Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Prime Rate The rate of interest on business loans by commercial banks to their most creditworthy customers. The maintenance of a COMPENSATING BALANCE (read this and related legal terms for further details) by the borrower is custom......
2. Transaction Value Of Similar Goods Sold An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
3. Floor In the case of a variable rate loan (read this and related legal terms for further details), a prearranged minimum rate of interest that will be imposed, irrespective of how low the money market index falls.......
4. Proportional Rate A freight rate that is constructed by adding separate joint or local rates applying to a through movement. A proportional rate, unlike a Combination rate (read this and related legal terms for further details), is applic......
5. Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
6. Deductive Value Method An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation code (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
7. Transaction Value Of Identical Merchandise An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the CustomsValuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
8. Freely Offered Goods offered in the normal course of trade to all buying on essentially the same basis, e.g., with like prices, terms, discounts, et cetera. Under prior valuation schemes, the value at which the goods were "freely offered" served as the basis for the assessment of customs duties; this con......
9. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
10. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
11. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
12. London Interbank Offered Rate Often abbreviated as LIBOR, the rate at which major London banks will lend funds to each other. It is used as a money market index, and loans are often expressed in terms of LIBOR plus a percentage. LIBOR is used, in Eurodollar loans, as an equivalent to prime rate in the United States.......
13. Noncontract Rate The freight rate applicable to commodities shipped by a firm that has not executed an exclusive patronage contract (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
14. Real Interest Rate Synonymous with effective interest Rate (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
15. Intermediate Goods Synonymous with Intermediate Products (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
16. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
17. Green Clause A provision in a letter OF CREDIT (read this and related legal terms for further details) similar to a RED CLAUSE (read this and related legal t......
18. Nonprivileged Foreign Status The condition of imported merchandise entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), other than goods that have been granted privileged foreign status (...
19. Tariff Rate A rate for insurance coverage specifically prescribed by local regulation. Usually the rate is higher than might be derived through negotiations with a nonadmitted (read this and related legal terms for further details) ......
20. Zone Restricted Status A condition accorded to goods entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) solely for destruction or exportation to another country. These goods may not be manipulated or proc......
21. Notional Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the price the goods "ought to fetch" under specified conditions; this view was widely held for many years and was embraced in the Brussels Definition Of Value (...
22. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......
23. Reliquidation An amendment of a customs entry Liquidation (read this and related legal terms for further details)......
24. Collective Reserve Unit An artificial currency unit proposed in 1965 by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing of France. The cru, as it was known, was to have been linked to gold to create international reserves. The GROUP OF ten (read this and relat......
25. Mtn Valuation Code An agreement on valuation for customs purposes, more commonly known as the customs valuation agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
26. Nonprivileged Domestic Status The condition of merchandise of U.S. origin entered into a foreign trade zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), other than goods that have been granted privileged domestic STATUS (...
27. Positive Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the actual value of the transaction, as defined by buyer and seller. This view has been substantially fulfilled by the recent adoption of the transaction value basis of valuation in the Customs Valuatio......
28. Central Rate Each currency affiliated with the EUROPEAN monetary system (read this and related legal terms for further details) is assigned a value in terms of the European currency unit (ECU). The central rate is the range within wh......
29. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
30. Nairobi Treaty On The Protection Of The Olympic Symbol An international agreement to protect the Olympic symbol against commercial use without the approval of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The treaty specifies that adhering states will prohibit use of the Olympic symbol on goods or advertising or as a trademark except under license from th......
31. Statutory Rate Of Duty The rate of duty on the given product specified by the Smoot- Hawley Act (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1930. The rates established by this act are applied to Column 2 countries, i.e., those t......
32. Visby Amendment A proposed revision to the Hague Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1924 on the liability of ocean carriers for loss and damage to cargo. The Visby Amendment does not contemplate materia......
33. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
34. National Flag Carrier A common car RIER (read this and related legal terms for further details)-usually a steamship line or an airline- that bears its country's flag and is viewed in the trading community as representing the commercial in......
35. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
36. Smithsonian Agreement A largely unsuccessful effort to revive the fixed exchange rate system established by the bretton woods agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
37. Public Stores Generally, a warehouse or other facility operated by the Federal government for the storage of contraband, seized merchandise, or goods not released from Federal custody. Under the customs regulations, these storage facilities are operated by government personnel for merchandise not released from cu......
38. Straight Consignment Goods conveyed under a straight, i.e., nonnegotiable, Bill of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
39. Unilinear Tariff Synonymous with general TARIFF (read this and related legal terms for further details). Union D'Assureurs Des Credits Inter- Nationaux. The full, formal name of the Berne Union (...
40. Quota-Class Merchandise Goods subject to Quota (read this and related legal terms for further details) restrictions.......
41. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
42. Safeguard Measures Actions taken by a nation to protect its domestic industry and commerce from what it views as unfair or improper practices by a trading partner. For example, a trading partner's use of improper subsidies designed to artificially stimulate exports might result in such safeguard measures as the im......
43. Swapping A form of countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) by which the parties trade off goods that each controls at various locations so as to eliminate or mitigate transportation costs.......
44. Switching Also known as switch trading, a Countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) arrangement under which a purchaser in one country assigns to a seller in another country an obligation due from a thir......
45. Berth No Berth A stipulation that may be included in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) providing that if the point of loading or discharge is a berth, and if the berth is not immediately ava......
46. Cap Summary of Cap The maximum rate of interest that may be charged on a variable or floating rate loan, irrespective of how high the money market index may fluctuate.(Main Author: William J. Miller) CAP and the European Union Resources See Also Rate (Rate cap) Resources See Also [...]...
47. Guatemala Protocol (1971) A modification of the Warsaw Convention (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1929.......
48. Hague Protocol (1955) A modification of the Warsaw Convention (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1929.......
49. Pivot Charge The minimum charge imposed by an air carrier for the use of a Unit Load Device (read this and related legal terms for further details), or air container. The charge is based upon a Pivot Weight (...
50. Cross Bill Synonymous with re-draft (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
51. Paper Gold A common reference to Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the International Monetary Fund.......
52. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
53. Certificate Of Receipt Synonymous with FORWARDER'S RECEIPT (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
54. Credit Currency Synonymous with Fiduciary Currency (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
55. Independent Action The reserved right of a carrier participating in a Conference (read this legal term for further details) or rate agreement to deviate unilaterally from the common tariff and publish its own rate for a given commodity. In those tariffs that permit ......
56. Privileged Domestic Status A condition that may be accorded to merchandise of U.S. origin, or to imported merchandise upon which duties have been paid, that is entered into a foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details...
57. Tramp A vessel that offers nonscheduled service between such ports as afford cargoes of opportunity. Unlike a Liner (read this and related legal terms for further details), a tramp seeks to acquire a full load from one shipper......
58. Ab Quai Synonymous with AB KAI (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
59. Cargo-Carrying Capacity Synonymous with Deadweight Tonnage (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
60. Indicative Price Also known as the norm price, the Target Price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for producers of olive oil under the common agricultural policy (...
61. International Reserves Gold, hard currencies, and special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the international monetary fund (...
62. Operative Instrument A letter of Credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) transmitted by cable rather than on bank stationery. Customarily a bank may send a telex notification to the beneficiary of the letter of credit ......
63. Tariff (Freight) A document issued, usually in booklet form, by a Common Carrier (read this and related legal terms for further details) listing its charges for transportation services. Commonly, the rate, or cost of transportation, vari......
64. General Agreements To Borrow An arrangement among the GROUP OF TEN (read this and related legal terms for further details) nations to provide supplemental financing to the International Monetary Fund (...
65. Group Of Twenty-Four A block of less developed nations that has called for the allocation of 45 percent of the voting quota at the international Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) to Third World nations. Cu......
66. Kyoto Convention An international agreement, sponsored by the Customs cooperation Council (read this and related legal terms for further details), the object of which is to harmonize the methods and procedures of national customs authori......
67. Manufacturer's Particulars Details of the construction of an intermodal container, as specified in the container's DATA PLATE (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
68. Poultry War Synonymous with Chicken War (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
69. Clean Charter An imprecise expression used to describe a CHARTER PARTY (read this and related legal terms for further details) that does not include onerous or unusual provisions.......
70. Covered Transaction A transaction denominated in terms of a foreign currency, payable at a future date, in which protection against loss on exchange has been procured, usually in the form of a Forward Exchange Contract (read this and related le......
71. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
72. Marking Duties A special duty, in addition to ordinary duties, imposed upon merchandise not properly marked so as to indicate to the ultimate purchaser the country of origin. Section 304 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, requires that the country-of-origin marking be legible, indelible, and permanent. [...]...
73. Net Capacity Synonymous with deadweight Tonnage (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
74. Quayage Synonymous with Quay Dues (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
75. Sliding Scale Tariff A customs tariff in which rates of DUTY (read this and related legal terms for further details) vary according to the price of a given import. Usually, as the price of the item declines, the duty is reduced. Duties may b......
76. Berth A stipulation in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) that laytime ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms ......
77. Dollar Gap Synonymous with Dollar Deficit (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
78. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
79. Fire Statute An act of Congress (46 USCA Sec. 182) passed in 1851 to relieve carriers of obligations to shippers for fire losses aboard ship, "unless such fire is caused by the design or neglect of the owner"; this provision has been effectively supplanted by Section 4(2)(b) of the carriage of GOODS BY......
80. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
81. Respondentia The pledge of cargo by a vessel's master as collateral for a loan to permit the ship to continue on its journey or to make arrangements to forward the goods. The bond so created gives the lender a Maritime Lien (read thi......
82. Customs Rate The rate of exchange employed by U.S. Customs in converting foreign currency invoices for the purpose of arriving at a value, in U.S. dollars, for imported merchandise. Ad valorem duties are applied on the dollar value. In accordance with the Customs Simplification Act of 1956, the secretary of the......
83. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 8 A far-reaching and controversial pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board governing accounting practices used by American firms in transactions involving foreign currencies. The pronouncement, known commonly as FASB 8, came into effect for fiscal years beginning January 1, 1976. Am......
84. Lombard Rate The interest rate charged West German commercial banks on loans from the central bank using securities as collateral.......
85. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
86. Clean Acceptance A formal acknowledgment by a principal in negotiations for the charter of a vessel that he accepts the offer submitted to him, without further modification, and that he binds himself to execute the charter PARTY (read this a......
87. Himilaya Clause A provision in an ocean bill of lading that extends to stevedores or other employees of a carrier the carrier defenses against claims for loss and damage of cargo provided in the carriage of goods by sea act (read this and r......
88. In Regular Turn Synonymous with berth Clause (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
89. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
90. Slot Ship Synonymous with cellularized vessel (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
91. Special And Differential Treatment The concept that developing nations require special consideration in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, and that concessions should be granted to the developing nations without reciprocity. Although this concept has been advanced in various individual multilateral trade agreements, the T......
92. Warrant A warehouse receipt (read this and related legal terms for further details) containing Trust Receipt ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for furt......
93. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
94. Pilotage The charge imposed on a vessel for the services of a pilot to guide the ship into or out o: a harbor. The actual costs of pilotage are computed in terms of pilotage units (read this and related legal terms for further detail......
95. Gross Register Ton Synonymous with Gross Ton (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
96. Reconstitution A regulation of the International Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) relating to the use of Special Drawing Rights (...
97. Sterling Bloc Synonymous with sterling area (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
98. Warehouse Certificate A warehouse receipt (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
99. Cooley Doctrine Resources See Also Preemption...
100. Lombard Loans Short-term loans in Britain and some European countries secured by bonds or corporate securities; the rate of such loans is slightly higher than the commercial loan rate.......
101. Brazilian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on brazilian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "brazilian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
102. Serbian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on serbian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "serbian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
103. Bonds and Loans Bonds and Loans in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to bonds and loans on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private [...]...
104. Farm Loans Farm Loans in relation with Farm Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Farm Loans covered in connexion with Farm Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
105. Real Estate Loans Real Estate Loans regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Real Estate Loans covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
106. Loans on Business Property Loans on Income or Business Property in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Loans on Income or Business Property covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
107. Loans Service Resources See Also Library Law Library Legal Deposit Public Law Library Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
108. Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
109. Norwegian Loans Certain Norwegian Loans (france v. Norway) Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on certain norwegian loans (france v. norway) case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "certain norwegian [...]...
110. Norwegian Loans Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on norwegian loans case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "norwegian loans case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
111. Multi-family Loans Opinion Guidelines For Hud and Fha Multi-family Loans in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Opinion Guidelines For Hud and Fha Multi-family Loans covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
112. Single-family First Mortgage Loans Single-family First Mortgage Loans in relation with Real Estate Loans This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Single-family First Mortgage Loans covered in connexion with Real Estate Loans and banking / lending Institutions....
113. List of U.S. Court decisions applying NY Convention 1958 Contents Commercial arbitration: United States Court decisions applying New York Convention of 1958 U.S. Court decisions applying New York Convention ... Read more...
114. List of U.S. Cases applying New York Convention 1958 Contents Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases applying New York Convention 1958 See for previous cases:Commercial arbitration: U.S. Court decisions applying NY ... Read more...
115. Coastwise Option A provision of the carriage OF GOODS BY SEA ACT (read this and related legal terms for further details) (COGSA) which permits COGSA to be incorporated into bills of lading covering shipments in the domestic maritime comm......
116. Code Of Liner Conduct Code of Liner Conduct. ......
117. Codex Alimentarius A document published by the Codex Alimentarius Commission establishing international standards for raw and processed food products. The commission was established in 1963 by the Food and Agriculture Organization in conjunction with the World Health Organization. Member states of either the FAO [...]...
118. Collective Farm A communal farm on which the land and heavy machinery are owned by the state, but the other means of production are owned by the participating farmers. Often the member families cultivate a private plot on the farm in addition to the communal plot. Management of the farm is ostensibly controlled by ......
119. Colliery Turn A provision in some bulk coal charter parties stipulating that loading will commence upon availability of the specified coal from the mine.......
120. Column 1 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. See TARIFF (CUSTOMS); Tariff Schedules of the United States.......