Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Arbitration: Basic features of the convention's regime on arbitration agreements Contents Arbitration: Basic features of the convention’s regime on arbitration agreements Arbitration agreements are presumed valid The drafters of the ... Read more...
2. 1958 Convention: Road map to article II Contents 1958 Convention: Road map to article II When seised of challenges to the validity of an arbitration agreement for ... Read more...
3. Arbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV) Contents Arbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV) At this phase of the proceedings, the petitioner has the ... Read more...
4. Arbitration: Grounds for refusal (Article V) in general Contents Arbitration: Grounds for refusal (Article V) in general This phase is characterized by the following general principles: – no ... Read more...
5. Outside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c)) Contents Outside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c))   “The award deals with a difference not ... Read more...
6. New York Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards. An international convention that emerged on June 10, 1958, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Commercial Arbitration. The convention establishes principles and procedures for the arbitration of international commercial disputes......
7. 1958 Convention: Generally accepted principles Contents 1958 Convention: Generally accepted principles The Convention has not explicitly endorsed the “competencecompetence” principle, the limited review of arbitration ... Read more...
8. Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) Contents Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) This provision merely requires that the party seeking enforcement supply a ... Read more...
9. 1958 Convention: Territorial scope of application Contents 1958 Convention: Territorial scope of application   Article I(1) defines the territorial scope of application of the New York ... Read more...
10. Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal Contents Arbitration: Limited discretionary power to enforce in the presence of grounds for refusal     Courts generally refuse enforcement ... Read more...
11. Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Note: The Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration was an Australian court that existed from ... Read more...
12. Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement Contents Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement     Article V(1)(a) also provides a ground for refusal where the arbitration agreement “referred ... Read more...
13. Air Transport Services Agreement Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on air transport services agreement arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "air transport services agreement arbitration" in the Parry and [...]...
14. Headquarters Company A company organized in a foreign country for the purpose of providing administrative support to affiliate companies. It does not normally take title to products or provide financing.......
15. Who must sign contracts? Contents Who must sign contracts? • Some jurisdictions hold that both parties must sign written agreement required. • Vast majority ... Read more...
16. 1958 Convention: Reservations Contents 1958 Convention: Reservations   In principle, the Convention applies to all foreign or international arbitration agreements and to all ... Read more...
17. Lists about law Contents Lists about law Sources of law and legislation Lists of legislation Lists of case law List of treaties List ... Read more...
18. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
19. Mutual Legal Assistance in Argentina Mutual Legal Assistance in Argentina List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties related to this Country Below is a list of ... Read more...
20. 1958 Convention: Material scope of application Contents 1958 Convention: Material scope of application   To determine whether a particular award or agreement falls within the subject ... Read more...
21. 1958 Convention: Relationship with domestic law and other treaties (Article VII) Contents 1958 Convention: Relationship with domestic law and other Treaties (Article VII)   Article VII(1) of the New York Convention ... Read more...
22. Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
23. Uzbekistan Legal Materials For information on Uzbek law and legal materials, see ... A Guide to Legal Research in Uzbekistan by Maria S. Stalbovskaya; The Guide to Online Law: Uzbekistan by the Library of Congress; Doing Business in Uzbekistan by Baker & [...]...
24. Arbitral Tribunal An international arbitrator may be the chief of a friendly power, or he may be a private individual. When he is an emperor, a king, or a president of a republic, it is not expected that he will act personally; he may appoint a delegate or delegates to act on his behalf, and avail himself of [...]...
25. List of international public law topics Contents List of international public law topics This is a comprehensive list of entries dealing with public international law, including ... Read more...
26. South Korea South Korea is the common name for the Republic of Korea. For information about South Korean law and legal research materials, see: The summary of South Korea law in the Martindale-Hubbell Law Digest (see "Martindale-Hubble"); South Korean Law [...]...
27. Bilateral Investment Treaties Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties Bilateral Investment Treaties resources • unctad bilateral investment Treaties online (searchable database) Free trade/sectoral agreements with ... Read more...
28. Telecommunications international conventions Contents Telecommunications international conventions Final Acts of the Plenipotentiary Conference of the International Telecommunications Union with Instruments Amending the Constitution ... Read more...
29. Barcelona Traction Case Barcelona Traction Case (1970) A Contentious Case between Belgium and Spain before the ICJ: https://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&code=bt&case=41&k=4e Belgium citizens, with stock in ... Read more...
30. Malta Agreement Adoption by certain governments of air carrier liability limitations as expressed in the Montreal Intercarrier Agreement. See Warsaw Convention.......
31. Leasing Introduction to Leasing Leasing, form of renting, often used by businesses to finance the acquisition of land, buildings, machinery, and other industrial equipment. Responsibility for maintenance lies with the company leasing the land or equipment. Leasing is widely used by companies in [...]...
32. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
33. United States Arbitration Act An act of Congress that prescribes the basis for arbitration of commercial disputes arising from maritime contracts and contracts involving foreign entities. The act is divided into two chapters.Chapter I, dealing with maritime transactions, was enacted in 1947 and based upon an earlier ......
34. Association Agreement Stabilisation and association agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Stabilisation and association agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A bilateral agreement, which establishes a single basis for assisting a country. Each EU candidate country has such [...]...
35. Hong Kong Hong Kong was a somewhat autonomous city-state under British control until July 1, 1997, when the city was returned to China. Legal Materials Company Information: Profiles of Hong Kong companies are available through Lexis (COMPNY;WBCHHK) and SkyMinder and Tolfin. You can obtain [...]...
36. Attomey-in-fact Definition of Attomey-in-fact in International Trade The following is a concept of Attomey-in-fact in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person authorized to transact business generally or to perform a designated task of a [...]...
37. Spain For information on Spanish legal materials, see the Guide to Legal Research in Spainby Olga Cabrero and updated by Vanessa Casado. See also the Guide to Law Online: Spain and the other sources discussed in the "Foreign Laws" entry of this Guide. Information on Spanish companies is [...]...
38. South America South America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, the Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI), Uruguay and Venezuela. You can find legal research guides for most South American Countries on [...]...
39. Crime: International Conventions Contents Crime: International Conventions Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 1.3.1991 International Convention against ... Read more...
40. Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases on arbitration Contents Commercial arbitration: United States court decisions on arbitration See: Commercial arbitration: U.S. Court decisions applying NY Convention 1958   ... Read more...
41. Allied Company Arrangement Synonymous with COMPLEMENTARY EXPORTING (for more details visit the resource).......
42. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
43. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
44. International organizations articles of conventions Contents International Organizations articles of conventions Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 29.5.1990 Convention Establishing the Multilateral ... Read more...
45. Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Mongolia admitance in the EBRD Amendment to the Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Contents Title of ... Read more...
46. Armendariz v. Foundation Health Psychcare Services Contents Armendariz v. Foundation Health Psychcare Services, Inc. 2000 California Supreme Court • As condition of employment, employee had to ... Read more...
47. Ireland The Irish Law Site provides links to Irish government Web sites and sites posting Irish law, including the Irish Constitution, the full text of Irish Acts passed since 1922 and recent case law (www.ucc.ie/ucc/depts/law/irishlaw/). For an overview of the Irish legal system, primary legal [...]...
48. Arbitration resources Contents Arbitration resources See...
49. Admissibility in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of admissibility in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Veijo Heiskanen, "Admissibility in [...]...
50. Provincial Subsidies Award in Arbitration on Provincial Subsidies: Case No. 81010 In relation to the international law practice and Award in Arbitration on Provincial Subsidies: Case No. 81010 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, [...]...
51. Mutual Legal Assistance in Peru Mutual Legal Assistance in Peru List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties signed by Peru Below is a list of all ... Read more...
52. Mutual Legal Assistance in Uruguay Mutual Legal Assistance in Uruguay List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties signed by Uruguay Below is a list of all ... Read more...
53. Health international conventions Contents Health international conventions Multilateral Agreement for the Operation of the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre 27.9.1990 International Health Regulations 25.7.1969 WHO ... Read more...
54. Agreement Relating to the "INTELSAT" 5 Contents Agreement Relating to the “INTELSAT”   Article XVII. (Amendment) (a) Any Party may propose amendments to this Agreement. Proposed ... Read more...
55. Confidentiality Agreement Confidentiality Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Confidentiality Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of contract used to protect sensitive technical or commercial information from disclosure to others. Such agreement is often [...]...
56. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
57. Private international law resources Contents Private International Law resources Research guides ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law: Private International Law . A ... Read more...
58. League of Nations conventions Contents League of Nations conventions International Convention Concerning the use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace 23.9.1936 International Convention ... Read more...
59. International Plant Protection Convention Contents International Plant Protection Convention Title of Convention New Revised Text of the International Plant Protection Convention About the Revised ... Read more...
60. ESA Agreement on the Protection and Exchange of Classified Information Contents ESA Agreement on the Protection and Exchange of Classified Information Title of Treaty Agreement between the States Parties to ... Read more...
61. Trade and Commercial Relations conventions Contents Trade and Commercial Relations international conventions Trade and Commercial Relations multilateral conventions General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) ... Read more...
62. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules See: Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL ... Read more...
63. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna Known commonly by the acronym CITES, a multilateral agreement to suppress international trade in endangered species of wildlife and plants. The convention was signed at Washington in 1973; in 1984, sixty-nine nations were signatories. Adherents to the convention pledge to interdict the [...]...
64. TIR Convention An international agreement designed to speed international cargo movements across third countries en route to final destination. Originally established in 1949 as a means of speeding European road transportation, the convention now applies to other modes of transport as well. Basically, each [...]...
65. International Arbitration Treaties Contents International Arbitration Treaties Legal Materials The U.S. Department of State posts links to UNCITRAL materials and other treaties concerning ... Read more...
66. Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) This section provides an overview of arbitration institute of the stockholm chamber of commerce (scc) within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and [...]...
67. Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) Name of this Court The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) is the standarized name of one of the National Courts - see the entries in the corresponding legal Encyclopedia (of this project) about court rules and procedural law for more [...]...
68. Sample letter: Request for bank statement Contents Sample letter: Request for bank statement To, The Bank Manager Name of bank Address of branch Date Dear Sir, ... Read more...
69. Affiliation Privilege Tax relief which a firm receives because it controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another firm. For example, company A derives significant tax credits from investments in new plant and equipment, but does not have sufficent earnings to fully utilize the credits; company B, the ......
70. Romania English translations of key Romanian laws are published in the Central & Eastern European Legal Materials series by Columbia University's Parker School of Foreign and Comparative Law. Links to the Romanian Constitution and other legal materials are posted by WashLaw Web. For more [...]...
71. Intellectual Property Disputes The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the World Trade Organization The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
72. Aviation and Outerspace Conventions Contents Aviation and Outerspace Conventions Treaty on Open Skies 24.3.1992 Additional Protocols 1-4 Amending the Convention for the Unification of ... Read more...
73. Offshoring Offshoring in International Trade Meaning of Offshoring, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Offshoring occurs, when a company moves all or some of its activities to another country. When the costs of running a company are cheaper in another country, the [...]...
74. Compulsory Arbitration Resources See Also Arbitration Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to compulsory arbitration in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
75. Convention on the (INMARSAT) 6 Contents Convention on the (INMARSAT) Article 30. Suspension and termination (1) Not less than one year after the Directorate has ... Read more...
76. International Commercial Law Contents International Commercial law See also Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Treaty, Legislation: United Nations Convention ... Read more...
77. UN International Commercial Arbitration speechs Contents UN International commercial arbitration speechs Opening Speech by Ambassador Schurmann for the United Nations Conference on International commercial arbitration ... Read more...
78. List of international online resources Contents List of international legal online resources 1. African Human Rights Resource Center Description This home page for the African ... Read more...
79. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
80. Treaty Types Types of TreatiesIntroduction to Treaty TypesMany treaties can be classified as either political or commercial agreements. Political treaties may relate to mutual defense in case of armed attack; to guarantees of a particular status, such as neutrality; or to the preservation of ex......
81. Softwood Lumber Agreement Arbitration and Related Actions Arising From the Softwood Lumber Agreement in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United States has availed itself of the dispute resolution provisions under the 2006 [...]...
82. Gentleman's Agreements Contents Gentleman’s Agreements • Dominate mode of distributing securities is through underwriters in investment banking. • Underwriters distribute securities to ... Read more...
83. Labor Arbitration Labor ArbitrationIn the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act, Congress declared that arbitration was the "desirable method for settlement of grievance disputes arising over the application or interpretation of an existing collective bargaining agreement" (see National Labor Relations Act). Build......
84. Applicable Law Definition of Applicable LawIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Applicable Law : The laws of a jurisdiction that apply to a particular transaction or agreement. Many countries are signatories of the international Rome Convention (1980; in force from 1 April [...]...
85. Sweden For information about Swedish legal resources see Swedish Law and Legal Materialsby Sofia Sternberg, the Legal Research Guide: Sweden and/or the Guide to Online Law by the Library of Congress. For more information, see the "Foreign Laws" entry of this legal Encyclopedia. The Legal [...]...
86. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
87. Brokerage Agreement Brokerage Agreement in International Trade Meaning of Brokerage Agreement, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type or contract, whereby a person or company acts as a sales agent on behalf of the exporting company (principal), introducing its products to [...]...
88. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
89. International Trade and Commercial Relations resources Contents International Trade and Commercial Relations resources International Trade and Commercial Relations web resources...
90. Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules Contents Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules   See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID ... Read more...
91. Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Contents Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ... Read more...
92. Collectibles Vintage Collectibles Vintage...
93. Patent Summary of Patent A grant issued by a governmental authority to an inventor permitting, for a fixed number of years, an exclusive right to the invention. The grant includes the prerogative of preventing others from making, using, or selling the invention covered. Through various [...]...
94. Accession Accession in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: Accession is a process by which a country becomes a member of an international agreement or of another state. For example, all but the original fifteen colonies in the United States were granted accession into the [...]...
95. Absolute Advantage Absolute Advantage and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Absolute Advantage: The ability of a country to supply a particular product or class of goods at lower costs than competing nations. See [...]...
96. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
97. Dispute Settlement Bodies Dispute Settlement Bodies They include the following bodies: Court of Arbitration for Sport Court of Conciliation and Arbitration ICC International ... Read more...
98. Popular on the Encyclopedia of Law Contents Popular on the Encyclopedia of Law International Law What’s trending on the Encyclopedia of Law right now about international ... Read more...
99. Armenia Information on the Armenian legal system and Armenian resources is provided in A Legal Research Guide to Armenia by Sergey Arakelyan and Anna Margaryan and/or the Guide to Law Online: Armenia by the Library of Congress. See also the "Foreign Laws" entry of this legal Encyclopedia. [...]...
100. Azores Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
101. Artic Law Contents Artic Law Arctic and Antarctic legal resources Polar – General The Polar Regions (Willassen) Very Well-Produced Pages. On Antarctica, ... Read more...
102. Air, Space, and Communications legal resources Air, Space, and Communications legal resources Contents Aviation Aviation Links (ICAO) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Take-Off, Aims, Publications to ... Read more...
103. Application of the Ponsonby Rule Contents Application of the Ponsonby Rule (United Kingdom) See Ponsonby Rule (United Kingdom) – Explanatory Memoranda In the United Kingdom, ... Read more...
104. Amendments to the Convention on the International Hydrographic Organization Protocol of Amendments to the Convention on the International Hydrographic Organization Title of the Treaty Protocol of Amendments to the ... Read more...
105. Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court Contents Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Title of the Agreement Agreement on the ... Read more...
106. Act revising the Convention on the Grant of European Patents Hello Contents Act revising the Convention on the Grant of European Patents Title of the Act Act revising the Convention ... Read more...
107. Agreements country resources Contents Agreements country Resources Argentina List, by country , of bilateral agreements. Australian Treaties Library Bolivia List of bilateral and ... Read more...
108. Atmosphere and Space conventions Contents Atmosphere and Space international conventions Atmosphere and Space multilateral conventions Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere , ... Read more...
109. Arbitration Organizations worldwide Contents Arbitration Organizations worldwide Arbitration Organizations worldwide: web resources Abu Dhabi Commercial Conciliation and Arbitration Center (ADCCAC) www.adcci-uae.com ADR Institute ... Read more...
110. Arbitral Institutions Contents Arbitral Institutions American Arbitration Association (AAA) Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) Australian Centre for International ... Read more...
111. Arbitration: List of Latin American Institutions Contents Arbitration: List of arbitral Latin American Institutions This is a list of Arbitral Institutions Identified in Latin-America: Argentina Tribunal ... Read more...
112. Arbitral Institutions in Brazil Contents Arbitral Institutions in Brazil Brazil has the largest number of Institutions dedicated to Arbitration in Latin America. List of ... Read more...
113. A Common Law of International Adjudication Contents A Common law of International Adjudication Chester Brown (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007, liii + 303 pp) The rise ... Read more...
114. Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention Contents Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention   The non-application or incorrect application of the New ... Read more...
115. Arbitration: Incapacity of Party Contents Arbitration : Incapacity of Party   The types of issues arising under this ground include the “incapacity” defences, such ... Read more...
116. Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing Contents Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing     Article V(1)(b) requires that parties be afforded a fair hearing that ... Read more...
117. Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement Contents Arbitration: Examples of Recognition and Enforcement   In a German case before the Court of Appeal of Celle, the ... Read more...
118. Arbitration: Examples of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement Contents Arbitration: Examples of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement   Examples of refusal of recognition and enforcement under Article V(2)(b) ... Read more...
119. Arbitration Award Contents Arbitration Award International awards differ from civil awards in having no legal sanction by which they can be enforced. ... Read more...
120. Arbitration: Grounds for refusal to be raised by the court ex officio (Article V(2)) Contents Arbitration: Grounds for refusal to be raised by the court ex officio (Article V(2))   Article V(2) of the ... Read more...