Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Banking Institutions In the United States For information about Banking institutions in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Balance of Power Balance of Power, theory and policy of international relations that asserts that the most effective check on the power of a state is the power of other states. In international relations, the term state refers to a country with a government and a population. The term balance of power refers to [...]...
3. Balance Of Power Significance Significance to International RelationsAs a policy, balance of power suggests that states counter any threat to their security by allying with other threatened states and by increasing their own military capabilities. The policy of forming a geographically based coalition of states to surro......
4. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
5. Banks and Banking The Legal History of Banks and BankingThis section provides an overview of Banks and Banking ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Banks and Banking in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) [...]...
6. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
7. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
8. Ballot Structure Ballot Structure in Election Law For a single ballot, presentation of the relevant information, including the names of candidates or parties, their numbers as the case may be, their photograph or the symbols and logos used to facilitate their identification, particularly by illiterate voters. [...]...
9. Compensating Balance A non-interest- bearing deposit that a commercial borrower is obliged to maintain as condition of receiving a bank loan. The effect of this balance is to increase the net cost of the loan; while the amount to be held as a compensating balance is negotiable between the borrower and the bank, a balanc......
10. Ballot Reconciliation Ballot Reconciliation in Election Law Verification technique aiming to ensure that the number of ballots contained in the ballot box matches the number of signatures on the voter list. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
11. Peace Ballot History of the Peace Ballot, 1935 The following commentary about Peace Ballot, 1935 in the Churchill Era is produced by the Churchill College (Cambridge): National ballot organized by the League of Nations Union, on the public's attitude to theLeague of Nations, disarmament and collective [...]...
12. Second Advising Bank Second Advising Bank in International Trade Meaning of Second Advising Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In a letter of credit transaction, the seller usually prefers that the incoming letters of credit be advised through its bank account. However, [...]...
13. Joint Resources See Also As to joint Annuity Ballot Committee Contract Covenant Creditor Custody Fiat Fine Indictment Obligation Obligee Obligor Owner Rate Resolution Session Tenancy Tenant Trespass Trespasser Trustee Will, see those titles. As to joint-stock banks, see Bank joint-stock company, [...]...
14. Development Bank Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
15. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
16. Balance Resources See Also Separation of powers Resources See Also Profit and loss statement Resources See Also Average daily balance...
17. Bankruptcy Code Resources See Also e.g., Bankruptcy proceedings (Business reorganizations, Wage earner's plan)...
18. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
19. Inter-American Center for Labor Administration Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
20. International Occupational Safety and Health Information Center of the ILO Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
21. Banking Core Principles This section provides an overview of banking core principles within the legal context of Financial Regulation in international economic law, with coverage of Monetary and Financial Regulation (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Xavier-Yves Zanota, "Banking Core [...]...
22. Economic Recovery Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
23. Global Jobs Pact Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
24. Grassroots Initiatives Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
25. International Institute for Labor Studies Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
26. Promotion of Employment Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
27. Research Center Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
28. The Inter-American Center for Knowledge Development in Vocational Training Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
29. Current Account Summary of Current Account An entry in a nation's balance of payments accounts reflecting the purchase of goods or services for consumption immediately or in the near future. See Balance of Payments.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Current Account and International Trade [...]...
30. CIS CIS See CIS disambiguation page for other meanings of CIS The Commonwealth of Independent States, abbreviated as CIS, was established at the end of 1991, in the wake of the end of the USSR. It is an association of states, which possesses coordinating powers in trade, finance, lawmaking, and [...]...
31. ACOPAM Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
32. APSDEP Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
33. CIAT Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
34. CRADAT Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
35. IILS Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
36. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
37. Caribbean Development Bank Embracing mainstream international law, this section on caribbean development bank explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
38. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
39. ADB Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
40. CDB Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
41. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
42. Legislative Power The Legal History of Legislative PowerThis section provides an overview of Legislative Power ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Legislative Power in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) [...]...
43. Miga Miga Miga in International Trade Meaning of Miga, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is a financial institution that belong to the World Bank Group and provides political risk coinsurance and reinsurance [...]...
44. Banking Accounts Establishing and Serving Accounts in relation with Lockbox Banking This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Establishing and Serving Accounts covered in connexion with Lockbox Banking and banking / lending Institutions....
45. Edge Act Corporation A federally chartered bank formed under authority of the Edge Act of 1919 (Section 25 A of the Federal Reserve Act) exclusively for the purpose of engaging in international transactions. The Edge Act permits a commercial bank, through the formation of a subsidiary under Section 25 (A), to overcome t......
46. War Power The Legal History of War PowerThis section provides an overview of War Power ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading War Power in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford Encyclopedia of [...]...
47. EBRD EBRD and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources See Also European Bank for Reconstruction and Development...
48. Balance of Payments Balance Of Payments Summary of Balance Of Payments The sum owed to or by a nation as the result of its international transactions during a given time period, usually one year. The balance of payments is calculated by subtracting the nation's total payments to foreigners from total [...]...
49. Basic Balance In balance of payments accounting, the sum of the current account plus net long-term capital transactions, public and private. See Balance of Payments.......
50. Balance of Payments Committee Balance of Payments Committee in International Trade Resources See Also Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions....
51. Blank Ballot Blank Ballot in Election Law Voting paper on which a voter makes no mark, so as to not indicate a choice. Blank ballots are sometimes treated and counted as invalid, in the same way that a ballot paper marked twice is disqualified. In some countries, a blank vote can be seen as a political [...]...
52. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
53. Foreign Bank United States Offices of Foreign Bank in relation with Foreign Banks This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of United States Offices of Foreign Bank covered in connexion with Foreign Banks and banking / lending Institutions....
54. International Banking ContentsInternational BankingInternational Banking in the United StatesMore about BankingCommercial Banking in the United StatesThrift InstitutionsEuropean BankingRole of Central BankingInternational BankingSee ... Read more...
55. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
56. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: An independent agency of the World Bank group established in 1988 to [...]...
57. IDA Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ida explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry "ida" in the [...]...
58. IDB Embracing mainstream international law, this section on idb explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry "idb" in the [...]...
59. IFC Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ifc explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry "ifc" in the [...]...
60. Banking Law Spanish Translation of banking law This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to banking law and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Bancario (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Contents of Banking Law Contents of this subject matter include: [...]...
61. Basel Convention Basel Convention in International Trade Meaning of Basel Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A multilateral environmental agreement dealing with hazardous waste. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on basel convention explores [...]...
62. Act of Bankruptcy Description of Act of Bankruptcy Resources See Also Bankruptcy Code Bankruptcy proceedings Resources See Also Bankruptcy...
63. Decent Work Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
64. Information Center Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
65. International Development Banks Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
66. Training Institution Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
67. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
68. CINTERFOR Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
69. Merchant Bank A bank that provides a variety of financial services to commercial entities, including investment banking, acceptance of bills of exchange, insurance portfolio management, as well as business financing. Merchant banks are a Western European institution and do not customarily accept retail banking bu......
70. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
71. Single Ballot Single Ballot in Election Law Unlike the multiple ballot, this is a ballot paper on which all possible choices open to the voter are printed. The voter selects one or more options, depending on the electoral system. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
72. Balance of Payments Deficit Concept of Balance of Payments Deficit An introductory definition of Balance of Payments Deficit is provided here: a state spends more than it receives from other countries Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
73. Balance of Payments Surplus Concept of Balance of Payments Surplus An introductory definition of Balance of Payments Surplus is provided here: a state receives more than it spends in other countries Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
74. Lockbox Banking Lockbox Banking regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Lockbox Banking covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
75. Correspondent Bank Summary of Correspondent Bank A bank that acts as the representative of another bank in a given transaction. As a rule, correspondents have sums on deposit with each other for the purpose of settling the transactions of the other bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
76. IBRD Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ibrd explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry "ibrd" in the [...]...
77. ICSID Embracing mainstream international law, this section on icsid explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry "icsid" in [...]...
78. Central Banking ContentsCentral BankingRole of Central BankingMore about BankingCommercial Banking in the United StatesThrift InstitutionsEuropean BankingBanking in the United KingdomInternational BankingSee Also ... Read more...
79. Reimbursing Bank Reimbursing Bank in International Trade Meaning of Reimbursing Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The bank named in a letter of credit from which the paying, accepting or negotiating bank may request cover after receipt of the documents in compliance [...]...
80. Bills of Exchange The Legal History of Bills of Exchange in English Common Law This section provides an overview of Bills of Exchange in English Common Law Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Checks, and Trade Acceptances in relation with Negotiable Instruments This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of [...]...
81. Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (BOP Committee): A GATT standing committee [...]...
82. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
83. Current Balance Current Balance in International Trade Meaning of Current Balance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The value of all exports (goods plus services) less all imports of a country over a specific period of time, equal to the sum of the trade (visible) and [...]...
84. Erste Bank Group Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States In relation to the international law practice and Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the [...]...
85. Arrangement With Creditors Description of Arrangement With Creditors In this reference work, arrangement with creditors is a sort of the Bankruptcy category. Resources See Also Bankruptcy proceedings (Business reorganizations Wage earner's plan) Composition with creditors Resources See Also Bankruptcy Plan [...]...
86. Presenting Bank Presenting Bank in International Trade Meaning of Presenting Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In bank collections, the collecting bank that deals directly with the drawee; usually is the drawee's bank of the account....
87. Networks 12 Laworld Region: ContentsInternationalInternationalInternationalInternationalCIS countriesInternationalInternationalInternationalConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s International Members: 24 Professionals: 700 LAWORLD is a ... Read more...
88. Bankrupcy Insolvency Reestructuration Companies Firms Debt Crisis Lawi Bankrupcy Insolvency Reestructuration Companies Firms Debt Crisis Recesion Lawsuit Litigation forum/ Lawi Bankrupcy Insolvency Reestructuration Companies Firms Debt Crisis ... Read more...
89. Barcelona Traction Case Barcelona Traction Case (1970) A Contentious Case between Belgium and Spain before the ICJ: https://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&code=bt&case=41&k=4e Belgium citizens, with stock in ... Read more...
90. Bastiat, Frederic ContentsBastiat, FredericThe limits of lawConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Bastiat, Frederic “The state ... Read more...
91. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 3 Contents Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
92. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 4 Contents Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
93. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 5 Contents Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
94. Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa ContentsBamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into AfricaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
95. Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa 5 Contents Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
96. Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa 6 Contents Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
97. Bal Gangadhar Tilak ContentsBal Gangadhar TilakFurther ReadingConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar ... Read more...
98. Ballot Ballot Definition Ballot, in modern usage, a sheet of paper used in voting, usually in an electoral system that allows the voter to make choices secretly. The term may also designate the method and act of voting secretly by means of a mechanical device. Used in elections in all democratic [...]...
99. Banking Banking Definition Banking may be defined as transactions carried on by any individual or firm engaged in providing financial services to consumers, businesses, or government enterprises. In the broadest sense, a bank is a financial intermediary that performs one or more of the following [...]...
100. Back Letter A letter of indemnity issued by a shipper of cargo to a steamship line to secure issuance of a clean bill of lading where one might not be issued otherwise. For example, a carrier may initially refuse to issue a clean bill of lading for cargo which appears to be damaged; a notation to this [...]...
101. Back-To-Back Letter Of Credit A letter of credit raised to purchase goods that will be sold under a different letter of credit. A broker or other intermediary who is the beneficiary under a customer's letter of credit may use that credit as collateral to open a second letter of credit to actually purchase the goods it plans ......
102. Bailee Summary of Bailee A person or firm entrusted with temporary possession of the personal property of another. Possession of the goods by the Bailee conveys no title and the Bailee must surrender them to the owner upon completion of the purpose that gave rise to the bailment. A steamship [...]...
103. Bailee Receipt A document used in import financing evidencing title to merchandise. The importer executes a Bailee receipt as a condition of receiving from his bank negotiable bills of lading, acknowledging the title holder of the goods to be the bank, for whom the merchant serves as agent. If the merchandise is s......
104. Bailment Summary of Bailment A contract by which one person (bailor) entrusts personal property to another person (bailee) for some specific purpose. All contracts for the carriage of goods, for example, are bailments.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Bailment, in law, a transfer of the [...]...
105. Balance of Trade Balance Of Trade Summary of Balance Of Trade The sum total, in monetary terms, of a nation's merchandise (i.e., "visible") exports less the value of merchandise imports during a given time period, usually one year. Merchandise imports and exports are contrasted with trade in [...]...
106. Balance On Current Account A component of a nation's balance of payments (q. v.) ......
107. Balance On Goods And Services A component of a nation's BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (read this legal term for further details)......
108. Ballast Bonus Additional compensation paid by charterers to a vessel's owners to position the ship close to or at the port of loading. The bonus is designed to defray the cost of running the ship empty or at less than capacity to a distant port to pick up cargo.......
109. Balloon Cargo A cargo of low density, especially one that fully occupies the internal cubic capacity of a conveyance without approaching the vehicle's weight limitations.......
110. Balloon Payments One or more payments toward the end of a loan that are significantly larger than the payments earlier in the life of the loan. See BULLET PAYMENT.......
111. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
112. Bank Paper A bill of exchange or other negotiable that has been accepted or endorsed by a bank.......
113. Bank Rate The rate at which the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada lend to commercial banks.......
114. Bankable Paper Debt obligations issued or endorsed by persons or firms of sufficiently high credit standing so as to render the instruments acceptable for discount or as collateral by commercial banks.......
115. Banker's Accept An Ce Bill of Exchange is considered here.......
116. Banker's Bill A bill of exchange drawn by a bank upon a foreign bank. Usually, these bills are drawn upon credit balances with foreign banks so as to make exchange available locally, and are clean bills of exchange. Bill of Exchange is considered here.......
117. Banking And Financing Controlled Foreign Corporation A controlled foreign corporation within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, that derives more than 50 percent of its gross income from retail or commercial banking, negotiable paper transactions, or investment banking.......
118. Bargain Purchase Option A provision of a lease agreement that permits the lessee to purchase the leased asset at a price expected to be below fair market value.......
119. Barge A shallow draft, walled-in marine conveyance used to haul cargo, usually in bulk. A barge may be self-propelled, although it is more commonly pulled or pushed by a tug or other vessel. Barges are used principally on inland waterways, although some oceangoing vessels are specially equipped to carry b......
120. Barge-Aboard-Cat Amaran A method for the transport of ocean cargo by use of a small barge, which is filled at a waterfront facility and towed to a twin-hulled (catamaran) mother ship for transport abroad. The catamaran may also carry larger LASH (LIGHTER ABOARD ship, q.v.) barges between the twin hulls. This service was in......