Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
2. European Common Commercial Policy Article 133 (ex-Article 113) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Article 133 (ex-Article 113) provided by the European Union Commission: Article 133 of the EC Treaty allows the European Union to negotiate, conclude and implement trade agreements with other countries of the [...]...
3. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
4. External Responsibilities External responsibilities of the European Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of External responsibilities of the European Community provided by the European Union Commission: The European Community's external responsibilities are defined in accordance with whether [...]...
5. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
6. Architecture of Europe Architecture of Europe and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Architecture of Europe provided by the European Union Commission: This refers to the various organisations, institutions, treaties and traditional relations making up the European area within which members work [...]...
7. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
8. Commercial Counterfeiting Commercial Counterfeiting and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commercial Counterfeiting: A deceptive trade practice involving trademark piracy, false labeling, or other [...]...
9. Legal Personality The Legal History of Legal Personality in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Legal Personality in Islamic Law Legal Personality and Europe There is an entry on legal personality in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Legal [...]...
10. Association Agreement Stabilisation and association agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Stabilisation and association agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A bilateral agreement, which establishes a single basis for assisting a country. Each EU candidate country has such [...]...
11. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
12. Foreign Policy COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) provided by the European Union Commission: Coreu is an EU communication network between the Member States and the Commission for cooperation in the fields of [...]...
13. Bilateral Agreement In general, any treaty, protocol, or understanding between two nations. The term has particular application in the area of commercial air transportation, where a bilateral agreement is an understanding between two countries permitting the commercial aircraft of one nation to land in and carry [...]...
14. Green Paper Green Paper and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Green Paper provided by the European Union Commission: Commission Green Papers are documents intended to stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation at European level on a particular topic (such as social policy, the [...]...
15. Mutual Recognition Mutual recognition and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Mutual recognition provided by the European Union Commission: A principle of international law whereby States party to an agreement decide that they will recognise and uphold legal decisions taken by competent authorities [...]...
16. Treaties Office Treaties Office and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Treaties Office provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaties Office of DG External Relations of the European Commission, has two main roles: to advice on practice and procedural matters relating to the different [...]...
17. Treaty of Amsterdam Treaty of Amsterdam and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Treaty of Amsterdam provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaty of Amsterdam is the result of the Intergovernmental Conference launched at the Turin European Council on 29 March 1996. It was adopted at the [...]...
18. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
19. Joint Action Joint action (CFSP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Joint action (CFSP) provided by the European Union Commission: Joint action, which is a legal instrument under Title V of the Treaty on European Union (common foreign and security policy, CFSP), means coordinated action [...]...
20. Vat Vat Vat in International Trade Meaning of Vat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Value Added Tax is a tax assessed on the increased value of goods as they pass from raw material stage through the production and distribution processes to final [...]...
21. COREPER Coreper Coreper and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Coreper provided by the European Union Commission: Coreper, the French acronym by which the Permanent Representatives Committee is known, consists of the Member States' Ambassadors to the European Union ("Permanent [...]...
22. Commercial Value Commercial Value in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Value, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The actual price at which a product is sold either to unrelated parties or to related parties at arm's length. This is the opposite of no commercial [...]...
23. Signature Ad Referendum Signature ad referendum and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Signature ad referendum provided by the European Union Commission: A representative may sign a treaty "ad referendum", i.e., under the condition that the signature is confirmed by his state. In this case, [...]...
24. Treaty Summary Summary and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Summary provided by the European Union Commission: A treaty summary contains: • General Data : title; type (bilateral or multilateral); place and date of signature; objective; remarks; subject matter; key words; depositary; [...]...
25. Citizenship of the Union Citizenship of the Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Citizenship of the Union provided by the European Union Commission: Citizenship of the Union is dependent on holding the nationality of one of the Member States. In other words, anyone who is a national of aMember [...]...
26. Justice Cooperation Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Title IV EC treaty - Title VI EU treaty provided by the European Union Commission: The legal bases for EU legislation on justice and home affairs. Title IV of the European Community Treaty covers free [...]...
27. CFSP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cfsp explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Common Foreign and Security Policy (cfsp) and Europe There is an entry on common foreign and security policy (cfsp) in the European legal encyclopedia. [...]...
28. Eurostat Eurostat in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eurostat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Eurostat is the Statistical Office of the European Union. Its task is to provide the [...]...
29. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
30. European Commission Spanish Translation of European Commission This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Commission and the Treaties of the [...]...
31. Eur-lex Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur-lex, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Portal that offers most European Union legal texts. EUR-Lex goal is bringing together the whole body of EU texts for [...]...
32. European Council European Council and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Council provided by the European Union Commission: The European Council is the term used to describe the regular meetings of the Heads of State or Government of the European Union Member States. Its purpose is to [...]...
33. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
34. Readmission Readmission and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Readmission provided by the European Union Commission: The process in which a third-country national is reintegrated into his or her country of origin. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United Nations [...]...
35. Commercial Treaty Commercial Treaty in International Trade Meaning of Commercial Treaty, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An agreement between two or more countries setting forth conditions under which business between or among the countries may be transacted. It may [...]...
36. Abbreviations Abbreviations and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Abbreviations provided by the European Union Commission: used in the Ratification Status field of the treaty summary AC = Acceptance AD = Accession AP = Approval CONF = Act of formal confirmation NOT = Notification S = Simple [...]...
37. Memorandum of Understanding Memorandum of Understanding and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Memorandum of Understanding provided by the European Union Commission: A memorandum of understanding is an international instrument of a less formal kind. It often sets out operational arrangements under a [...]...
38. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
39. Agreement on Textiles and Clothing Agreement on Textiles and Clothing – ATC and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Agreement on Textiles and Clothing – ATC provided by the European Union Commission: The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) is a WTO agreement, which foresees that trade in textiles [...]...
40. Entry Into Force Entry into Force and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Entry into Force provided by the European Union Commission: Typically, the provisions of the treaty determine the date on which the treaty enters into force. Where the treaty does not specify a date, there is a presumption [...]...
41. Fisheries Policy Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and Europe There is an entry on common fisheries policy (cfp) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
42. No Commercial Value No Commercial Value (NCV) in International Trade Meaning of No Commercial Value (NCV), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Acronym used in proforma invoices and commercial invoices to express that the merchandise shipped, usually samples. do not have [...]...
43. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
44. International Development Agenda 21 and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Agenda 21 provided by the European Union Commission: Agenda 21 stands for "Agenda for the 21st Century". It is a declaration from the Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro [...]...
45. Mutual Assistance Mutual assistance and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Mutual assistance provided by the European Union Commission: A principle of international law implying that two or more States agree to cooperate in a certain area. The assistance specified is often written into a treaty. [...]...
46. Political and Security Committee Political and Security Committee (PSC) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Political and Security Committee (PSC) provided by the European Union Commission: Replacing the Political Committee, the Political and Security Committee (PSC) follows international developments in the [...]...
47. WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
48. Modus Vivendi Modus Vivendi and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Modus Vivendi provided by the European Union Commission: A modus vivendi is an instrument recording an international agreement of temporary or provisional nature intended to be replaced by an arrangement of a more permanent [...]...
49. Treaty Objection Objection and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Objection provided by the European Union Commission: Any signatory or contracting state has the option of objecting to a reservation, inter alia, if, in its opinion, the reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of [...]...
50. Commercial Treaties History History of Commercial TreatiesCommercial treaties have a history going back to ancient times. With the resurgence of trade in the early medieval period, the commercial treaty began its modern evolution. This early commercial treaty was usually bilateral, and its prime objective was to estab......
51. Delimitation of Competences Delimitation of competences and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Delimitation of competences provided by the European Union Commission: The delimitation of competences between the European Union and its Member States is one of the main points for consideration identified by [...]...
52. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
53. Intergovernment Community and intergovernmental methods and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community and intergovernmental methods provided by the European Union Commission: The Community method is the expression used for the institutional operating mode set up in the first pillar of the [...]...
54. Third Country Third country and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Third country provided by the European Union Commission: Any country that is not a Member State of the EU. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United Nations (UN) Types of Treaties International [...]...
55. Sad Sad in International Trade Meaning of Sad, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Single Administration Document is a customs declaration document used by all countries within the European Union (EU). It is required for all exports of goods outside the [...]...
56. Animal Welfare Animal welfare and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Animal welfare provided by the European Union Commission: The question of animal welfare was first addressed in an additional protocol attached to the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997). This "Protocol on protection and welfare [...]...
57. Treaty Revision Revision and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Revision provided by the European Union Commission: Revision has basically the same meaning as amendment. However, some treaties provide for a revision additional to an amendment (i.e., Article 109 of the Charter of the United [...]...
58. Act of Formal Confirmation Act of Formal Confirmation and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Act of Formal Confirmation provided by the European Union Commission: "Act of formal confirmation" is used as an equivalent for the term "ratification" when an international organization [...]...
59. White Paper White Paper and the Treaties of the European Union Description of White Paper provided by the European Union Commission: Commission White Papers are documents containing proposals for Community action in a specific area. In some cases they follow a Green Paper published to launch a [...]...
60. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
61. Defense Community European Defence Community (EDC) and Europe There is an entry on european defence community (edc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Defence Community (EDC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
62. European Parliament Spanish Translation of European Parliament This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Parliament and / or a definition of this topic: Parlamento Europeo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). European Parliament and the Treaties of the [...]...
63. Acceptance Or Approval Acceptance or Approval and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Acceptance or Approval provided by the European Union Commission: The instruments of "acceptance" or "approval" of a treaty have the same legal effect as ratification and consequently express the [...]...
64. Development Aid Development aid and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Development aid provided by the European Union Commission: The beginnings of the European Community's development policy coincided with the signature of the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and the Member States' overseas countries [...]...
65. Treaty Party Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Party provided by the European Union Commission: (to an international treaty) A party to a treaty is a State, International Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by that [...]...
66. Movement Certificate Eur 1 Movement Certificate in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur 1 Movement Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods transport certificate and proof of [...]...
67. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
68. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
69. Culture Culture and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Culture provided by the European Union Commission: Whilst the will to conduct cultural activities at European level was apparent as early as the 1970s, it was not until 1991 that culture was officially given a place in European [...]...
70. Definitive Signature Definitive Signature and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Definitive Signature provided by the European Union Commission: When the treaty is not subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, "definitive signature" establishes the consent of the state to be bound [...]...
71. European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
72. All States Formula All States formula and the Treaties of the European Union Description of All States formula provided by the European Union Commission: The "all States formula" has been used often in multilateral agreements that seek universal participation (normally relating to disarmament, human [...]...
73. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement EMAA and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EMAA provided by the European Union Commission: The Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement is a net of individual agreements between the EU and each of the Mediterranean Partners in relation to the Barcelona Declaration. They outline [...]...
74. Charter of Fundamental Rights Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Charter of Fundamental Rights provided by the European Union Commission: Following the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in December 1998, the Cologne European Council (3 and 4 June [...]...
75. Exchange of Notes Exchange of Letters/Notes and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Exchange of Letters/Notes provided by the European Union Commission: States may express their consent to be bound by an "exchange of letters/notes". The basic characteristic of this procedure is that the [...]...
76. Treaty Signature Signature and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Signature provided by the European Union Commission: Signature not subject to ratification ( see Definitive signature) • Simple signature ( see Signature subject to Ratification, Acceptance of Approval) • Signature ad [...]...
77. Combined Transport Document A bill of lading issued by a combined transport operator (read this and related legal terms for further details) covering shipment of goods by more than one mode of transport. The document specifies the point at which th......
78. Combined Transport Combined Transport in International Trade Meaning of Combined Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Consignment sent by means of various modes of transport, such as by rail and by ocean....
79. Combined Transport Operator A common carrier providing multimodal transport services. These services may involve movement of the goods by several modes (e.g., rail, water, motor), with one portion of the shipment actually performed by the carrier issuing the bill of lading and other portions subcontracted out.......
80. Combined Transport Bill Of Lading A bill of lading covering movement of goods through more than one carrier, and perhaps through several modes of transport (water, air, rail, motor). The issuer of a combined transport bill of lading assumes responsibility for the goods throughout the journey until final destination, but his legal li......
81. Brussels Tariff Nomenclature Brussels Tariff Nomenclature (BTN) in International Trade Meaning of Brussels Tariff Nomenclature (btn), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A once widely used international tariff classification system that preceded the Customs Cooperation Council [...]...
82. Tariff Nomenclature Brussels Tariff Nomenclature (BTN) and International Trade Resources See Also Harmonized System...
83. Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature In the United States For information about Harmonized System of Tariff Nomenclature in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Nomenclature Nomenclature and International Trade Resources See Also customs classification...
85. Commodity Summary of Commodity A nondifferentiated product produced with commonly available technology.(Main Author: William J. Miller) The Legal History of Commodity in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Commodity in Islamic Law Commodity in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
86. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
87. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
88. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
89. Common Foreign and Security Policy Common Foreign And Security Policy Common Foreign and Security Policy of European Union at the United Nations Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Common Foreign and Security Policy , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG [...]...
90. Consensus The Legal History of Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists) This section provides an overview of Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists) Consensus in Election Law Method of decision making in which all stakeholders participate and attempt to align their positions. Consensus is not unanimity on a decision but rather [...]...
91. Consumer Protection The Legal History of Consumer Protection This section provides an overview of Consumer Protection Privacy, Security and Internet Advertising in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Introduction to Consumer [...]...
92. Measures Commercial policy measures and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Commercial policy measures provided by the European Union Commission: Non-tariff measures established in the framework of the common commercial policy, such as - import or export surveillance or safeguard [...]...
93. Committee of the Regions Committee of the Regions and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Committee of the Regions provided by the European Union Commission: Created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, the Committee of the Regions (CoR) is an advisory body which enables regional and local authorities to [...]...
94. Common Agricultural Policy Common agricultural policy (CAP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common agricultural policy (CAP) provided by the European Union Commission: The common agricultural policy is a matter reserved exclusively for the Community. Under Article 33 of the Treaty establishing the [...]...
95. Common Commercial Policy Common commercial policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common commercial policy provided by the European Union Commission: The Community has exclusive responsibility for the common commercial policy (Article 133 of the EC Treaty, formerly Article 113). Under the policy [...]...
96. Common Customs Tariff Common Customs Tariff and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common Customs Tariff provided by the European Union Commission: The common foreign and security policy (CFSP) was established and is governed by Title V of the Treaty on European Union (EU). It replaced European [...]...
97. Common Position Common position (CFSP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common position (CFSP) provided by the European Union Commission: The common position in the context of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) is designed to make cooperation more systematic and improve its [...]...
98. Common Strategy Common strategy (CFSP) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common strategy (CFSP) provided by the European Union Commission: The common strategy is an instrument of the common foreign and security policy introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam. Under Article 13 of the EU [...]...
99. Common Transit Common transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure for the carriage of goods between the Community and the EFTA countries and between the EFTA countries themselves. Resources See Also Popular [...]...
100. Common Transport Policy Common transport policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transport policy provided by the European Union Commission: The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders between Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons [...]...
101. Community Acquis Community acquis and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community acquis provided by the European Union Commission: The Community acquis is the body of common rights and obligations which bind all the Member States together within the European Union. It is constantly evolving [...]...
102. Community Competences Community competences and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community competences provided by the European Union Commission: Community competences are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act [...]...
103. Community Powers Community powers and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community powers provided by the European Union Commission: Community powers are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act only within the [...]...
104. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
105. Composition of the European Commission Composition of the European Commission and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Composition of the European Commission provided by the European Union Commission: From the outset the Commission was always made up of two nationals of each of the most populated Member States and one [...]...
106. Consolidation of Legislation Consolidation of legislation - formal/official and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Consolidation of legislation - formal/official provided by the European Union Commission: Formal or official consolidation of legislation involves adopting a new legal instrument, published in [...]...
107. Contracting Party Contracting Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Contracting Party provided by the European Union Commission: A contracting party is a State or an Intergovernmental Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by a [...]...
108. Correction of Errors Correction of Errors and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Correction of Errors provided by the European Union Commission: If, after the authentication of a text, the signatory and contracting states are agreed that it contains an error, it can be corrected by initialling the [...]...
109. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
110. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
111. Court of Justice of the European Communities Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of Justice of the European Communities provided by the European Union Commission: The Court of Justice is composed of the same number of judges as there are Member States. At present it has [...]...
112. Common Law Introduction to Common Law "Common Law, term used to refer to the main body of English unwritten law that evolved from the 12th century onward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts of the realm, reflected the "common"customs of [...]...
113. Finland Legal Materials For information on Finnish legal materials, see Finnish Law on the Internet. Constitutional Text: Finland 1919, Amendments 1930,1934,1937,1944, 1947 and 1948 1930 AMENDMENT TO FINLAND'S CONSTITUTION OF 1919, NOVEMBER 18, 1930 Number 337 Act on Amending 7 § of [...]...
114. Courts Introduction Courts, branch of government established to administer the civil and criminal law. The term court is also applied to the international tribunals intended to provide for the resolution at law of controversies among governments, namely, the Permanent Court of International [...]...
115. Commercial Risk The risk borne by an exporter that his foreign customer may be unable to pay for merchandise imported under open account terms. Commercial risk is contrasted with political risks, which arise from governmental actions and are unrelated to the financial condition or credit-wor- thiness of the [...]...
116. Common Carrier Read Carrier as cross-reference......
117. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
118. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
119. Compensation Deal A semibarter arrangement in which goods are purchased partially in cash and partially with other goods.......
120. Compound Duty Cross-reference: Duty......