Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Goals of Criminology Goals of Criminology The classical criminologists of the 18th century were primarily concerned with ending brutality and inequality against criminals ... Read more...
2. Modern Criminology Development of Criminology: Modern CriminologyIntroduction to Modern CriminologyAt the beginning of the 19th century, scholars began to apply the concepts and technologies of the rapidly developing biological and behavioral sciences to the study of crime. For the first time crimino......
3. Criminology Goals The Goals of CriminologyIntroduction to Criminology GoalsThe classical criminologists of the 18th century were primarily concerned with ending brutality and inequality against criminals by enforcing limitations on government power. They believed that criminal behavior was the produ......
4. Social Learning Theories Psychological Theories of Crime: Social Learning TheoriesIntroduction to Social Learning TheoriesSocial learning theories propose that people internalize moral codes more through the process of socialization-learning behaviors through interaction with others-rather than through a s......
5. Social Causes Environmental and Social Theories of Crime Social CausesIntroduction to Social CausesOne of the first theories describing the influence of social factors on crime came from French sociologist Gabriel Tarde. In the late 1880s Tarde criticized the physical typology theories of Lombro......
6. List of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) Entries ContentsList of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) EntriesSee AlsoFurther Reading List of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) Entries Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation ... Read more...
7. Independent Criminology Development of Criminology: Independent CriminologyIntroduction to Independent CriminologyIn the late 1960s and early 1970s criminology began to emerge from the more established social sciences and became a discipline in its own right. The number of instructional programs in crimin......
8. Criminal Deterrence Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment DeterrenceIntroduction to Criminal DeterrenceThose who support the deterrence theory believe that if punishment is imposed upon a person who has committed a crime, the pain inflicted will dissuade the offender (and others) from repeatin......
9. Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime ContentsEncyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate CrimePreface of the Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate CrimeHISTORY OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIMETHE ENCYCLOPEDIASome topics of ... Read more...
10. Criminal Punishment Theories Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal PunishmentIntroduction to Criminal Punishment TheoriesVarious theories have been advanced to justify or explain the goals of criminal punishment, including retribution, deterrence, restraint (or incapacitation), rehabilitation, and restoration. So......
11. Subcultural Theories Environmental and Social Theories of Crime: Social Causes: Subcultural TheoriesIntroduction to Subcultural TheoriesWhile social-structural or strain theories assume that people share similar values and differ only with respect to access to resources, subcultural theories assume tha......
12. Personality Theories Psychological Theories of Crime: Personality TheoriesIntroduction to Personality TheoriesPersonality theories attempt to explain how people acquire predispositions toward certain behavior. These predispositions are sometimes discussed in terms of personality traits, such as impulsi......
13. Drug Trafficking Drug Trafficking and the Financing of Terrorism: United Nations For information on Financing of Terrorism and the United Nations efforts against such financing, see here. UN Instruments UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES. [...]...
14. List of Forgery Topics ContentsList of Forgery TopicsForgerySpecific forgeriesForgersSee AlsoFurther Reading List of Forgery Topics Forgery is a crime (a serious offense in many ... Read more...
15. Criminology Italian School Development of Criminology: Modern Criminology in the Italian SchoolIntroduction to Criminology Italian SchoolThe founding of modern scientific criminology is generally credited to the so-called Italian school and to the work of its three principal exponents-Cesare Lombroso, Enrico......
16. International criminal law tags International Criminal Law tags International Criminal Law (overview) History Sources Of International Criminal Law The Importance Of Prosecuting International Crimes ... Read more...
17. Classical Criminology Development of Criminology: Classical CriminologyIntroduction to Classical CriminologyThe issues of crime and punishment have aroused interest and discussion since ancient times. Scriptures dating from the 10th century bc prohibit certain acts and provide consequences for those who......
18. List of Encyclopedias about Criminal Law List of Encyclopedias about Criminal Law Most of the following Encyclopedias are covered in the Encyclopedia of Law. Encyclopedia of ... Read more...
19. Criminal Punishment Retribution Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RetributionIntroduction to Criminal Punishment RetributionThe theory of retribution holds that punishment is imposed on the blameworthy party in order for society to vent its anger toward and exact vengeance upon the criminal. Supporter......
20. Criminal Restraint Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RestraintIntroduction to Criminal RestraintSome believe that the goal of punishment is restraint. If a criminal is confined, executed, or otherwise incapacitated, such punishment will deny the criminal the ability or opportunity to comm......
21. Theories of Criminal Opportunity Theories of Criminal Opportunity In the mid-1970s American sociologists Marcus Felson, Lawrence Cohen, and others changed the focus of criminological ... Read more...
22. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
23. Criminal Opportunity Criminology: Theories of Criminal OpportunityIntroduction to Criminal OpportunityIn the mid-1970s American sociologists Marcus Felson, Lawrence Cohen, and others changed the focus of criminological theory from explaining criminal motivation to explaining the occurrence of criminal ......
24. Moral Development Theories Psychological Theories of Crime: Moral Development TheoriesIntroduction to Moral Development TheoriesCriminologists who apply moral development theories build on the pioneering work done by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. According to Piaget, children evolve through four stages of ......
25. Restoration Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RestorationIntroduction to RestorationThe theory of restoration takes a victim-oriented approach to crime that emphasizes restitution (compensation) for victims. Rather than focus on the punishment of criminals, supporters of this theor......
26. Neurological Abnormalities Biological Theories of Crime: Neurological AbnormalitiesIntroduction to Neurological AbnormalitiesThe second major type of biological theory of criminality emphasizes the role of neurological factors. Studies in this area focus on abnormalities in brain functioning that reduce inhi......
27. Law, War and Crime ContentsLaw, War and CrimeConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Law, War and Crime Gerry ... Read more...
28. Financial Crime ContentsFinancial CrimeImpact of Illicit Financial FlowsThe principles of Fraud and Financial Crime InvestigationProceeds of Crime, Money Laundering and Financial Investigation ... Read more...
29. International Crime law resources ContentsInternational Crime law resourcesGeneralWar CrimesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries International Crime law resources ... Read more...
30. Crime: International Conventions ContentsCrime: International ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Crime: International Conventions Convention on the ... Read more...
31. Environmental Crime ContentsEnvironmental CrimeEnvironmental Crime: Factors for Presecution in the United StatesIntroduction to Factors to be ConsideredVoluntary Disclosure FactorCooperation FactorPreventative Measures and ... Read more...
32. Transnational Crime Transnational crime From a criminological perspective, the concept of 'transnational crime' originates from the mid-1970s when the United Nations used the term in order to identify certain criminal activities which transcend national jurisdictions. In 1995, the United Nations identified [...]...
33. Nature of Crime ContentsThe Nature of CrimeDefinition of a CrimeCriminal LawParties in a CrimeElements of a Crime The Nature of Crime Definition of ... Read more...
34. Psychological Theories of Crime ContentsPsychological Theories of CrimeBackgroundMoral Development TheoriesSocial Learning TheoriesPersonality TheoriesSee AlsoCriminology: Psychological Theories of CrimeIntroduction to Psychological Theories of CrimeResourcesNotes and ... Read more...
35. Violent Crime A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent ... Read more...
36. Encyclopedia of Race and Crime ContentsEncyclopedia of Race and CrimeDetailsDescriptionList of Topics of the Encyclopedia of Race and CrimeList of Authors of the Encyclopedia of ... Read more...
37. State Crime ContentsState CrimeResourcesNotesSee AlsoFurther Reading State Crime Chambliss, in an article, [1] defines state crime as “acts defined by law as ... Read more...
38. Crime Science ContentsCrime ScienceThe Relationships Between Crime Science and Related ApproachesEvidence-based crime reductionIntroductionDevelopmentCrime and disorder cluster in ‘hot spots’Crime clusters on ‘hot ... Read more...
39. Crime and Punishment Crime and Punishment Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law)...
40. Organized Crime Investigation ContentsOrganized Crime InvestigationOverview of Organised Crime InvestigationsThe Prediction and Control of Organized CrimeOffender InformationVictim InformationPolice Information Organized Crime Investigation Below ... Read more...
41. International criminal law: Organized Crime and Narcotics Contents International Criminal Law :Organized Crime and Narcotics1. Major Treaties and Documents2. Research Sites3. Major TreatisesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
42. List of International Organized Crime Entries ContentsList of International Organized Crime EntriesMain EntriesTransnational organized crime: the listList of International Organized Crime Entries starting with AList of ... Read more...
43. Crime and the Justice System in America: An Encyclopedia ContentsCrime and the Justice System in America: An EncyclopediaBibliographic DetailsReviewsReview by Choice ReviewPublisher ReviewAnnotationTable of ContentsResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading Crime and ... Read more...
44. White Collar and Organized Crime White Collar and Organized Crime Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law)...
45. Corporate Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Corporate Tax) ...
46. Corporate Law ......
47. Corporate Name Spanish Translation of corporate name and business nameThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to corporate name or business name and / or a definition of this topic: Nombre Comercial (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
48. Corporate Bonds Bonds in this SectionBondHow Bonds WorkTypes of BondsIssu......
49. Corporate Finance Law Corporate Finance Law......
50. Corporate Governance Law Corporate Governance Law......
51. Corporate Taxation Corporate Taxation......
52. Corporate Suretyship Spanish Translation of corporate suretyshipThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to corporate suretyship and / or a definition of this topic: Sociedades de Garantía Recíproca (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
53. Corporate Compliance In the United States For information about Corporate Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
54. Corporate Policy In the United States For information about Corporate Policy in the context of international trade, click here...
55. Corporate Duties Duties of Majority Shareholders, Directors and Officers: Main Elements The coverage of Duties of Majority Shareholders, Directors and Officers includes the following element(s): Majority Shareholders For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. References See [...]...
56. Corporate Espionage Overview of Corporate Espionage in relation to cyber crime: [1]In today's global marketplace a corporation's reputation and trademark brand recognition may also be a prime target of sabotage combined with corporate espionage. For example, damaging manufacturing apparatus or [...]...
57. Corporate Governance Contents of Corporate Governance Contents of this subject matter include: The legal structure of corporate governance: a comparative review The evolution of corporate governance, its central concerns and the resulting current mixture of law, quasi-prescriptive practice and social norms [...]...
58. Corporate Disclosure Corporate Disclosure Measurement: an Alternative Approach, the Law and other Social Sciences This chapter conducts the study on the use of text mining for corporate disclosure measurement. During the last few decades, research on corporate disclosure has received significant concentration from [...]...
59. Corporate Acquisition Resources See Also Leveraged buyout Reorganization Takeover bid Merger...
60. Corporate Liquidation Resources See Also Liquidation...
61. Corporate Liability Resources See Also Piercing the corporate veil...
62. Corporate Stock Resources See Also Stock...
63. Corporate Citizenship Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
64. Corporate Culture Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
65. Corporate Responsibility Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
66. Corporate Group Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
67. Corporate Restructuring Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
68. Stolen Corporate Data Theft of Digital Information and Related internet Crimes in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Detecting and Retrieving Stolen Corporate Data...
69. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility: Asia's (chinese) Paradigm of Corporate Social Responsibility, the Law and other Social Sciences In Asia, as elsewhere around the world, societies have a long history of cultural and religious giving. The idea of business' responsibility to give back to [...]...
70. Corporate Codes of Conduct This section provides an overview of corporate codes of conduct within the legal context of International Economic Law and the Private Sector in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges)....
71. Transfer of Corporate Securities Care, Custody, and Transfer of Corporate Securities in relation with Care, Custody and Transfer of Corporate Securities This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Transfer of Corporate Securities covered in connexion with Care, Custody and Transfer of Corporate Securities and [...]...
72. Corporate Pension Plan Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Aged Occupational Pension Scheme...
73. Irrevocable Corporate Purchase Order Irrevocable Corporate Purchase Order (ICPO) in International Trade Meaning of Irrevocable Corporate Purchase Order (ICPO), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An offer to buy goods under specified terms and conditions; for example, for misuse....
74. List of top 10 most-cited legal articles in corporate and securities law ContentsList of top 10 most-cited legal articles in corporate and securities law, by SaphiroConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
75. Crime Introduction to Crime Crime, commission of an act or act of omission that violates the law and is punishable by the state. Crimes are considered injurious to society or the community, as distinguished from torts (see Tort) and breach of contract. As defined by law, a crime includes both the [...]...
76. Sex Crime Law Sex Crime......
77. War Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on war crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "crime, war" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
78. Crime against international law ContentsCrime against international law1LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW2LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW3LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW4LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW5LAW ... Read more...
79. Biological Theories of Crime ContentsBiological Theories of CrimeBackgroundGenetic FactorsNeurological AbnormalitiesSee AlsoCriminology: Biological Theories of CrimeIntroduction to Biological Theories of CrimeResourcesNotes and ReferencesGuide to Biological ... Read more...
80. Crime Detection Introduction to Crime DetectionCrime Detection, discovery, identification, and analysis of criminal evidence as a means of law enforcement. The responsibility of law enforcement agencies is to detect crimes, apprehend the perpetrators, and provide evidence that will convince judges and juri......
81. Crime Detection History Crime Detection Historical BackgroundIntroduction to Crime Detection HistoryEarly criminal investigation was a crude process, relying on eyewitnesses, inferences, and confessions extracted under torture. In early 19th-century France, for instance, the principal technique for catchi......
82. Crime Deterrence Purposes of Imprisonment Societal Protection and Crime DeterrenceIntroduction to Crime DeterrenceLocking up dangerous criminals or persistent nonviolent offenders means that society will be protected from them for the duration of their sentences. Thus, imprisoning criminals tempora......
83. Crime Document Examination Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Document ExaminationIntroduction to Crime Document ExaminationDocument examination consists largely of comparing questioned handwriting with known handwriting to determine the writer's identity; it also includes the examination of......
84. Crime Genetic Factors Biological Theories of Crime: Genetic FactorsIntroduction to Crime Genetic FactorsThe evidence for an association between genetic makeup and criminality comes from empirical studies of identical twins (who have the same genetic makeup) and adopted children (who are genetically diss......
85. Crime Metallurgical Investigations Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Metallurgical InvestigationsIntroduction to Crime Metallurgical InvestigationsMetallurgical examinations make it possible to identify the source of an item-whether made of metal, plastic, ceramic, or other material-found at a crime sc......
86. Crime Parties Parties to a CrimeIntroduction to Crime PartiesCriminal law distinguishes levels of responsibility based on the individual's degree of involvement in the crime. A person who enters the bank, aims a gun at the teller, and asks for all the money is classified differently than the......
87. Economic Causes of Crime Environmental and Social Theories of Crime: Economic CausesIntroduction to Economic Causes of CrimeStudies concerning the influence of economic factors on criminal behavior have attempted to link economic deprivation to increased motivation to commit crimes (especially property cri......
88. Scientific Crime Investigation Crime Detection: Scientific Crime InvestigationIntroduction to Scientific Crime InvestigationIn recent times, science has provided substantial aid to crime detection. Because anything in the physical universe has the potential of becoming an item of evidence in an investigation, a ......
89. White-Collar Crime Introduction to White-Collar CrimeWhite-Collar Crime, illegal acts committed by middle- or upper-class persons in conjunction with their ordinary occupational pursuits. The term, which has no legal significance, was first popularized by the American criminologist Edwin H. Sutherland in his ......
90. Computer Crime Computer Crime......
91. Juvenile Crime Law Juvenile Crime Law......
92. Continuous Crime Spanish Translation of continuous crimeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to continuous crime and / or a definition of this topic: Delito Continuado (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
93. Proceeds of Crime Proceeds of Crime Definition of Proceeds of Crime “Proceeds of crime” means property which is derived directly or indirectly, in ... Read more...
94. Internet Crime Internet Law framework for Developing New Law in Cyberlaw Context for Developing the Law of the Internet ...
95. Transnational Organized Crime ContentsTransnational Organized CrimePenetration of State Institutions, Corruption, and Threats to GovernanceThreats to the Economy, National Competitiveness, and Strategic MarketsCrime-Terror-Insurgency NexusExpansion ... Read more...
96. Cooperation against Organized Crime ContentsCooperation against Organized CrimeBuild International Capacity, Cooperation, and Partnerships against Transnational Organized CrimeUnited Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeUnited States ... Read more...
97. Crime Prevention ContentsCrime PreventionCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)Situational Crime Prevention StrategiesFurther Reading Crime Prevention Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) It ... Read more...
98. Crime Facilitators ContentsCrime FacilitatorsCrime Facilitators existResourcesNotes Crime Facilitators Crime Facilitators exist It is also known from research that certain conditions in the ... Read more...
99. Crime Cluster ContentsCrime ClusterCrime and disorder cluster in ‘hot spots’Crime clusters on ‘hot victims’ (repeat victims)ResourcesNotes Crime Cluster Crime and disorder cluster ... Read more...
100. Crime Victimization ContentsCrime Victimization‘Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International ... Read more...
101. Organized Crime Organized Crime in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal Encyclopedia. for discussion of a new executive order and sanctions [...]...
102. Technology-enabled Crime Theory of Technology-enabled Crime, Policing, and Security Overview of Theory of Technology-enabled Crime, Policing, and Security in relation to cyber crime: [1] Resources Notes and References 1. By Samuel C. McQuade, III See Also Types of Cybercrime Cybercriminal Further Reading [...]...
103. Crime Control Policy Literature Review on Guatemala: Crime Control Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Krystin Krause offers the following summary about the topic of Guatemala: Crime Control Policy: Following the signing of the Peace Accords that ended a 36-year civil [...]...
104. International Crime International Crimes In relation to the international law practice and international crimes in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Trafficking in Persons Note: there is detailed information and resources [...]...
105. Crime Against Peace Embracing mainstream international law, this section on crime against peace explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "crime against peace" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
106. Crime Against Humanity Crime(s) Against Humanity Embracing mainstream international law, this section on crime(s) against humanity explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "crime(s) against humanity" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
107. Extradition Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on extradition crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "extradition crime" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
108. Compounding Crime Resources See Also Conceal Misprision of felony Receiving stolen goods or property Withholding of evidence...
109. Environmental and Social Theories of Crime ContentsEnvironmental and Social Theories of CrimeSocial CausesSocial-Structural TheoriesSubcultural TheoriesEconomic CausesSee AlsoCriminology: Environmental and Social Theories of CrimeIntroduction to Environmental and ... Read more...
110. Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice ...
111. Hairs and Fibers Crime Investigation Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Hairs and FibersIntroduction to Hairs and Fibers Crime InvestigationA piece of hair or a few strands of fiber, when compared with known specimens, may prove valuable in solving a case. For example, a fiber found on a cut screen at the......
112. Convention on the Prevention And Punishment Of the Crime Of Genocide Human Rights Conventions: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of GenocideFurther ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United [...]...
113. Fight Against International Organised Crime Fight against international organised crime and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Fight against international organised crime provided by the European Union Commission: The European Union has attached priority to the fight against organised crime. A plan of action approved by [...]...
114. Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Program Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Program in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Program: As discussed in section 3.C.1.a., in this world legal Encyclopedia, President Obama signed the Department of State Rewards [...]...
115. Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on convention against transnational organized crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "transnational organized crime, convention against" in the Parry [...]...
116. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united nations office on drugs and crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "united nations office on drugs and crime" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
117. Corporate Insolvency Contents of Corporate Insolvency Contents of this subject matter include: Overview of corporate insolvency appointments Informal workouts and restructuring Liquidation Voluntary administration Deeds of company arrangement Receivership...
118. Corporate Acquisitions From Business-to-business Software Startup to SAP's Acquisition, the Law and other Social Sciences Through its cloud-based source-to-pay business network, SAP Ariba provides an integrated platform and interface to help companies manage their supply chain. In this chapter, we examine how [...]...
119. Corporate Agent Description of Corporate Agent Resources See Also Corporations...
120. Corporate Securities Law Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of corporate securities law, with a description of the most significant features of corporate securities law at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Securities Regulation, [...]...