Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Investment Arbitration Fora Investment Arbitration Fora in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment arbitration fora includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ICC International Court of Arbitration Arbitration [...]...
2. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL ... Read more...
3. Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules   See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
4. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
5. Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL (1976) arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
6. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
7. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
8. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
9. Export of Capital Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
10. Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters See: Investment treaty law and arbitration books Investment treaty law and arbitration ... Read more...
11. Foreign Investment Review Act An act of the Canadian Parliament directed toward protection of Canada's economy from domination by foreign direct and portfolio investment. The act is concerned with the establishment or takeover of Canadian businesses only; the acquisition of shares in Canadian firms, where such acquisition do......
12. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
13. Arbitral Institutions Contents Arbitral Institutions American Arbitration Association (AAA) Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) Australian Centre for International ... Read more...
14. List of international trade topics Contents List of international trade topics . Absolute advantage Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Asia-Pacific Economic ... Read more...
15. List of international arbitration topics Contents List of international arbitration topics Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules ... Read more...
16. Wto Agreement on Trade-related Investment Measures The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
17. Open-end Investment Company Resources See Also Mutual fund...
18. London Court of International Arbitration London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in International Trade Meaning of London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The LCIA is one of the world's leading international institutions for commercial [...]...
19. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
20. Trade Institutions General, Trade and Investment Related Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, general, trade and investment related institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Trade Organization (WTO) United [...]...
21. Trade Balance J-Curve and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of J-Curve: The expected adjustment path in a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation or devaluation. Because a change in the [...]...
22. Economic Law Principles Principles in International Economic Law In international economic law, principles includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li>Adjudication and Enforcement Economic Sanctions Minimum Standards in Investment Law Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and [...]...
23. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
24. Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration: As mentioned in Mr. Arbogast's statement above, UNCITRAL finished negotiations on a set [...]...
25. Trans-atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Issues Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Trans-atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: On March 20, 2013, the Obama administration notified the U.S. Congress of its intent to enter into negotiations on a [...]...
26. Capital Summary of Capital Goods employed in the pursuit of commercial profit. Capital is one of the traditional factors of production, along with land and labor; some neofactor theorists also include entrepreneurship as a fourth factor, although traditional thought would regard entrepreneurial [...]...
27. Capital Needs Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
28. Capital Tax Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
29. Capital Punishment Introduction Capital Punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, [...]...
30. Capital Punishment Development Contents Capital Punishment Development For most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes ... Read more...
31. Capital Account Entries in a nation's balance of payment accounts reflecting long- or shortterm loans made to other countries, or by other countries to the recording nation. See Balance of Payments.......
32. Capital Flight The movement of significant capital resources from a country in response to unstable economic or political conditions.......
33. Capital Formation Summary of Capital Formation The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of private sector investment in productive assets (e.g., physical plant and machinery) phis the sum of changes in private sector merchandise inventories, adjusted for the consumption of existing capital assets [...]...
34. Capital Lease A leasehold extending substantially over the life of a capital asset.......
35. Capital Gain Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gain) ...
36. Capital Gains Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gains Tax) ...
37. Capital Markets Literature Review on Capital Markets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Kriz and Peter J. Kiedrowski provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Markets: This entry sketches the dimensions of the municipal capital markets. It [...]...
38. Capital Felony Concept of Capital Felony Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Judiciary...
39. Capital Budgeting Literature Review on Capital Budgeting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Capital Budgeting: This entry describes the state and local government capital budgeting process. It emphasizes [...]...
40. Capital Improvement Programs Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Comparative and International Approaches In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Arwiphawee Srithongrung offers the following summary about the topic of Comparative and International Approaches in Capital [...]...
41. Capital Purchases Literature Review on Capital Purchases In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Wendell C. Lawther and John Adler provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Purchases: Purchasing capital equipment presents several challenges to the public [...]...
42. Capital Penalty S v Makwanyane and Another Case (South Africa) In relation to the s v makwanyane and another case (South Africa) and constitutional law, Georgia Alida du Plessis[1] made the following observation: The death penalty is a public policy issue that generates extensive scholarly research and [...]...
43. Capital Market Liability Capital Market Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to capital market liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
44. Capital Asset Description of Capital Asset Resources See Also Internal Revenue...
45. Capital Worker Ratio Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
46. Capital Resources Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
47. Capital Cost Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
48. Capital Flow Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
49. Capital Market Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
50. Capital Goods Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
51. Capital Punishment Current Status Capital Punishment World Trends Current StatusBy the early 21st century, for the first time in history, most of the world's nations had abolished the death penalty in law or in practice-that is, executions were not carried out or a moratorium was imposed on the death penalty so that cap......
52. Capital Punishment World After 1945 Capital Punishment World Trends After World War IIThe defeat of the Axis powers provided a foundation for the elimination of the death penalty in Western Europe. Some of the nations involved in the war saw abolition of capital punishment as a way to disassociate themselves from the atrociti......
53. Capital Punishment World Trends Capital Punishment World TrendsFor most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes and often for a great variety of less serious offenses. The term felony, which today signifies all serious crime, was the traditional classificatio......
54. Capital Consumption Allowance The entry, in national income accounting, that represents the aggregate consumption of capital equipment and facilities, i.e., depreciation incurred by the nation's business sector, as well as the aggregate of business casualty losses to plant and equipment during the reporting period.......
55. Working Capital Summary of Working Capital A measurement of a firm's liquidity, determined by the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The ratio so derived is the working capital ratio.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Working Capital In the Encyclopedia of [...]...
56. Cost of Capital Cost of Capital and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Cost of Capital: For any given level of corporate risk, the cost of capital faced by f1rn1s in a given country --a key element of their [...]...
57. Contribution to Capital Resources See Also Capital...
58. Industrial Capital Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
59. Coverage in Investment Protection This section provides an overview of coverage in investment protection within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Andrew Mitchell and Jacky Mandelbaum, [...]...
60. Industrial Investment Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
61. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
62. Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes betweenStates and Nationals of Other States Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Convention on Settlement of Investment [...]...
63. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes betweenStates and Nationals of Other States Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states explores the context, history and effect of [...]...
64. Law as Public Capital Contents Law as Public Capital Man makes laws; in this respect he differs from other animals. He chooses deliberately to ... Read more...
65. Venture Capital Venture Capital Definition Venture Capital may be defined as money or capital provided for new business ventures by investors other than the original proprietor. The term is sometimes also used for capital provided to rescue or turn around a company. Venture capitalists—that is, [...]...
66. Flight Of Capital A significant movement of capital, usually in liquid form, from one jurisdiction to another. This capital movement usually occurs in response to troubled economic or political conditions that might result in confiscation, excessive taxation, or loss in value. However, this term may be applied as wel......
67. Human Capital Summary of Human Capital An enrichment of the productive capacity of labor by means of specialized training and education.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Human Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Capital means: is formed from investments in human [...]...
68. Net Transfer Of Capital Funds available for investment after deducting principal and interest payments.......
69. Short-Term Capital Short-Term Capital Transactions and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Short-Term Capital Transactions: An element of a country's balance of payments that reflects loans granted to or received [...]...
70. Abolition of Capital Punishment Contents Abolition of Capital Punishment History With the mitigation of the law as to punishment, agitation against the theory of ... Read more...
71. Nml Capital V. Spaceport Systems Nml Capital v Spaceport Systems in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See Section A.2.a.(1), supra, for discussion of this case considering whether Argentina's contribution to a satellite for [...]...
72. Social Capital Social Capital in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Social Capital is available: A reservoir of good will between police officers and the community that police officers can draw on when issues arise that concern the community. Resources See Also Further Reading Information [...]...
73. Intellectual Capital Measurement Intellectual Capital Measurement, the Law and other Social Sciences The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge concerning Intellectual capital (IC) and its measurement methods. Although IC may be estimated on the micro, macro and industry level, this subject deals with [...]...
74. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
75. Authorized Capital Resources See Also Authorized stock issue...
76. Foreign Capital Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
77. Legal Structure as Public Capital Legal Structure as Public Capital “The question directly suggests a critically important feature of law and law-abiding that has been ... Read more...
78. Long-Term Capital Transactions A component in a nation's balance of payment accounting, long-term capital transactions represent loans with a maturity of more than one year granted to or obtained from foreigners, including direct and portfolio investments......
79. Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Title: Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Preface to the ... Read more...
80. United Nations Capital Development Fund Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
81. Investment Law Investment Companies Law......
82. Investment Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
83. Bilateral Investment Treaties Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties Bilateral Investment Treaties resources • unctad bilateral investment Treaties online (searchable database) Free trade/sectoral agreements with ... Read more...
84. Investment Arbitration Contents Investment Arbitration Symposia “Symposium on international investment law and the European Union” in Karl P. Sauvant, Yearbook on International ... Read more...
85. List of Investment Law e-Journals Contents List of Investment Law e-Journals 401(k) advisor 1080-2142 Accounting and business research 0001-4788 Accounting forum 0155-9982 The American Bankruptcy ... Read more...
86. Defensive Investment An investment undertaken to protect larger commercial interests rather than for the return that the investment itself generates.......
87. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
88. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
89. Inventory Investment The aggregate national increases or decreases, expressed in monetary terms, of inventories held by the private sector. Also known as inventory change, an increase or decrease in private sector inventories not offset by current consumption is viewed as an investment in the economy.......
90. Investment Bill A bill of exchange purchased at a discount and held to maturity.......
91. Portfolio Investment A minority interest in a foreign venture from which income is derived in the form of dividends; normally such an interest does not convey any significant control over the management or operations of the foreign firm.......
92. Vertical Foreign Investment Investments made by a firm, usually an oligopolistic firm in an industrially advanced nation, in a foreign source of raw or semiprocessed materials that can be used in the manufacture of the investing firm's product. ......
93. Investment Fund Spanish Translation of investment fundThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment fund and / or a definition of this topic: Fondo de Inversión (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
94. Investment Trusts Spanish Translation of investment trustsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to investment trusts and / or a definition of this topic: Instituciones de Inversión Colectiva (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
95. Investment Treaty Arbitration Contents Investment Treaty Arbitration History By Susan D. Franck Since at least 1794, arbitration has been used as a mechanism ... Read more...
96. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
97. Bilateral Investment Treaty Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): An agreement between two countries providing for nondiscriminatory [...]...
98. Investment Requirements International investment is a cornerstone of the world economy: it creates jobs, economic growth and prosperity at home, and supports development and stability worldwide. United States Office of Investment Affairs (OIA) The Office of Investment Affairs works to improve the climate for [...]...
99. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment in International Trade Meaning of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. According to balance of [...]...
100. Foreign Investment THE ROLE IN THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF: The World Bank Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID); The Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency; and Bilateral Investment Protection Agreements (IPPAs). (London, 1994) The [...]...
101. Investment Measures The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
102. Investment Dispute Settlement Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Involving the United States in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Investment Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Involving the [...]...
103. Investment Dispute Resolution Investment Dispute Resolution Under Free Trade Agreements In relation to the international law practice and investment dispute resolution under free trade agreements in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and [...]...
104. International Investment Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international investment law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "investment law, international" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
105. Investment Rules Relationship of Competition Law to Trade and Investment Rules This section provides an overview of relationship of competition law to trade and investment rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
106. Investment Regulation Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in International Economic Law In international economic law, impact of domestic regulation on trade in goods, services and on investment includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal [...]...
107. Investment Protection Investment Protection in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment protection includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Coverage in Investment Protection Right to Use and Direct Expropriation Indirect Expropriation...
108. Investment Barriers-to-Entry This section provides an overview of investment barriers-to-entry within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Wolfgang Alschner, "Investment [...]...
109. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
110. Standards in Investment Law Minimum Standards in Investment Law in International Economic Law In international economic law, minimum standards in investment law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Non-Arbitrariness Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Full Protection [...]...
111. National Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of national treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Andrea K Bjorklund, "National Treatment in Investment Law," [...]...
112. Investment Arbitration Investment Arbitration in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to investment arbitration on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
113. Investment Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
114. Employees Investment Fund Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
115. Investment Guaranty Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
116. Investment Incentive Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
117. Investment Promotion Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
118. Private Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
119. Public Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
120. Investment Return Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...