Contents
Arbitration: Examples of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
Examples of refusal of recognition and enforcement under Article V(2)(b) are:
– The Court of Appeal of Bavaria refused recognition and enforcement of a Russian award on the ground of public policy because the award had been made after the parties had reached a settlement, which had been concealed from the arbitrators; 1
– The Federal Arbitrazh (Commercial) Court for the District of Tomsk, in the Russian Federation, denied enforcement of an ICC award rendered in France, finding that the loan agreements in respect of which the award had been rendered were an illegal arrangement between companies of the same group and that the dispute was simulated. 2
1. Germany: Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht, 20 November 2003 (Seller v. Buyer) Yearbook Commercial Arbitration XXIX (2004) pp. 771-775 (Germany no. 71).
2. Russian Federation: Federal Arbitrazh (Commercial) Court, District of Tomsk, 7 July 2010 (Yukos Capital S.A.R.L. v. OAO Tomskneft VNK) Yearbook Commercial Arbitration XXXV (2010) pp. 435-437 (Russian Federation no. 28)
Source: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New York convention. Not changes allowed.
Conclusion
Notes
See Also
References and Further Reading
About the Author/s and Reviewer/s
Author: international
….
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- International Enforcement Enforcement Jurisdiction Jurisdiction to Enforce in General This include the following: National Practice with Respect to Jurisdiction to Enforce International Law Governing Jurisdiction to Enforce Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in a Country This covers the [...]...
- 1958 Convention: Road map to article II Contents1958 Convention: Road map to article IITheoretical BackgroundSource: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New York convention. Not ... Read more...
- Admissibility in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of admissibility in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Veijo Heiskanen, "Admissibility in [...]...
- New York Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards. An international convention that emerged on June 10, 1958, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Commercial Arbitration. The convention establishes principles and procedures for the arbitration of international commercial disputes......
- 1958 Convention: Material scope of application Contents1958 Convention: Material scope of applicationArbitral awardAutonomous InterpretationConflict-of-Laws ApproachSource: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New York convention. ... Read more...
- Arbitral Tribunal An international arbitrator may be the chief of a friendly power, or he may be a private individual. When he is an emperor, a king, or a president of a republic, it is not expected that he will act personally; he may appoint a delegate or delegates to act on his behalf, and avail himself of [...]...
- Investment Arbitration Fora Investment Arbitration Fora in International Economic Law In international economic law, investment arbitration fora includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ICC International Court of Arbitration Arbitration [...]...
- Commercial Arbitration Agreements Commercial arbitration agreements (Law Materials) In this section, find out some resources in relation to Commercial arbitration agreements legal materials (as legal instruments). Other Legal Instruments Other legal instruments include: Affidavits By-laws Charters and articles of [...]...
- Compulsory Arbitration Resources See Also Arbitration Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to compulsory arbitration in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
- Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments (Civil Law) Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments (Civil Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to recognition and enforcement of judgments (civil law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues [...]...
- Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments (Common Law) Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments (Common Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to recognition and enforcement of judgments (common law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues [...]...
- Enforcement The Legal History of Enforcement in Islamic Law This section provides an overview of Enforcement in Islamic Law Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act and the Electronic Commerce Federal Trade Commission Act and Enforcement Under the FTC Act in the Online Business Law [...]...
- Arbitrator The Arbitrator in International Arbitrations: Main Issues Perspectives on International Arbitration Some major topics include: Interference by National Courts ADR and Arbitration The Parties' or the Arbitration Tribunals Confidentiality Responsibility of Arbitrators and [...]...
- Jurisdiction in International Arbitration This section provides an overview of jurisdiction in international arbitration within the legal context of Procedural Aspects in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Jan Paulsson, "Jurisdiction in International [...]...
- United Nations Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards United Nations Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards. ......
- Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) Name of this Court The Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (USSR) is the standarized name of one of the National Courts - see the entries in the corresponding legal Encyclopedia (of this project) about court rules and procedural law for more [...]...
- Dispute Settlement Bodies Dispute Settlement Bodies They include the following bodies: Court of Arbitration for Sport Court of Conciliation and Arbitration ICC International ... Read more...
- Peace Enforcement Functions of the UN: Maintenance of International Peace and Security Peace Enforcement Introduction to Peace Enforcement In addition to peacekeeping missions, the UN can also authorize peace enforcement operations. Unlike peacekeeping missions, which help willing parties maintain an ......
- Investment treaty law and arbitration books chapters Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books chaptersBook ChaptersConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
- Arbitration Award ContentsArbitration AwardArbitration: Award not binding, set aside or suspended (Article V(1)(e))Award Not Yet BindingAward Set Aside or SuspendedSource: ICCA’S Guide ... Read more...
- Loyalty Towards Federation In relation to the loyalty towards federation and constitutional law, Michèle Finck[1] made the following observation: The principle of federal good faith, also referred to as federal comity, federal loyalty, federal trust, or federal fidelity, is a guiding principle that intervenes in [...]...
- Arbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV) ContentsArbitration: Requirements to be fulfilled by petitioner (Art. IV)Which documents? Authenticated award or certified copy(Article IV(1)(a))AuthenticationCertificationSource: ICCA’S Guide to the ... Read more...
- Arbitration: Incapacity of Party ContentsArbitrationIncapacity of PartySource: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New York convention. Not changes allowed.ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ... Read more...
- Arbitration: Right to a Fair Hearing ContentsArbitration: Right to a Fair HearingLack of Notice Due Process Violations: “Unable to Present His Case” Source: ICCA’S Guide to ... Read more...
- Commercial arbitration: U.S. Cases on arbitration ContentsCommercial arbitration: United States court decisions on arbitrationConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Commercial ... Read more...
- Arbitration: List of Latin American Institutions ContentsArbitration: List of arbitral Latin American InstitutionsArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaDominican Republic EcuadorEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasMexicoNicaraguaPanamaParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuelaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
- Arbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York Convention ContentsArbitration: Consequences of the non-application of the New York ConventionBreach of the New York ConventionBreach of investment treatyAward is unaffected ... Read more...
- Arbitration resources ContentsArbitration resourcesArbitration books by year:Arbitration journalsArbitration ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Arbitration resources ... Read more...
- Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
- Arbitration Organizations worldwide ContentsArbitration Organizations worldwideArbitration Organizations worldwide: web resourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Arbitration Organizations ... Read more...
- Arbitration Arbitration, reference of a dispute to an impartial person or persons, called arbitrators, for a decision or award based on evidence and arguments presented by the disputants. The parties involved usually agree to resort to arbitration in lieu of court proceedings to resolve an existing [...]...
- Investment treaty law and arbitration books ContentsInvestment treaty law and arbitration booksBooks by year:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment ... Read more...
- Investment treaty law and arbitration reports ContentsInvestment treaty law and arbitration reportsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment treaty law ... Read more...
- Investment treaty law and arbitration articles ContentsInvestment treaty law and arbitration articlesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment treaty law ... Read more...
- List of international arbitration topics ContentsList of international arbitration topicsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List of international arbitration ... Read more...
- International Commercial Arbitration See also International business arbitration in this international legal encyclopedia. International Commercial Arbitration Resources Treaties and Conventions on Arbitration See also Treaties in this legal [...]...
- UN International Commercial Arbitration speechs ContentsUN International commercial arbitration speechsOpening Speech by Ambassador Schurmann for the United Nations Conference on International commercial arbitration ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences ... Read more...
- Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement ContentsInvalidity of Arbitration AgreementSource: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New York convention. Not changes allowed.ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and ... Read more...
- Outside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c)) ContentsOutside or beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement (Article V(1)(c))Source: ICCA’S Guide to the interpretation of the 1958 New ... Read more...
- Arbitration on Under-pricing of Timber New us Request For Arbitration on Under-pricing of Timber: Case no 111790 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): I. Relevant Provisions Of The SLA A. The United States Negotiated For A System Of Export [...]...
- Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-ZInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rulesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment Treaty Cases: ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: UNCITRAL (1976) arbitration rulesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment Treaty ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: arbitration rulesInvestment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ... Read more...
- Original Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b)) ContentsOriginal Arbitration agreement or certified copy (Article IV(1)(b))At the time of the applicationTranslations(Article IV(2))Examples of cases where a translation was ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rulesInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rulesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the ... Read more...
- Bering Sea Arbitration ContentsBering Sea ArbitrationDefinitionBackgroundDevelopmentUK and United States positionsDiplomatic ControversyArbitration proposalClaimsAwardSee Also Bering Sea Arbitration Definition The important fishery dispute between Great ... Read more...
- Arbitration Clause Definition of Arbitration Clause in International Trade The following is a concept of Arbitration Clause in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract clause included in may international contracts, stating for example: [...]...
- Arbitration Rules ContentsArbitration RulesRules from International InstitutionsRules from National InstitutionsIn Asia The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (“CIETAC”), Hong Kong ... Read more...
- Arbitration Adjudication Resistance to Arbitration (Adjudication and Enforcement) This section provides an overview of resistance to arbitration (adjudication and enforcement) within the legal context of Resistance to Arbitration in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles)....
- International Business Arbitration ContentsInternational business arbitrationResources:The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption Under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts in Light of International ... Read more...
- Outline of International Arbitration ContentsOutline of International ArbitrationSubject-matterThe OutlineConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the Author/s and Rewiever/sFurther ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Outline of ... Read more...
- United States Arbitration Act An act of Congress that prescribes the basis for arbitration of commercial disputes arising from maritime contracts and contracts involving foreign entities. The act is divided into two chapters.Chapter I, dealing with maritime transactions, was enacted in 1947 and based upon an earlier ......
- International Arbitration, Historical ContentsInternational ArbitrationArbitral TribunalsAwardsSubject-matterThe Hague TribunalHague CasesFirst CaseSecond CaseThird CaseFourth CaseOther IssuesArbitral ProcedureLimits of International ArbitrationFurther Reading International Arbitration International arbitration ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Arbitration ContentsInvestment Treaty ArbitrationHistoryTreaties and ConventionsInvestment Treaty Arbitration and International LawProcedural Aspects of Investment Treaty ArbitrationTHE CHALLENGE OF SOVEREIGNTY Investment Treaty ... Read more...
- Limits of International Arbitration Limits of International Arbitration...
- Award in Arbitration on Provincial Subsidies Award in Arbitration on Provincial Subsidies: Case no 81010 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On January 20, 2011 a tribunal of the LCIA ("Tribunal") issued an award in favor of the [...]...
- Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviews Contents Investment treaty law and arbitration books reviewsBook ReviewsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-EConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment Treaty ... Read more...
- Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration ContentsAmicus Curiae in International Investment ArbitrationWhat Value Can The Proposed Amici AddMiscellaneous Procedural RequirementsWays in Which Amici May Seek To ... Read more...
- International Recognition ContentsRecognition in International LawResourcesNotesBIBLIOGRAPHY Recognition in International Law In a world system where the principal actors are independent and sovereign ... Read more...
- Automatic Recognition Automatic Emotion Recognition Based on Non-contact Gaits Information, the Law and other Social Sciences Automatic emotion recognition was of great value in many applications, however, to fully display the application value of emotion recognition, more portable, non-intrusive, inexpensive [...]...
- Alabama Arbitration Contents“Alabama” ArbitrationIntroductionBackgroundForeign Enlistment Act of 1819United States and UK positionsTreatyIndirect LossesDecisionCyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History ... Read more...
- Construction Arbitration ContentsConstruction Arbitration and ADROn-Site Dispute Management ServicesAssisted NegotiationsTraditional PartneringThe Standing Neutral Concept: DRBs, Single Dispute Resolvers and On-Site NeutralsDispute Resolution ... Read more...
- Aramco Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on aramco arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "aramco arbitration" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
- Arbitration Bond Description of Arbitration Bond Resources See Also Performance Bond Alternative Dispute Resolution...
- Arbitration Board Resources See Also e.g. American Arbitration Association...
- Enforcement of laws ContentsEnforcement of lawsBad lawsResources Other resources:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Enforcement of laws ... Read more...
- Recognition of Juridical Persons in International Law ContentsRecognition of Juridical Persons in International LawSUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAWThe State as an International PersonLegal criteria of StatehoodPopulationDefined TerritoryGovernmentCapacity to ... Read more...
- International Arbitration Treaties ContentsInternational Arbitration TreatiesLegal MaterialsList of Major International Arbitration TreatiesIn relation to Inter-American Treaties, Conventions and Agreements adopted within the framework ... Read more...
- Antitrust Enforcement In the United States For information about Antitrust enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
- Enforcement Jurisdiction ContentsEnforcement JurisdictionJurisdiction to Enforce in GeneralRecognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in a CountryJurisdiction to Enforce in the United StatesPrescriptive ... Read more...
- Authority Over Foreign State Recognition Executive Branch Authority Over Foreign State Recognition in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Executive Branch Authority Over Foreign State Recognition: Post-ratification History Both parties make extensive arguments regarding the [...]...
- Arbitration, (UNCITRAL) Model Law Arbitration, (UNCITRAL) Model Law in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to arbitration, (uncitral) model law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
- Agricultural Law Enforcement Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of agricultural law enforcement, with a description of the most significant features of agricultural law enforcement at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Renting Farm [...]...
- Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Court of Conciliation and Arbitration Note: The Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration was an Australian court that existed from ... Read more...
- Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
- Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
- Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) This section provides an overview of arbitration institute of the stockholm chamber of commerce (scc) within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and [...]...
- Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-state Arbitration: As mentioned in Mr. Arbogast's statement above, UNCITRAL finished negotiations on a set [...]...
- Dual Recognition The recognition of two rival governments within a country by a third power. This condition normally occurs when one government is recognized as the de jure government, and a competing regime is recognized as the de facto government of at least a portion of the country. For example, during the years ......
- Recognition of Judgments Private International Law: Recognition of JudgmentsIntroduction to Recognition of JudgmentsIn general international practice, whenever the recognition of foreign laws or of foreign legal acts is specifically prohibited by statute or would result in unconscionable injury or contrave......
- Recognition Recognition in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Recognition provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: The designation by a government agency of a union as the bargaining agent for workers in a given bargaining unit, or acceptance by an employer that its employees can be collectively [...]...
- Mutual Recognition Mutual recognition and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Mutual recognition provided by the European Union Commission: A principle of international law whereby States party to an agreement decide that they will recognise and uphold legal decisions taken by competent authorities [...]...
- Recognition of Somalia U.S. Recognition of Somalia in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.S. Recognition of Somalia: On January 17, 2013, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton received the president of Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, at the U.S. Department of State. The [...]...
- Non-recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on non-recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "non-recognition" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
- Recognition As Nation Recognition as Nation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on recognition as nation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition as nation" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
- Recognition of Governments Embracing mainstream international law, this section on recognition of governments explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition of governments" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
- Recognition of Insurgency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on recognition of insurgency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition of insurgency" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
- Recognition of States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on recognition of states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition of states" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
- Conditions for Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on conditions for recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, conditions for" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
- Modes of Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on modes of recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, modes of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
- Organs of Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on organs of recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, organs of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
- Premature Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on premature recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, premature" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
- Retroactivity of Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on retroactivity of recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, retroactivity of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
- Withdrawal of Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on withdrawal of recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, withdrawal of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
- Investment Arbitration ContentsInvestment ArbitrationSymposia “Symposium on international investment law and the European Union” in Karl P. Sauvant, Yearbook on International Investment Law ... Read more...
- Transnational Arbitration ContentsTransnational Arbitration1LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW2LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW3LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW4LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW5LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
- Commercial Arbitration In the U.S., commercial arbitration is used most often in the construction, garment, and textile industries; in cases involving insurance and negligence; in maritime disputes; and in controversies involving members of stock and commodity exchanges. All but six states have adopted modern [...]...
- International Arbitration International arbitration is the settlement by a mutually acceptable third party of disputes between sovereign states. Modern international arbitration began with the conclusion of Jay's Treaty (1794) by Great Britain and the United States. Numerous disputes were arbitrated during the 19th [...]...