Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Delivery Order Written instructions issued by the owner of goods or his authorized agent to the holder of such goods directing that the merchandise be released or shipped to a specified party.......
2. Combined Transport Operator A common carrier providing multimodal transport services. These services may involve movement of the goods by several modes (e.g., rail, water, motor), with one portion of the shipment actually performed by the carrier issuing the bill of lading and other portions subcontracted out.......
3. Combined Transport Bill Of Lading A bill of lading covering movement of goods through more than one carrier, and perhaps through several modes of transport (water, air, rail, motor). The issuer of a combined transport bill of lading assumes responsibility for the goods throughout the journey until final destination, but his legal li......
4. Intermediate Consignee A person named in a bill of lading or other shipping paper as authorized to receive cargo for the purpose of effecting delivery to the ultimate consignee.......
5. In-bond The condition of goods that have been temporarily exempted from customs clearance and duties, in lieu of which the importer or custodian of the goods has posted a surety with customs authorities to ensure that the goods will not be released or consumed until formal examination and clearance [...]...
6. Transshipment The act of passing cargo from one carrier to another to continue the journey in those cases where the first carrier does not go from origin of a shipment to destination.......
7. Customs Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......
8. Combined Transport Combined Transport in International Trade Meaning of Combined Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Consignment sent by means of various modes of transport, such as by rail and by ocean....
9. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
10. Clearance The completion of customs formalities including, but not limited to, the physical examination of imported merchandise, and the submission of documents necessary to permit the release of merchandise from customs control to the importer.......
11. Port of Entry A point designated by a nation's customs authority through which goods may be entered for examination and clearance; ports of entry may be actual ocean ports, land border points, or interior locations to which goods are carried in bond.......
12. Customs Duty Spanish Translation of exemption from customs dutyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exemption from customs duty and / or a definition of this topic: Franquicia Aduanera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
13. Tir Carnet Tir Carnet in International Trade Meaning of Tir Carnet, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued pursuant to the TIR (Transport International Routier) permitting sealed road transport shipments to traverse European TIR-members countries without [...]...
14. Entrepot A warehouse or storage facility where foreign merchandise may be deposited and withdrawn for re-export without incurring customs duties.......
15. Barter Summary of Barter A direct exchange of products without cash. In some cases, a third party is brought into the transaction to dispose of some or all of the goods in a third country; this practice is known as switch trading. See Countertrade.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Barter [...]...
16. International Road Transportation Convention International Road Transportation Convention in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transportation Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage by Road was adopted in Geneva in [...]...
17. General Order A condition imposed upon merchandise that is imported into the customs territory of the United States but that is not promptly cleared through customs. General order merchandise is deposited in an approved warehouse pending disposition. Section 127 of the Customs Regulations governs the [...]...
18. CIM Transport Document CIM Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cim Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An internationally standardized freight document issued in rail transport. CIM stands for "Convention Internationale concernant le [...]...
19. CMR Transport Document CMR Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cmr Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This document, also know as CMR consignment note, constitutes a proof of the contract of carriage by road, determines the scope and [...]...
20. Customs Entry Read Entry (Customs) as cross-reference.......
21. Clean Transport Document Clean Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Clean Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A receipt for goods without any adverse notation indicating damage or shortage, issued by a carrier. Goods covered by clean transport [...]...
22. Customs Conventions ContentsCustoms ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 ... Read more...
23. Manifest A document listing all the cargo stowed aboard a vessel, usually broken down by port of unloading. The manifest is an abstract of the individual bills of lading issued for each consignment and is customarily provided to customs authorities for inspection upon landing.......
24. Zone Restricted Status A condition accorded to goods entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) solely for destruction or exportation to another country. These goods may not be manipulated or proc......
25. Transit Zone An entry point established by a coastal state for the benefit of a neighboring nation that is landlocked or lacking adequate port facilities for its own trade. Generally a transit zone is cordoned off from the main port facility, and goods passing through the zone are usually exempt from the [...]...
26. Bonded Warehouse Summary of Bonded Warehouse A warehouse storage area, or manufacturing facility in which imported merchandise may be stored or processed without payment of customs duties. Such premises are operated by a warehouse proprietor who holds a license from the U. S. Customs Service. Bonded [...]...
27. Cabotage Summary of Cabotage Literally, coastwise navigation, generally used to denote the proscription of foreign flag vessels in a nation's coastwise trade. Since an act of Congress in 1817 (2 Stat. 351), the coastwise trade of the United States has been reserved exclusively to American [...]...
28. Multimodal Bill Of Lading A bill of lading that provides for carriage of goods by more than one mode of transport (i.e., water, air, rail, motor), unlike a combined transport bill of lading, in which the issuer of the bill assumes responsibility for the goods through to destination. The multimodal bill may leave each carrier......
29. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
30. Freight Summary of Freight The earnings that a carrier derives from the carriage of merchandise. Freight should not be confused with cargo, which is the merchandise itself. Also, the term freight is used to represent payment made by a charterer to the vessel's owner for use of a ship under a [...]...
31. Gateway A city or other point at which cargo is transferred between tariff jurisdictions.......
32. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
33. Carriage Paid (CPT) Carriage Paid to in International Trade Meaning of Cpt Carriage Paid to, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms CPT the delivery of goods occurs when the seller makes them available to the carrier that he has hired to perform international [...]...
34. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
35. Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
36. Foul Transport Document Foul Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Foul Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A receipt for shipped hoods tendered by a carrier (such as a dock receipt), or marine, air or ground transport document) that indicates [...]...
37. Multimodal Transport Document Multimodal Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued or signed by a carrier indicating carriage by more than one means of transportation. For example, a [...]...
38. Lighterage A charge imposed for the transfer of cargo from vessel to shore and vice versa by means of lighters.......
39. Mate's Receipt A document issued by a ship's officer acknowledging receipt of a specific quantity of cargo. A mate's receipt is usually issued only in conjunction with a vessel charter.......
40. Consular Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference......
41. Feeder Vessel A small vessel or barge that carries goods from a principal port to outlying ports not served directly by the mother ship.......
42. Fiata Bill of Lading (FBL) Fiata Bill of Lading in International Trade Meaning of FBL (Fiata Bill of Lading), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The FIATA Bill of Lading serves as a shipping contract and a proof that the goods have been carried with the use of more than one [...]...
43. Sad Sad in International Trade Meaning of Sad, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Single Administration Document is a customs declaration document used by all countries within the European Union (EU). It is required for all exports of goods outside the [...]...
44. Trade Facilitation Trade Facilitation in International Trade Meaning of Trade Facilitation, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). The International Law of Customs: Trade [...]...
45. Swap By agreement, the combined purchase and sale of a specified amount of foreign exchange, with different dates for sale and purchase. This arrangement permits each party to the transaction to use, for a given period of time, a currency he needs in return for one he does not need, without any [...]...
46. Letter of Indemnity A document issued by a shipper of merchandise to a steamship line as an inducement for the carrier to issue a clean bill of Lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) where it might not otherwise do s......
47. Phytosanitary Certificate Also known as a sanitary certificate, a document issued by an appropriate governmental authority in the country of export certifying that a given shipment of plants or agricultural products has been inspected and is free from disease or pests. This document is customarily obtained by the [...]...
48. Commercial Invoice Commercial Invoice in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Invoice, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The document recording a transaction between the seller and the buyer. Commercial invoices are normally prepared by sellers, and should include the [...]...
49. Free Alongside A condition in a shipping contract whereby the shipper bears all costs of delivering the goods up to a ship's tackle. This definition is modified to accommodate local customs of the port. ......
50. Import Substitution Summary of Import Substitution The act of eliminating imports of a given product by commencing production locally, often accompanied by controls such as increased duties, quotas, or outright bans to discourage or prevent continued foreign imports. This approach is fairly common on the part [...]...
51. Transaction Value Of Similar Goods Sold An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
52. Sea Waybill Sea Waybill in International Trade Meaning of Sea Waybill, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A transport document for maritime shipment which serves as evidence of the contract of carriage and as a receipt for the goods, but is not a document of title. The [...]...
53. Checker An employee of a steamship line or stevedoring firm responsible for the examination of cargo delivered to the pier for onward transport. Routinely, the checker ascertains the count and condition of the goods so delivered and issues a receipt for same, noting the date and time of delivery.......
54. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
55. Trust Receipt An instrument in which a borrower pledges certain specific goods as collateral for a loan. The trust receipt certifies that the named goods are held in trust for the creditor or are segregated in the borrower's premises on behalf of the lender. Proceeds from the sale of the pledged goods [...]...
56. Contract Rate In the steamship industry, the freight rate applicable to goods shipped by a firm that has executed an exclusive patronage contract (read this and related legal terms for further details) with a Conference (...
57. Deductive Value Method An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation code (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
58. Documents Against Acceptance Bill Of Exchange, Direct Collection.......
59. Goods In Free Circulation Merchandise not subject to customs restrictions. These goods would include locally produced (i.e., not imported) merchandise and goods that have been cleared by customs and upon which all duties and taxes have been paid.......
60. Kyoto Convention An international agreement, sponsored by the Customs cooperation Council (read this and related legal terms for further details), the object of which is to harmonize the methods and procedures of national customs authori......
61. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
62. Delivered at Place (DAP) Delivered at Place in International Trade Meaning of DAP (Delivered at Place), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Incoterms DAP the seller delivers the goods, without unloading, at the place of destination in the buyer's country. The transport [...]...
63. Bonded Goods Goods stored in a bonded warehouse prior to release from customs jurisdiction.......
64. Loading Summary of Loading A risk premium in addition to interest charges and acceptance fees deducted by a bank or discount house from the face value of a bill of exchange (read here for further details) presented for discounting. This additional margin will vary, depending upon the quality of the [...]...
65. Customs Transit The condition of merchandise that is transiting the customs territory of a nation without having been released from customs jurisdiction. Goods in customs transit are processed under an in transit entry at the time they enter the United States; the in transit, or I.T., entry is effected by filing wi......
66. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
67. Combined Nomenclature Combined nomenclature (CN) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Combined nomenclature (CN) provided by the European Union Commission: A systematic list of goods descriptions based on the Harmonized System, serving for the purposes of the Common Customs Tariff, external trade [...]...
68. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
69. Stale Document A document presented after the time customarily allowed for such presentations. For example, the Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits provides that bills of lading dated more than twenty-one days prior to presentation will be unacceptable under letter of credit transactions, unless ......
70. Water Transport ContentsWater TransportWater Transport Conventions and International AgreementsConvention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary WatercoursesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the ... Read more...
71. Common Transport Policy Common transport policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transport policy provided by the European Union Commission: The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders between Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons [...]...
72. Bearer Document Bearer Document in International Trade Meaning of Bearer Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A negotiable document such as a pawn ticket, a duly-endorsed cheque, or one payable to the order cash, or a negotiable warehouse receipt, whereby the [...]...
73. Core Document Embracing mainstream international law, this section on core document explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "core document" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
74. Confidential Document Resources See Also Document Publications...
75. Inland Shipping Document A bill of lading for land transportation that covers only a portion of the journey. An inland shipping document often underlies a through bill of lading issued by a carrier providing point-to-point service.......
76. Crime Document Examination Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Document ExaminationIntroduction to Crime Document ExaminationDocument examination consists largely of comparing questioned handwriting with known handwriting to determine the writer's identity; it also includes the examination of......
77. Document Retrieval Services ContentsDocument Retrieval ServicesDocument Retrieval Services in the United StatesResourcesSee Also Document Retrieval Services For corporate filings, try Perfect Information, CSC ... Read more...
78. Transport Conventions ContentsTransport ConventionsTransport Conventions and other International Instruments ResourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Transport ... Read more...
79. Intermodal Transport Intermodal Transport in International Trade Meaning of Intermodal Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The coordinated transport of freight, especially in connection with relatively long-haul movements using any combination of freight forwarders, [...]...
80. Transport Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) in International Trade Meaning of Roll-on/roll-off (roro), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A combination of road and sea transport, where loaded road vehicles are driven on to a ferry or ship (roll-on/roll-off ship) and off at the [...]...
81. Goods Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
82. Inland Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
83. International Transport International Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
84. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
85. Transport Worker Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
86. Workers Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
87. International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association Outline The IATA was founded in 1945 in Havana under the agreement of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. The IATA replaced the International Air Traffic Association set up in 1919 in The Hague. It is a non-governmental [...]...
88. Document Definition Document, strictly, in law, that which can serve as evidence or proof, and is written or printed, or has an inscription or any significance that can be “read”; thus a picture, authenticated photograph, seal or the like would furnish “documentary evidence.” More generally the word [...]...
89. Inland Water Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
90. International Road Transport Union International Road Transport Union (IRU) in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transport Union (IRU), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An organization with members in 75 countries, the IRU assists bus, coach and truck operators throughout [...]...
91. Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Bill of lading for carriage whenever there are at last two different forms of transport, such as shipping by rail [...]...
92. Document Fraud Literature Review on Identity Theft and Document Fraud: National Security Threats In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Patricia A. Goforth offers the following summary about the topic of Identity Theft and Document Fraud: National Security Threats: Identity [...]...
93. Document Parts Resources See Also Document Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
94. Document Delivery Resources See Also Library Law Library Legal Deposit Public Law Library Information Science Research Investigation Legal Research Study...
95. Original Document Rule Resources See Also Best evidence...
96. Electronic Document Management Resources See Also Computer Fraud Computer Electronic Surveillance Electronic Commerce...
97. Electronic Document Delivery Resources See Also Publishing Publishing Contract Legal Publisher Academic Publishing...
98. Through Transport Club The common name for the Through Transport Mutual Insurance Association Limited, a mutual insurance fund of firms in the container or unit load industry. The insureds are member firms, and the membership is derived from three main groups: vessel owners and charterers, container terminal operators, an......
99. Transport Law Commercial Trade and Transport Law Contents of Commercial Trade and Transport Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction and overview Regulation of commercial shipping: International Regulation of commercial shipping: Australia Maritime law concepts Carriage by sea: [...]...
100. Air Transport Arbitration France–United States Air Transport Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on france–united states air transport arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "france–united states [...]...
101. Sea Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to sea transport in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
102. Transport Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
103. Air Transport Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
104. Means of Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
105. Railway Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
106. Road Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
107. Transport Equipment Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
108. Urban Transport Resources See Also Urban Issues Urban Planning Urbanization Zoning Law Transport...
109. Intermodal Transport Unit Intermodal Transport Unit in International Trade Meaning of ITU (Intermodal Transport Unit), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Container or pallet suitable for multimodal transport....
110. Multimodal Transport Operator Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A carrier who concludes multimodal transport contracts; i.e., contract involving transport by more than one mode of [...]...
111. Land Transport Services This section provides an overview of land transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
112. Maritime Transport Services This section provides an overview of maritime transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
113. Seawaybills and Other Transport Documents Seawaybills and Other Transport Documents in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to seawaybills and other transport documents on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens [...]...
114. Witness to a Document Witness Witness to a DocumentIntroduction to Witness to a DocumentWitnesses are also necessary to ensure the legal validity of certain documents and ceremonies. The number of witnesses required in nonjudicial matters varies among the different jurisdictions; thus, most states of th......
115. International Transport Workers' Federation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
116. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport 2 Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
117. Air Transport Services This section provides an overview of air transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Antonia Carzaniga, "Air Transport [...]...
118. Transport Law (Uniform Law) Transport Law (Uniform Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to transport law (uniform law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
119. Commodity Summary of Commodity A nondifferentiated product produced with commonly available technology.(Main Author: William J. Miller) The Legal History of Commodity in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Commodity in Islamic Law Commodity in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
120. Common Carrier Read Carrier as cross-reference......