Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Producers Association Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective...
2. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
3. AU The African Union, abbreviated as AU, is a union consisting of 53 African Member States (all African countries except for Morocco), established on 9 July 2002 by the Durban Summit as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) The most important organs of the AU are the Assembly of [...]...
4. Benelux Economic Union Benelux Economic Union Outline The Benelux Economic Union was based on the Treaty of Economic Union signed by Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in The Hague in 1958. The treaty came into force in 1960, but the economic cooperation among the three countries goes back a long way to 1932, [...]...
5. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
6. International law index O Contents International law index O   Objective Regime Observers Occupation, Belligerent Occupation, Military, Termination of Occupation, Pacific Oder-Neisse Line Oil ... Read more...
7. Intergovernmental Organizations A list of some Intergovernmental Organizations is the following: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization ( CTBTO ) Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) International Atomic [...]...
8. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
9. Federation Of American Controlled Shipping An association of American firms that operate Liberian- and Panamanian-registered tankers, bulk carriers, and specialized vessels. Currently, federation member firms control over forty-three million deadweight tons of foreign shipping. In addition, federation members control approximately one-half t......
10. EEA See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA The European Economic Area, abbreviated as EEA, consists of the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU) and three countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (all except Switzerland, namely: Iceland, Liechtenstein and [...]...
11. Multi-Governmental Organizations Multi-Governmental Organizations Multi-Governmental Organizations Operating in more than one Continent: Web Resources Multi-Governmental Organizations dealing with more than one continent ... Read more...
12. ACP Countries Acp Countries Summary of Acp Countries An acronym for African- Caribbean-Pacific countries. The term originated in conjunction with the LOME CONVENTIONS (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) [...]...
13. Petrodollar Dollars remitted to oil-producing countries in settlement of petroleum purchase accounts. As a practical matter, purchases of petroleum from members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries are usually settled in U.S. dollars because of the immense volumes of currency required for these ......
14. European Development Fund EDF and the Treaties of the European Union Description of EDF provided by the European Union Commission: The European Development Fund is the main instrument for Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the Overseas Countries and [...]...
15. Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the African Child Embracing mainstream international law, this section on charter on the rights and welfare of the african child explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "charter on the rights and welfare of the african child" [...]...
16. European Economic Area European Economic Area and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Economic Area provided by the European Union Commission: Agreement Between the Community, and three Member States of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)(not Switzerland) entered into force on 1 January 2004 [...]...
17. Regional Organizations Regional organizations are, under some perspectives, international organizations, as they are members of the international community and encompass geopolitical entities that, in their operations or activities, transcend a single state or country. However, its membership is characterized by [...]...
18. EAC The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for Establishment of the East African [...]...
19. Other Holders Institutions other than central banks, national treasuries, and the International Monetary Fund itself that are approved by the IMF to hold Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details). ......
20. List of Institutions and Multilateral Treaties with Pacific Settlement of Disputes among Members Contents List of Institutions and Multilateral Treaties with Pacific Settlement of Disputes among Members Introduction This list compries most of ... Read more...
21. Africa African nations include Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic), Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, [...]...
22. Caricom Caricom Caricom in International Trade Meaning of Caricom, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Caribbean Community Market (CARICOM) is an organization of 15 Caribbean nations established in 1973 whose main purposes are to promote economic integration and [...]...
23. Alliance For Progress Alliance For Progress Summary of Alliance For Progress An economic development program for Latin America sponsored by the Organization of American States (OAS) at the 1961 Punta del Este Conference. The program called for ten years of concerted efforts directed towards economic growth, [...]...
24. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
25. African Union Definition of African Union Within the context of international organizations, the following is a brief meaning of african union: African Union (AU) is the successor of Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and came into existence in 2002 at Durban summit in South Africa. Its headquarters are [...]...
26. African, Caribbean and Pacific African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) The African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states, abbreviated as ACP, is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. Except for Cuba, all ACP countries are signatories to a partnership agreement with the European Union (EU) known as the [...]...
27. African, Caribbean And Pacific States African, Caribbean and Pacific States Outline(The ACP) is not an international economic organization in the sense of a regional economic union, such as the EU and ASEAN. But it is a political voice in the international economic relationships of the countries. For example, the ACP as a poli......
28. African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
29. Association of South East Asian Nations Association Of South East Asian Nations Association of South East Asian Nations Outline ASEAN was established in 1967. Its Secretariat is located in Jakarta. Its members are Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei and Vietnam. Papua New Guinea has the status of an [...]...
30. Organization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Outline OAPEC was established in the Second Arab Oil (or Petroleum) Congress of 1968 (the first was held in 1959). It consists exclusively of Arab oil-exporting countries. Its founding members [...]...
31. African Law History of the African Law African Law in the Precolonial Period For more information about this section, in the context of the legal history, see the main entry in this legal encyclopedia. African Law in the Colonial Period For more information about this section, in the context of the [...]...
32. Association Association in Election Law Group of people working together to achieve common goals on a nonprofit basis. Associations are the most important component of civil society. Description of Association Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
33. African Growth African Growth and Opportunity Act in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 25, 2011, President Obama signed a presidential proclamation designating Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, and Niger as [...]...
34. African Cultures Indigenous Knowledge Systems: African Cultures and Management Philosophy, the Law and other Social Sciences This conceptual paper draws attention to the relevance of cultures to management philosophy with the purpose of contributing to a culturally viable practice of management in Africa. It [...]...
35. African Court of Justice Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african court of justice explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african court of justice" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
36. African Economic Community Embracing mainstream international law, this section on African economic community explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "African economic community" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
37. African Renewal Formerly termed African Recovery, this is an information programme of the U.N. Department of Public lnformation to describe the work of the ECOSOC's Economic Committee for Africa (ECA) and other U.N. agencies in Africa; and the title of a quarterly publication under the same name, fust [...]...
38. African Development Bank Group A multilateral development organization, the first component of which, the African Development Bank, was created in 1963 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The group provides funding to African states and multinational official bodies in Africa to advance indust......
39. Strategic Petroleum Reserve A program established under authority of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 that directs the U.S. Department of Energy to build a buffer stock of petroleum to insulate the United States against an interruption of foreign supplies. The act mandates a reserve of 750 million barrels by the......
40. International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association Outline The IATA was founded in 1945 in Havana under the agreement of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. The IATA replaced the International Air Traffic Association set up in 1919 in The Hague. It is a non-governmental [...]...
41. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
42. West African Economic Community West African Economic Community Outline Also called "Communauté Economique de l'Afrique Occidentale". The CEAO was established in 1973. It consists of a number of West African countries, such as the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta. A Communi......
43. Petroleum Exporting Countries Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
44. African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Contents African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources   Article I The Contracting States hereby establish an ... Read more...
45. African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 2 Contents African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources   Article VII. Faunal Resources 1. The Contracting States ... Read more...
46. African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 3 Contents African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources   Article XIV. Development Plans 1. The Contracting States ... Read more...
47. Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum In Kiobel, et al., v Royal Dutch Petroleum, et al., lawyers for 12 individuals seeking to hold major oil companies legally responsible for human rights abuses in Nigeria in the 1990s have asked the Supreme Court to overturn a federal appeals court's ruling that corporations are immune to such [...]...
48. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Summary of Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Commonly known by the acronyn ASEAN, a regional cooperation association concerned with the promotion of economic development and trade among the member states. The group was founded at Bangkok in 1967 [...]...
49. Economic Community of West African States Economic Community Of West African States Summary of Economic Community Of West African States An organization of sixteen West African states committed to the elimination of trade barriers among the member states and the promotion of economic development in the region. Formed at Lagos, [...]...
50. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
51. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries Summary of Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries A cartel of oil-producing nations founded at Baghdad in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. The cartel was joined subsequently by Qatar (1961), Indonesia [...]...
52. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
53. Latin American Integration Association Latin American Integration Association Outline LAFTA was a regional organization between the Latin American countries. It was established pursuant to the Montevideo Treaty in 1960. Its members included Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and [...]...
54. African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries Group African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) Group and the Treaties of the European Union Description of African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) Group provided by the European Union Commission: The African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) Group was formed when the first [...]...
55. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, abbreviated as OPEC, is a global organisation devoted to ensuring stability and shared control of the petroleum markets. OPEC was established in September 1960 and formally constituted [...]...
56. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african charter on human and peoples' rights explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african charter on human and peoples' rights" in the Parry [...]...
57. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african charter on the rights and welfare of the child explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african charter on the rights and welfare of the child" [...]...
58. African Court on Human and People's Rights Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african court on human and people's rights explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african court on human and people's rights" in the Parry and [...]...
59. Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries See the International Commodity Organization......
60. International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 2 Contents International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations   Article 8 Any Contracting State ... Read more...
61. International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 3 Contents International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations   Article 17 Any State which, ... Read more...
62. International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 4 Contents International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations   Article 29 1. After this ... Read more...
63. Petroleum U.S. Foreign Policy and Petroleum Introduction What is the effect of U.S. petroleum security on foreign policy? For 45 years, the country has alternated between periods of energy security and insecurity, sometimes able to wield petroleum as a useful instrument of foreign policy, sometimes [...]...
64. African Resources See Also Population Population Group Ethnic Group Minority Group...
65. Organization of African Unity Organization of African Unity and the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Based on the Handbook on Peaceful Settlement of Disputes between States (1992, United Nations): Article XIX of the OAU Charter lays down the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and provides for the establishment [...]...
66. East African Community East African Community (EAC) The East African Community, abbreviated as EAC, is a regional intergovernmental organisation with its headquarters in Arusha (Tanzania), consisting of the following member countries: Burundi BI Rwanda RW Uganda UG Kenya KE Tanzania TZ The Treaty for [...]...
67. Petroleum Refinery Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
68. Petroleum Resources Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
69. Petroleum Worker Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
70. Petroleum Industry Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
71. African Capitals Contents African Capitals A national capital or, in general, a capital (of Latin “caput,” “capitis,” which means “head”) is the ... Read more...
72. Association Captive See Captive Insurance Company.......
73. International Airtransport Association A nongovernmental industry organization of the world's scheduled airlines. Commonly known as I ATA, the group effectively sets standards and, in many cases, fares for international airline services. Among the many airline activities in which IATA plays a leading role are conferences to establish......
74. International Bauxite Association See the International Commodity Organization.......
75. Association Agreement Stabilisation and association agreement and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Stabilisation and association agreement provided by the European Union Commission: A bilateral agreement, which establishes a single basis for assisting a country. Each EU candidate country has such [...]...
76. Articles of Association Description of Articles of Association Resources See Also Articles of incorporation Articles of partnership Certificate of incorporation Resources See Also Governing Document Under Doct:Ment Associations Corporations...
77. American Arbitration Association Description of American Arbitration Association Resources See Also Arbitration Resources See Also Alternative Dispute Resolution Labor Employment...
78. Association-in-fact Enterprise Description of Association-in-fact Enterprise Resources See Also Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations...
79. International Hotel Association Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
80. Agricultural Association Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Rural Institution...
81. Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms Contents Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms   Article 1 For the ... Read more...
82. Economic Community Of The West African States Economic Community of the West African States OutlineThe community was meant to be a customs union and was based on a treaty signed in 1975. Its membership consists of the Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Togo......
83. Association of Coffee Producing Countries Association of Coffee Producing Countries (ACPC) or Asociacion Mundial de Paises Productores de Cafe (AMPC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Association of Coffee Producing Countries (ACPC) [...]...
84. Armed Conflict in Central African Republic Armed Conflict: Restoration of Peace and Security in Central African Republic in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Armed Conflict: Restoration of Peace and Security in Central African Republic: See Chapter 17.B.5 for a discussion of UN Security Council [...]...
85. African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Contents African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Text  Background 1.1.  The mandate of the African Development Bank Group, which comprises the African ... Read more...
86. African Court of Justice and Human Rights Embracing mainstream international law, this section on african court of justice and human rights explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "african court of justice and human rights" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
87. Organization of African Trade Union Unity Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
88. Latin American Free Trade Association A now defunct association of various Latin American states formed to orchestrate the elimination of tariffs among members within twelve years of its formation (at the rate of eight percent). LAFTA was created by the treaty of Montevideo on February 18, 1960, and commenced activities on June 1, 1961.......
89. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): A regional cooperation organization [...]...
90. Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 8, 2011, the Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court's judgment in an opinion that accepted [...]...
91. In Re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In relation to the international law practice and In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this [...]...
92. International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations Contents International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations   Article 1 Protection granted under ... Read more...
93. Central African Republic The Legal History of Central African Republic This section provides an overview of Central African Republic Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Central [...]...
94. Pan-african Parliament Embracing mainstream international law, this section on pan-african parliament explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "pan-african parliament" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
95. Bar Association Resources See Also Integrated bar...
96. Right of Association Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
97. Petroleum Product Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy...
98. North African Resources See Also Population Population Group Ethnic Group Minority Group...
99. International Lawyers Association 4 International Media Lawyers Association Region: Contents International The International Media Lawyers Association is an international network of lawyers working in ... Read more...
100. Convention Concerning Freedom of Association Contents Convention Concerning Freedom of Association   PART I. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION Article 1 Each Member of the International Labour ... Read more...
101. List of African online resources Contents List of African online legal resources 1. Africa Action: Activism for Africa since 1953 Description Africa Action incorporates the ... Read more...
102. List of Association blogs Contents List of Association Blogs AALLamo Blog (American Association of Law Libraries) ACSBlog: The Blog of the American Constitution Society ... Read more...
103. International Association of Insurance Law Spanish Translation of International Association of Insurance LawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to International Association of Insurance Law and / or a definition of this topic: Aida (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
104. Freedom of Association Freedom of Association in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: Freedom of association is the right to meet and interact freely, without the interference of the state or others. This is slightly different than freedom of assembly, because assembly refers to the ability [...]...
105. Southern African Customs Union Southern African Customs Union (SACU) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern African Customs Union (SACU): A customs union including Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and [...]...
106. National Association of Manufacturers National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Association of Manufacturers (NAM): An organization representing US industry views on national and [...]...
107. National Planning Association National Planning Association in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of National Planning Association: A private, nonprofit organization specializing in research and economic policy formulation [...]...
108. Trade Association Concept of Trade Association Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Participation Interest Groups Lobbying...
109. Free Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on free association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "free association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
110. International Law Association Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international law association explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international law association" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
111. International Fiscal Association International Fiscal Association (IFA) This section provides an overview of international fiscal association (ifa) within the legal context of International Tax Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture....
112. Benevolent Association Description of Benevolent Association Resources See Also Associations...
113. Nonprofit Association Description of Nonprofit Association Resources See Also Associations Charities...
114. Homeowners' Association Description of Homeowners' Association Resources See Also Associations Condominium...
115. Professional Association Description of Professional Association Resources See Also Attorney Client Health...
116. Benefit Association Resources See Also Benefit societies...
117. Building and Loan Association Resources See Also Savings and loan association...
118. Non-profit Association Resources See Also Non-profit corporation...
119. Cooperative Association Resources See Also Cooperative...
120. Employees Association Resources See Also Cooperative Association Partnership Organization...