Artificial Intelligence and Law

Artificial Intelligence and Law

Introduction to AI and Law

The purpose of AI & Law is to provide a forum for sharing research results, problems, and ideas about computational models of law and legal reasoning. AI & Law is not only concerned with logical aspects of legal reasoning, but also with many other topics. The research in AI & Law is, sometimes, extremely fragmentary.

International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law (IAAIL)

In 1987 the Society for Artificial Intelligence & Law was founded (https://www.iaail.org) and the Journal with the same name followed in 1992. “IAAIL is a nonprofit association devoted to promoting research and development in the field of AI and Law, with members throughout the world. IAAIL organizes a biennial conference (ICAIL), which provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest research results and practical applications and stimulates interdisciplinary and international collaboration.”(1)

The Society organized a bi-annual conference (ICAIL). Now, ICAIL is still the biennial official conference of the IAAIL (see below), whose aim is to provide a “forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest research results and practical applications and stimulates interdisciplinary and international collaboration.”(2)

They select different avenues (Rome in 2013, Pittsburgh in 2011, Barcelona in 2009, Stanford in 2007, etc).

The proceedings of the ICAIL conferences are published by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and available on the web to subscribing institutions, as part of the ACM Digital Library.

Moreover, also since 1987 there is the yearly JURIX Conference (International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems) that started as a Dutch meeting of researchers and has grown now to an annual international conference on AI and Law. For exemple, JURIX 2013 were in Bologna (Italy) and JURIX 2012 were in Amsterdam (The Netherlands). In particular the annual JURIX confer-
ences provided the forum to report research results in this area of AI and Law. Other Conferences are:

  • IRIS (Internationales Rechtsinformatik Symposion)
  • DEON (International Conference on Deontic Logic in Computer Science)
  • EGOV (Conference on Electronic Government)
  • ePart (International Conference on eParticipation)
  • COMMA (International Conference on Computational Models of Argument)
  • JURISIN (International Workshop on Juris-Informatics)

Meta-Legal Knowleadge

In the early eighties the research was particularly inspired by logic programming, fitting in an old philosophical tradition (starting with Leibniz) to ground legislation and legal reasoning in logical foundations. In particular some researchers saw a strong parallel between Prolog (or production) rules and legal rules. This parallel was not without problems as the logic suitable for
normative reasoning appeared to require speci al features, which fostered new interests
in deontic logics (in its workshop on deontic logics, DEON).

Another, less formal, approach was inspired by research in AI on case based rea soning, and it aimed analogical similarity between legal cases to enable the retrieval of relevant precedent cases, which fitted particularly but not exclusively the An glo-Saxon legal traditions. The more applied orientation of AI in knowledge engineer ing had a strong impact on bringing AI & law to the market place, and a large variety of legal knowledge systems were developed.

Resources

Notes and References

  1. IAAIL website (https://www.iaail.org)
  2. Idem

See Also

  • Semantic Web and Law
  • Semantic Indexing and Law
  • MetaLex
  • SDU BWB
  • LexDania
  • NormeinRete
  • AKOMA NTOSO
  • CHLexML
  • EnAct
  • Legal RDF
  • eLaw
  • LAMS
  • JSMS
  • UKMF
  • Estrella Project
  • Legal Ontologies
  • LegalXLM
  • CELEX
  • Free Access to Law Movement
  • Legal Information Institute resources

Further Reading

  • Arnold-Moore, T. (1997). Automatic generation of amendment legislation. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Artificial Intelligence and Law.
  • Lachmayer, F. and Hoffmann, H. (2005). From legal categories towards legal ontologies. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Legal Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Techniques, pages 63-69.
  • Palmirani, M. (2005). Time model in normative information system. In Post-proceedings of the ICAIL Workshop on the Role of Legal Knowledge in e-Government.

Posted

in

, ,

by

Comments

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *