Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
2. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
3. EAC The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for Establishment of the East African [...]...
4. High Tribunals Iraqi High Tribunal Embracing mainstream international law, this section on iraqi high tribunal explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "iraqi high tribunal" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
5. Regionalization Regionalization Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Regionalization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Regionalization , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005)...
6. African Union Definition of African Union Within the context of international organizations, the following is a brief meaning of african union: African Union (AU) is the successor of Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and came into existence in 2002 at Durban summit in South Africa. Its headquarters are [...]...
7. Organization of African Trade Union Unity Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
8. EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
9. Benelux Economic Union Benelux Economic Union Outline The Benelux Economic Union was based on the Treaty of Economic Union signed by Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in The Hague in 1958. The treaty came into force in 1960, but the economic cooperation among the three countries goes back a long way to 1932, [...]...
10. WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
11. European Court of Justice Introduction to European Court of Justice European Court of Justice, court of law of the European Union (EU), established in 1957. The court is charged with ruling on all questions brought before it concerning the founding treaties of the EU and legislation made under those treaties. Since [...]...
12. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
13. Regional Organizations Regional organizations are, under some perspectives, international organizations, as they are members of the international community and encompass geopolitical entities that, in their operations or activities, transcend a single state or country. However, its membership is characterized by [...]...
14. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
15. EEC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eec explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EEC and Europe There is an entry on eec in the European legal encyclopedia. EEC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization [...]...
16. EC Commission EC Commission in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of EC Commission: The "executive branch" of the European Community, which is responsible for carrying out policies approved by the EC [...]...
17. International Courts ContentsInternational Courts and TribunalsRegional CourtsHuman Rights Courts and TribunalsOther International Courts and TribunalsUnited Nations International Courts and Tribunals Regional Courts ... Read more...
18. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
19. Central American Bank for Economic Integration Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
20. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
21. Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): An organization of II countries -- including all former Soviet republics [...]...
22. EC Court of Justice Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
23. European Regional Development Fund European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
24. ESA ESA and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Space Agency...
25. ACP Countries Acp Countries Summary of Acp Countries An acronym for African- Caribbean-Pacific countries. The term originated in conjunction with the LOME CONVENTIONS (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) [...]...
26. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
27. Trade Union Federation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
28. Andean Pact Andean Pact (Andean Subregional Integration Agreement) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Andean Pact (Andean Subregional Integration Agreement): A regional cooperation organization including [...]...
29. EURATOM Embracing mainstream international law, this section on euratom explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community) and Europe There is an entry on euratom (european atomic energy community) in the European legal [...]...
30. Permanent Secretariat of the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
31. International Integration Trends in International Political Economy: International IntegrationIntroduction to International IntegrationThe growth of international integration has been equally dramatic, with the most important developments occurring in Europe. The European Union (EU), formed in the 1950s, st......
32. European Social Fund European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Structural funds...
33. CIS Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
34. ECSC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ecsc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. ECSC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
35. Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty and Treaty on European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Treaty of Maastricht...
36. International Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
37. International Trade Union Organizations Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
38. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
39. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
40. AU The African Union, abbreviated as AU, is a union consisting of 53 African Member States (all African countries except for Morocco), established on 9 July 2002 by the Durban Summit as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) The most important organs of the AU are the Assembly of [...]...
41. Mercosur The Mercosur treaty creates something of a free trade zone among countries in the southern part of South America. The related Mercosur organization posts materials in Spanish. For information about Mercosur materials, see A Guide to MERCOSUR Legal Research: Sources and Documents. [...]...
42. Lebanon Countries currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Lebanon Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
43. Monetary Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
44. UNI Global Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
45. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
46. Petroleum Exporting Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
47. Single European Market Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
48. Single European Act Single European Act and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also SEA...
49. APEC Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
50. ASEAN Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
51. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
52. EIB Embracing mainstream international law, this section on eib explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. EIB and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
53. Caribbean Community and Common Market Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), organization established in 1973 to promote regional unity and to coordinate economic and foreign policy among Caribbean nations. Member countries include Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, G......
54. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
55. Alliance For Progress Alliance For Progress Summary of Alliance For Progress An economic development program for Latin America sponsored by the Organization of American States (OAS) at the 1961 Punta del Este Conference. The program called for ten years of concerted efforts directed towards economic growth, [...]...
56. Andean Group Originally a subgroup within the now defunct Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA), the Andean Group was established by the Cartagena Agreement of 1969. The purpose of the group (also known as the Andean Common Market and the Andean Subgroup) is to foster economic integration of the member states. ......
57. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
58. Central Treaty Organization Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
59. International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
60. Europe Central and East European Countries (CEECs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Central and East European Countries (CEECs): Includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, [...]...
61. Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
62. Caribbean Basin Initiative An economic development plan for the Caribbean area advanced by the Reagan administration. The principal features of the program include: establishment of a one-way free trade area in which most Caribbean- area products enter the United States free of duty; a reduction of the Caribbean content requi......
63. Organization Of Eastern Caribbean States Organization Of Eastern Caribbean States Organization of Eastern Caribbean States Outline The organization was established in 1981 for the purpose of improving political and economic cooperation between its members and attracting investment to the region. It consists of Antigua, Dominica, [...]...
64. Community Law Community Law, law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law. (1) Community Law and Europe There [...]...
65. Caribbean Law The Legal History of Caribbean LawThis section provides an overview of Caribbean Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Caribbean Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
66. Carribbean Community And Common Market Commonly known as Caricom, the successor organization to the defunct Caribbean Free Trade Association (Carifta). The object of CARICOM was to stimulate regional development through the adoption of a common external tariff and uniform protectionist measures, harmonization of fiscal affairs, and conce......
67. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
68. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
69. Caribbean Basin Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI): A non-reciprocal preferential arrangement established by the United [...]...
70. Caribbean Development Bank Embracing mainstream international law, this section on caribbean development bank explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
71. Caribbean Sea Case Nicaragua–honduras Territorial and Maritime Dispute in the Caribbean Sea Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nicaragua–honduras territorial and maritime dispute in the caribbean sea case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. [...]...
72. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...
73. Caribbean-Canadian Common Market Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean-Canadian Common Market (CARIBCAN): A non-reciprocal preferential [...]...
74. African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
75. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
76. Andean Community Andean Community, organization of South American countries located along the Andes Mountains, whose aim is to facilitate development of member nations through economic and social cooperation. The Andean Community (also known as the Andean Group) was established in 1969 by authority of an [...]...
77. West African Economic Community West African Economic Community Outline Also called "Communauté Economique de l'Afrique Occidentale". The CEAO was established in 1973. It consists of a number of West African countries, such as the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta. A Communi......
78. East African Community East African Community (EAC) The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for [...]...
79. African, Caribbean and Pacific African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) The African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states, abbreviated as ACP, is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. Except for Cuba, all ACP countries are signatories to a partnership agreement with the European Union (EU) known as the [...]...
80. Commission of the European Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
81. Southern Africa Development Community Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
82. Caribbean Court of Justice ContentsCaribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)Basic DocumentsDescriptionRegional Judicial and Legal Services Commission Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) Basic Documents • Agreement ... Read more...
83. African, Caribbean And Pacific States African, Caribbean and Pacific States Outline(The ACP) is not an international economic organization in the sense of a regional economic union, such as the EU and ASEAN. But it is a political voice in the international economic relationships of the countries. For example, the ACP as a poli......
84. Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court ContentsEastern Caribbean Supreme CourtStructure of the CourtCompositionCourt of Appeal RegistryJudicial Education Institute Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Structure of the Court ... Read more...
85. Court of Appeal of Eastern Caribbean States The Court of Appeal of Eastern Caribbean States Name The Court of Appeal of Eastern Caribbean States is the standarized name of one of the International Courts and Tribunals (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of [...]...
86. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
87. Community Literature Review on Corrections Administration: Community In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Danielle S. Rudes and Kimberly Meyer provide the following summary about the topic of Corrections Administration: Community: Traditionally, community corrections [...]...
88. Community Property Community PropertyCommunity Property, in law, possessions held jointly by a married couple. Except for inheritances or gifts to either spouse, all property acquired by the husband or wife during the marriage is usually considered community property. This includes money, real estate, househo......
89. Community Service Community Service, in the penal systems of the United States and the United Kingdom, unpaid work for the community performed by a convicted person by court order as an alternative to prison. Examples of community service include helping children, the elderly, or the disabled. The term may also [...]...
90. Community Acquis Community acquis and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community acquis provided by the European Union Commission: The Community acquis is the body of common rights and obligations which bind all the Member States together within the European Union. It is constantly evolving [...]...
91. Community Competences Community competences and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community competences provided by the European Union Commission: Community competences are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act [...]...
92. Community Powers Community powers and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community powers provided by the European Union Commission: Community powers are those which are conferred on the European Union in specific areas by the Member States. The European Union is thus able to act only within the [...]...
93. Community Transit Community transit and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Community transit provided by the European Union Commission: Customs procedure that allows goods to be moved from one point in the Community to another. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United [...]...
94. Community Rating Community Rating in Aging Law Concept of Community Rating in the context of Community Health Care and Services for Older Persons, published by the World Health Organization (WHO):A method for the determination of health insurance premiums that spreads the risk among members of a large [...]...
95. Community Policing As police services attempt to maintain public confidence, Community Policing has undergone several iterations, with the result that it is no longer possible to clearly define. However 5 features of community policing have been reasonably consistent, Neighbourhood based, Reassurance, [...]...
96. Community Self-governance Community Self-governance in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Community Self-governance is available: Informal social control within neighborhoods where the community exercises control over its members' behaviors in a manner acceptable to most members....
97. Community Organizations Literature Review on Economic Development: Community Organizations In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Herbert J. Rubin offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development in Community Organizations : To bring about equity in economic [...]...
98. Community Resilience Literature Review on (Emergency Management) Community Resilience In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Christine Gibbs Springer offers the following summary about the topic of (Emergency Management) Community Resilience: A resilient community is one that is [...]...
99. Community Outreach Community Outreach, the Law and other Social Sciences As social institutions, libraries respond to the needs, pressures, and impacts of society. Community outreach is the development and promotion of services offered by information settings. Such services extend beyond physical collections and [...]...
100. Community Engagement Instructional Real World Community Engagement, the Law and other Social Sciences The impact of the instructional real world community engagement upon the learner's cognitive understanding and subject matter attainment is recognized as a viable and integrally important element within the [...]...
101. Community Method Community Method and Europe There is an entry on community method in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Community Method" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
102. Community Reinvestment Community Reinvestment legislation in relation with national Community Lending and Investment Policies This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Community Reinvestment legislation covered in connexion with national Community Lending and Investment Policies and banking / lending [...]...
103. Community Account Description of Community Account In this reference work, community account is a sort of the Banking category. Resources See Also Community Property Banking...
104. Community of Interest Resources See Also Joint venture...
105. Community Charter Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
106. Community Enterprise Resources See Also Community Collective Right Society Public Law...
107. Community Participation Resources See Also Community Collective Right Society Public Law...
108. Community Resources Resources See Also Community Collective Right Society Public Law...
109. Community Forestry Resources See Also Forestry Natural Resources Forest Law...
110. Community Development Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
111. Community Care Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Aged Elder care...
112. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
113. Economic Community of West Africa ContentsEconomic Community of West AfricaEconomic Community of West Africa and the Peaceful Settlement of DisputesGuide to the Peaceful Settlement of ... Read more...
114. Customs Territory of the Community Customs territory of the Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Customs territory of the Community provided by the European Union Commission: The customs territory of the Community comprises of • Austria, • Belgium, • Denmark, except [...]...
115. Caribbean Drug Trafficking Caribbean Drug Trafficking The Caribbean, considered a natural bridge between North and South America, serves as a transshipment region for ... Read more...
116. Court of Justice of the Andean Community ContentsCourt of Justice of the Andean CommunityIntroductionAndean Community (Comunidad Andina) Court of Justice of the Andean Community Introduction The Court ... Read more...
117. EU-Andean Community Political Dialogue and Co-operation Agreement EU-Andean Community Political Dialogue and Co-operation Agreement ContentsTitle of TreatyAbaut the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community ... Read more...
118. Economic Community Of The West African States Economic Community of the West African States OutlineThe community was meant to be a customs union and was based on a treaty signed in 1975. Its membership consists of the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Togo......
119. Organization of East Caribbean States Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS): A customs union including Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, [...]...
120. Report To The Council And Commission On Economic And Monetary Union In The Community A report from 1970. See Werner Report Community.......