Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Quotation Quotation in International Trade Meaning of Quotation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An offer to sell goods or services. In international trade, offers to sell goods are often prepared in purchase order or proforma invoice format. Model of [...]...
2. Sample Sample in International Trade Meaning of Sample, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A portion or piece taken as a representative of a whole. When cost permits, sellers often provide samples to new customers, or of new products to existing customers. Either [...]...
3. Confidentiality Agreement Confidentiality Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Confidentiality Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of contract used to protect sensitive technical or commercial information from disclosure to others. Such agreement is often [...]...
4. Valuation Clause Valuation Clause in International Trade Meaning of Valuation Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The clause in a marine cargo insurance policy that contains the agreed basis for determining the value of covered goods. This sets the amount due under [...]...
5. Kompass Kompass in International Trade Meaning of Kompass, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Kompass is the leading online global business directory with nearly 4 million registered businesses in 60 countries. The search can be done by country, product or company [...]...
6. Counterfeit Counterfeit in International Trade Meaning of Counterfeit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to [...]...
7. London Court of International Arbitration London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in International Trade Meaning of London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The LCIA is one of the world's leading international institutions for commercial [...]...
8. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
9. Certificate of Manufacture A document issued by a manufacturer attesting that the named item has been manufactured and is available for shipment. This document is used commonly with sales under letters of credit providing for full or partial payment upon manufacture of the goods. In 1942 the Bankers' Association for [...]...
10. Confirming Confirming in International Trade Meaning of Confirming, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A financial service in which an independent company confirms an export order in the seller's country and makes payment for the goods in the currency of that [...]...
11. Delivery Note Delivery Note in International Trade Meaning of Delivery Note, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The delivery note is a document that certifies the delivery of goods to the buyer, who must sign it to make it clear that the goods have been delivered in [...]...
12. Cietac Cietac in International Trade Meaning of Cietac, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The China International and Economic Trade Arbitration Commission is a major arbitration institution in China. CIETAC headquarters are in Beijing, and also has [...]...
13. Gauger Gauger in International Trade Meaning of Gauger, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or company that measures, gauges or otherwise inspected by approved commercial gauger for classification-verification purposes. See surveyor....
14. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
15. Consignor The person or firm shown as shipper on the BILL OF LADING (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
16. Cost and Freight (CFR) Cost and Freight in International Trade Meaning of Cost and Freight, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms CFR the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to named port of destination but the risk of loss and [...]...
17. Packing List Packing List in International Trade Meaning of Packing List, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A seller-prepared commercial document indicating the net and gross weights, dimensions and contents of all shipping pieces (boxes, crates, bundles, etc.) in a [...]...
18. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
19. Compensatory Trade Compensatory Trade in International Trade Meaning of Compensatory Trade, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A form of countertrade where any combination of goods and services are bartered. See countertrade....
20. Limited Liability Company Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung) in Company Law Meaning of Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In German speaking countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) a designation for a private limited [...]...
21. Compensation Deal A semibarter arrangement in which goods are purchased partially in cash and partially with other goods.......
22. Consolidator Consolidator in International Trade Meaning of Consolidator, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A company that provides consolidation services. Freight forwarders perform the functions of a consolidator. See consolidation....
23. Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
24. Confidential Information Confidential Information in International Trade Meaning of Confidential Information, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A classification that identifies sensitive information that, if disclosed, could damage the person or organization it relates to. In a [...]...
25. Quality Control Quality Control in International Trade Meaning of Quality Control, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The process of making sure that goods and services are produced and maintained to agreed quality standards. Resources See Also Business Company [...]...
26. Cartage The transfer of merchandise locally, e.g., from a pier to a nearby warehouse; also, the charge for cartage services.......
27. Country of Destination Country of Destination in International Trade Meaning of Country of Destination, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The nation in which exported goods are to be used or consumed, as known to the shipper at the time of export....
28. Collect Charges Collect Charges in International Trade Meaning of Collect Charges, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In shipping, the transportation practice under which the receiver of the goods pays charges....
29. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
30. Surveyor Surveyor in International Trade Meaning of Surveyor, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or company that acting as an independent third-party expert examines and ascertains the condition of goods or transport equipment (specially ships). [...]...
31. Importer In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Managing Director Managing Director in International Trade Meaning of Managing Director, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A managing director is someone who is responsible for the daily operations of a company, organization, or corporate division. In some countries, the [...]...
33. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
34. Consignment Summary of Consignment Goods in transit under a bill of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details)(Main Author: William J. Miller) Consignment in International Trade Meaning of Consignment, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global [...]...
35. Contract Manufacturing Contract Manufacturing in International Trade Meaning of Contract Manufacturing, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Contract manufacturing in international markets is used in situations when one company arranges for another company in a different country to [...]...
36. Dangerous Goods Declaration Dangerous Goods Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Dangerous Goods Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Shippers of dangerous goods are required to declare them to carriers per the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the [...]...
37. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
38. Types of Invoices In the United States For information about Types of invoices in the context of international trade, click here...
39. Clauses Sue & Labor Clause in International Trade Meaning of Sue & Labor Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A provision in marine insurance obligating the assured to do things necessary after a loss to prevent further loss and to act in the best interests [...]...
40. Intrastat Intrastat in International Trade Meaning of Intrastat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This is the system for collecting statistical data on the trade between members States of European Union (EU). When a country becomes a member state of the EU, the [...]...
41. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
42. Trade Documents Trade Documents in International Trade Meaning of Trade Documents, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Paper documents (or electronic files) used in international trade that prove that certain events have taken place. For convenience, the documents commonly [...]...
43. Casualty Casualty in International Trade Meaning of Casualty, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An adverse chance event, such as the disappearance of, or damage, to goods in transit. Casualty Resources See Also Accident Loss Unavoidable casualty...
44. Consular Declaration Consular Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Consular Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A formal statement, made in the country of export by the consul of an importing country, describing goods to be shipped to the importing country....
45. Corporation Sociedad Anónima (s.a.) in International Trade Meaning of Sociedad Anónima (s.a.), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Spain, México and Latin America designation for a joint stock company with limited personal to shareholders. See [...]...
46. Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods in International Trade Meaning of Dangerous Goods, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, o property when transported by air and which are classified [...]...
47. Trade Name Trade Name in International Trade Meaning of Trade Name, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The name under which an organization conduct business, or by which the business or its goods or services are identified. it may or may not be registered as a trademark....
48. Weight W/M in International Trade Meaning of W/m, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Weight or measurement is a method of quoting freight rates: 1. for sea freight, per metric ton (1.000 kilograms) or per cubic meter (35.3 cubic feet) whichever is greater; 2. for [...]...
49. CFS CFS Charge in International Trade Meaning of Cfs Charge, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The charge assessed for services performed at the origin or destination for loading or unloading of cargo into/from containers at a CFS Container Freight Station....
50. Commission Agent Commission Agent in International Trade Meaning of Commission Agent, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An international agent who is paid a percentage of the sales he or she generates. The Agent offers products to potential clients in an assigned territory [...]...
51. Cover Note Cover Note in International Trade Meaning of Cover Note, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Document issued by insurance company or insurance brokers instead of insurance policies or insurance certificates, which serves as proof of usual insurance [...]...
52. Born Global Born Global in International Trade Meaning of Born Global, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Born global is a type of company that from the beginning of its activities pursues a vision of becoming global and globalizes rapidly without any preceding long [...]...
53. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
54. Bill of Parcels Bill of Parcels in International Trade Meaning of Bill of Parcels, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A statement that lists the descriptions and prices of goods in a parcel and that is sent to the buyer with the goods. Also called packing list....
55. CMR Transport Document CMR Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cmr Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This document, also know as CMR consignment note, constitutes a proof of the contract of carriage by road, determines the scope and [...]...
56. Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) Cost, Insurance and Freight in International Trade Meaning of Cif Cost, Insurance and Freight, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In this Incoterms, the seller has the same obligations as under CFR but with the addition hat he has to procure marine [...]...
57. Current Balance Current Balance in International Trade Meaning of Current Balance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The value of all exports (goods plus services) less all imports of a country over a specific period of time, equal to the sum of the trade (visible) and [...]...
58. Import Contract Import Contract in International Trade Meaning of Import Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The import contract is suitable when a company is buying goods from abroad by way of import in the course of a business to business transaction. The [...]...
59. Sitc Sitc in International Trade Meaning of Sitc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Standard International Trade Classification is a numerical code developed by the United nations for the classification of goods. See Brussels Tariff Nomenclature; Harmonized [...]...
60. Straight Straight B/L in International Trade Meaning of Straight B/l, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A non-negotiable bill of lading which specifies the consignee to whom the goods are to be delivered. It is used when payment for the goods has been made in [...]...
61. Global Trade Alert Global Trade Alert in International Trade Meaning of Global Trade Alert, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Website that offers information about international trade barriers or state measures that are likely to affect international trade. It identifies the [...]...
62. Consular Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference......
63. Customs Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......
64. Certified Invoice Certified Invoice in International Trade Meaning of Certified Invoice, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Some countries require certified invoices, particularly when goods are being shipped against a letter of credit. These are invoices that are certified [...]...
65. Commercial Risk The risk borne by an exporter that his foreign customer may be unable to pay for merchandise imported under open account terms. Commercial risk is contrasted with political risks, which arise from governmental actions and are unrelated to the financial condition or credit-wor- thiness of the [...]...
66. Commercial Counterfeiting Commercial Counterfeiting and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commercial Counterfeiting: A deceptive trade practice involving trademark piracy, false labeling, or other [...]...
67. Commercial Agency Commercial Agency in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Agency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A relationship between one individual or legal entity (the agent) who represents, acts on behalf of, and binds another individual or legal entity (the [...]...
68. Commercial Counsellor Commercial Counsellor in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Counsellor, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The commercial expert on the diplomatic staff of a country's embassy or large consulate. Also called commercial attaché....
69. Commercial in Confidence Commercial in Confidence in International Trade Meaning of Commercial in Confidence, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A classification that identifies information that, if disclosed, may result in damage to a party's commercial interests, intellectual [...]...
70. Commercial Presence Commercial Presence in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Presence, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In international marketing forms of entry strategies, having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country....
71. Commercial Treaty Commercial Treaty in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Treaty, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement between two or more countries setting forth conditions under which business between or among the countries may be transacted. It may [...]...
72. Commercial Value Commercial Value in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Value, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The actual price at which a product is sold either to unrelated parties or to related parties at arm's length. This is the opposite of no commercial [...]...
73. Commercial Sensitive Information Commercial Sensitive Information in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Sensitive Information, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Information that, if disclosed, could prejudice a supplier's commercial interests e.g. trade secrets, profit margins [...]...
74. Legalized Invoice Legalized Invoice in International Trade Meaning of Legalized Invoice, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Occasionally, customs in the Middle East, require invoices to be both certified and legalised. After certification, invoices have to be presented to [...]...
75. Proforma Invoice Proforma Invoice in International Trade Meaning of Proforma Invoice, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sample invoice provided by an exporter prior to a sale or shipment or merchandise, informing the buyer of the price, kinds and quantities of goods to [...]...
76. Commercial Law Questions Contents Commercial law Questions Questions about Commercial law How did Sherman Anti-Trust Act affect restraints of trade? What are some ... Read more...
77. Commercial law Commercial law Introduction to Commercial Law Commercial Law, body of law that relates to commerce and business transactions. Commercial law includes the laws that pertain to sales; negotiable instruments, such as checks and promissory notes; carriage by land and sea; insurance; brokerage; [...]...
78. Commercial Bill A bill of exchange (read here for further details) that arises out of a transaction involving the sale of goods.......
79. Commercial Paper Summary of Commercial Paper Unsecured debt obligations of large, credit-worthy firms, issued for periods of one year or less.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also Bearer instrument Instrument Negotiable instruments Note Trade acceptance...
80. Invoice A statement of charges, usually on a preprinted form, given by a seller to a buyer covering a specific transaction. Invoices commonly contain the following data: name and address of purchaser; description of merchandise, including prices; place at which goods were delivered or point to which they we......
81. Commercial Bounties Commercial BountiesSome bounties are designed to encourage the production or marketing of a particular commodity or foster the growth of new industry. They may be granted directly as subsidies or other payments or indirectly as reduced rates for transportation or exemptions from part or all......
82. Commercial Treaties Commercial TreatiesCommercial Treaties, formal agreements concluded between states for the purpose of establishing mutual rights to, and regulating conditions of, trade and navigation in the territories of the signatories. Provisions often cover the rights of nationals of one party to resid......
83. Commercial Arbitration In the U.S., commercial arbitration is used most often in the construction, garment, and textile industries; in cases involving insurance and negligence; in maritime disputes; and in controversies involving members of stock and commodity exchanges. All but six states have adopted modern [...]...
84. Commercial Lease Commercial Lease......
85. Commercial Societies The Legal History of Partnerships and Commercial Societies in Islamic LawThis section provides an overview of Partnerships and Commercial Societies in Islamic Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Partnerships and Commercial [...]...
86. Commercial Premises Spanish Translation of commercial premisesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to commercial premises and / or a definition of this topic: Establecimiento Mercantil (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
87. Commercial Transactions Spanish Translation of commercial transactionsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to commercial transactions and / or a definition of this topic: Acto de Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
88. Commercial Environment In the United States For information about Commercial Environment in the context of international trade, click here...
89. Commercial System In the United States For information about Commercial System in the context of international trade, click here...
90. Commercial Email Privacy, Security and Internet Advertising in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Commercial Email...
91. Commercial Insurance Commercial Insurance in Aging Law Concept of Commercial Insurance in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):In health care, usually any insurance for hospital or medical care which has the objective of making a [...]...
92. Commercial Activity Commercial Activity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Section 1605(a)(2) of the FSIA provides that a foreign state is not immune from suit in any case "in which the action is based upon a [...]...
93. Commercial Relations Cross References of Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation in International Law Counternarcotics majors list, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.B.2.a. Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, information on Treaty Affairs in this legal [...]...
94. Commercial Contracts Commercial Contracts Contents of Commercial Contracts Contents of this subject matter include: Constructing the contract-single and multiple documents, the role of framework agreements and industry standard agreements, pre-contractual representations (heads of agreement, incomplete contracts; [...]...
95. Commercial Equity Commercial Equity Contents of Commercial Equity Contents of this subject matter include: History of fiduciary obligations in commercial arrangements Directors' duties Third party liability issues in commercial disputes Unjust Enrichment Corporate opportunity doctrine Equitable Tracing [...]...
96. Commercial Equity Law Contents of Commercial Equity Law Contents of this subject matter include: History of fiduciary obligations in commercial arrangements Directors' duties Third party liability issues in commercial dispute Specific performance, injunctions, equitable damages Corporate opportunity doctrine [...]...
97. Commercial Logos Destination @-branding of Ten European Capitals Through the Institutional Stems and Commercial Logos, the Law and other Social Sciences The research compares the social representations evoked by brands of the ten European Capitals (Rome, London, Paris, Helsinki, Vienna, Warsaw, Berlin, Madrid, [...]...
98. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
99. Commercial Lending Commercial Lending regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Commercial Lending covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
100. Commercial Property Leases of Business or Commercial Property in relation with Equipment Leasing This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Leases of Business or Commercial Property covered in connexion with Equipment Leasing and banking / lending Institutions....
101. Commercial Acquiescence Description of Commercial Acquiescence In this reference work, commercial acquiescence is a sort of the Patents, International Law category. Resources See Also Patents Patents International Law...
102. Commercial Bank Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to commercial bank in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
103. Commercial Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of commercial, with a description of the most significant features of commercial at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Playing To A New Crowd: How Congress Could Break The [...]...
104. Commercial Law Practice Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of commercial law practice, with a description of the most significant features of commercial law practice at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Mutual Fund Capital [...]...
105. Commercial Law Salary Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of commercial law salary, with a description of the most significant features of commercial law salary at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Uber'S Dilemma: How The [...]...
106. Commercial Insolvency Resources See Also Bankrupt Insolvency...
107. Commercial Bribery Resources See Also Bribery...
108. Commercial Impracticability Resources See Also Commercial frustration...
109. Commercial Instrument Resources See Also Commercial paper...
110. Commercial Domicile Resources See Also Domicile...
111. Commercial Loan Resources See Also Loan...
112. Commercial Name Resources See Also Trade name...
113. Commercial Code Resources See Also Uniform Commercial Code...
114. Commercial Enterprise Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
115. Commercial School Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
116. Commercial Education Resources See Also Legal System Judiciary Justice...
117. Commercial Farming Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
118. Commercial arbitral legislation worldwide Contents Commercial arbitral legislation worldwide This subject of the Encyclopedia covers arbitral law in over 70 countries. This can be ... Read more...
119. Commercial Outlines and Briefs Contents Commercial Outlines and Briefs Commercial Outlines and Briefs in the United States They are addressed mostly to first-year law ... Read more...
120. Final Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......