crimes Against Sexual MoralityA number of crimes involve sexual conduct. Rape, which has already been discussed as a crime against the person, is sometimes classified among these crimes. Fornication and adultery, in juris......
85. Crimes Against Freedom At Work Spanish Translation of crimes against freedom at workThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to crimes against freedom at work and / or a definition of this topic: Delitos Contra la Libertad en el Trabajo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
86. List of Crimes Hello Hello ContentsList of Crimes and FeloniesList of Less common crimes:Alphabetical list of most common crimesSee AlsoFurther Reading List of Crimes and Felonies The following is a comprehensive list of crimes, felonies and misdemeanors. List of Less common crimes: Abandonment of wife Accidental criminal, situational criminal Assault with intent to commit rape Bone trade Car ... Read more...
87. Classification of Crimes Criminal Law: Classification of Crimes Introduction to Classification of Crimes Crimes are classified in many different ways: common law crimes versus statutory crimes, and crimes that are mala in se (evil in themselves) versus those that are mala prohibita (criminal only because the law says [...]...
88. Child Sexual Exploitation Crimes Internet-facilitated Child Sexual Exploitation Crimes [e], the Law and other Social Sciences Internet crimes against children are a problematic yet often misunderstood phenomenon. Prominent examples of these offenses include child pornography crimes, adults soliciting minors online, and [...]...
89. War Crimes Embracing mainstream international law, this section on war crimes explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "war crimes" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
90. Defenses to Crimes Defenses to Crimes in Criminal LawIntroduction to Defenses to CrimesDefense is a broad term that refers to numerous claims that serve to rebut (refute), mitigate (moderate), justify, or excuse conduct that the state has labeled criminal. Some defenses are factual. For example, an a......
91. Inchoate Crimes Criminal Law: Inchoate CrimesIntroduction to Inchoate CrimesCrimes that occur prior to and in preparation for what may be a subsequent offense are called inchoate crimes. Inchoate offenses include attempt to commit, conspiracy to commit, and solicitation to commit criminal acts. An......
92. War Crimes Trials Introduction to War Crimes TrialsWar Crimes Trials, trials of persons charged with criminal violation of the laws and customs of war and related principles of international law.The first war crimes trials in modern times were held after World War II (1939-1945) by the victorious All......
93. Political Crimes The Legal History of Political CrimesThis section provides an overview of Political Crimes ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Political Crimes in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The [...]...
94. International Crimes International Crimes in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The second area we have focused on is prevention. Any effective approach to combating piracy must involve the private sector. To prevent [...]...
95. War Crimes Tribunals Embracing mainstream international law, this section on war crimes tribunals explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "war crimes tribunals" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
96. Assimilative Crimes Act Description of Assimilative Crimes Act Resources See Also Criminal Law...
97. Inchoate Crimes Attempt Criminal Law: Inchoate Crimes AttemptIntroduction to Inchoate Crimes AttemptThe crime of attempt applies to acts that, although initiated with the aim of committing a crime, fall short of completion. To be guilty of attempt, the accused must take substantial steps indicating a crim......
98. Inchoate Crimes Conspiracy Criminal Law: Inchoate Crimes ConspiracyIntroduction to Inchoate Crimes ConspiracyTwo or more persons who enter an agreement for the purpose of accomplishing an unlawful act or accomplishing a lawful act by unlawful means are guilty of conspiracy. Under the common law definition of......
99. War Crimes Trials Effects Introduction to War Crimes Trials EffectsThe Nürnberg and other war crimes trials were a notable step in the evolution of international penal law. The standing of the trials suffered sharply, however, because the proceedings were carried out under auspices of victorious powers and the ......
100. Road Safety Crimes Spanish Translation of road safety crimesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to road safety crimes and / or a definition of this topic: Delitos Contra la Seguridad del Tráfico (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
101. Types of Cyber Crimes Types of Cyber Crimes: Cyber Bullying, Threats, Harassment, and Stalking Overview of Types of Cyber Crimes: Cyber Bullying, Threats, Harassment, and Stalking in relation to cyber crime: [1]Some experts distinguish between different types of online harassment. For example, it may involve [...]...
102. War Crimes Charges Extradition Extradition of Bosnian National for War Crimes Charges in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Extradition of Bosnian National for War Crimes Charges: On June 3, 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that the United States had extradited Sulejman [...]...
103. War Crimes Rewards Program Expansion of the War Crimes Rewards Program in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Expansion of the War Crimes Rewards Program: On January 15, 2013, President Obama signed into law the Department of State Rewards Program Update and Technical Corrections Act of [...]...
104. International Crimes Court International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Money Laundering Note: there is detailed information and resources under [...]...
105. International Crimes Tribunal International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:NarcoticsNote: there is detailed information and resources under these topics [...]...
106. International Crimes Database International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Organized Crime Note: there is detailed information and resources under these [...]...
107. Types of International Crimes International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:PiracyNote: there is detailed information and resources under these topics [...]...
108. International criminal law: Crimes against Humanity Contents International Criminal Law : Crimes Against Humanity and Human Rights Issues1. Major Treaties and DocumentsUnited NationsCouncil of EuropeOrganization of American StatesOrganization of African Unity2. Court and Monitoring Body Sites3. Major TreatisesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries International Criminal Law : Crimes Against Humanity and Human Rights Issues 1. ... Read more...
109. International Criminal Court Crimes Prosecuted International Criminal Court Crimes Prosecuted by the CourtIntroduction to International Criminal Court Crimes ProsecutedFour categories of crime are included in the ICC's jurisdiction: genocide; crimes against humanity; war crimes; and crimes of aggression. Aggression cannot b......
110. Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity ContentsEncyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against HumanityDetails of the EncyclopediaContents of the Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against HumanityEntries Starting by A in the EncyclopediaEntries Starting by B in the EncyclopediaEntries Starting by C in the EncyclopediaEntries Starting by D in the EncyclopediaEntries Starting by E in the EncyclopediaEntries Starting by F in the EncyclopediaEntries ... Read more...
111. Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal: In January 2013, Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal ("ICT") announced the conviction and death sentence of Abul Kalam [...]...
112. East Timor Special Panels for the Trials of Serious Crimes Embracing mainstream international law, this section on east timor special panels for the trials of serious crimes explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "east timor special panels for the trials of serious [...]...
113. Sexual Crimes The Legal History of Sexual Crimes in Medieval and Post-Medieval Roman LawThis section provides an overview of Sexual Crimes in Medieval and Post-Medieval Roman Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Sexual Crimes in Medieval and [...]...
114. International crimes and international law. Bibliography International crimes and international law. Bibliography Core international crimes are crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Crimes against peace have focused on aggression since the end of the Second World War, although aggression is difficult to define and as yet is not assigned to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court . ... Read more...
115. Consent Consent, giving assent or approval. Consent implies a reasoned response to a proposal and is necessary to any type of agreement. Submission to the will of another where further protest or discussion is useless, such as in the case of threats, force, or violence, does not constitute consent. [...]...
116. Creditors Debts, Creditors From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Debts, Creditors (1): A committee of a religious society authorized to sell lands to raise money to pay its general debts, is not authorized to execute a mortgage for the purpose of securing various creditors holding [...]...
117. Consideration Promise as Consideration Cases where promisee is trying to hold promisor to contract under theory that promisee made promise as well that is consideration. Promisor often responds that promisee's promise is 'illusory' and not sufficient consideration. Why enforce promises as [...]...
118. Common Law Introduction to Common Law "Common Law, term used to refer to the main body of English unwritten law that evolved from the 12th century onward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts of the realm, reflected the "common"customs of [...]...
119. Civil Law Introduction to Civil Law "Civil Law, term applied to a legal tradition originating in ancient Rome and to the contemporary legal systems based on this tradition. Modern civil law systems, which were originally developed in Western European countries, have spread throughout the world. [...]...
120. Criminology Introduction to Criminology According to Encarta, "Criminology, the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. Criminological theories help shape society's [...]...