Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Acceptance Summary of Acceptance A bill of exchange or draft that has been accepted upon presentation to the drawee; the acceptance is created upon presentation by stamping or writing the word accepted across the face of the instrument, accompanied by the signature of the drawee. Instruments on which [...]...
2. Acceptance And Return The act of returning an accepted draft or bill of exchange, through banking channels, to the maker to await maturity. Upon maturity, the holder of the instrument would return it to the drawee and demand payment. This process is cumbersome and is often avoided by leaving the acceptance at the bank th......
3. Acceptance Letter of Credit Definition of Acceptance Letter of Credit in International Trade The following is a concept of Acceptance Letter of Credit in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A letter of credit, which requires, amongst the documents [...]...
4. Acceptance Credit Acceptance Financing is considered here.......
5. Acceptance Facility Acceptance Financing is considered here.......
6. Clean Acceptance A formal acknowledgment by a principal in negotiations for the charter of a vessel that he accepts the offer submitted to him, without further modification, and that he binds himself to execute the charter PARTY (read this a......
7. Usance Bill Also known as a term bill, a bill of exchange (read here for further details) that affords a term of credit to the party accepting the bill (e.g., thirty days' sight, sixty days date). In effect, a usance bill is any bill other than one ......
8. Bank Acceptance Bank Acceptance in International Trade Meaning of Bank Acceptance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A draft accepted by a bank usually for the purpose of financing the sale of goods to or by the bank's customer. The bill may be drawn , for example, by [...]...
9. Contract Of Affreightment Contract Of Affreightment Summary of Contract Of Affreightment A contract, between the shipper of goods and a transport company, specifying the terms and conditions under which a given lot of merchandise is to be moved. The contract is usually evidenced by a bill of lading containing the [...]...
10. Datafreight Receipt A document issued by some steamship operators in lieu of a bill of LADING (read this and related legal terms for further details) on straight consignment shipments. Rather than issue a formal bill of lading, the carrier ......
11. Accommodation Paper Description of Accommodation Paper Resources See Also Bills Notes...
12. Acceptance Or Approval Acceptance or Approval and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Acceptance or Approval provided by the European Union Commission: The instruments of "acceptance" or "approval" of a treaty have the same legal effect as ratification and consequently express the [...]...
13. Private Bill A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn upon and accepted by a party other than a bank; trade acceptances, for example, are private bills.......
14. Loading Summary of Loading A risk premium in addition to interest charges and acceptance fees deducted by a bank or discount house from the face value of a bill of exchange (read here for further details) presented for discounting. This additional margin will vary, depending upon the quality of the [...]...
15. Codetermination Summary of Codetermination The corporate management process employed in some countries whereby labor representatives sit on the company's board of directors. This practice arose in Germany following World War I, gaining wide acceptance in that country following World War II. Worker [...]...
16. Railroad Through Bill Of Lading An export Bill of Lading (read this and related legal terms for further details), issued by a railroad, covering shipment overseas of merchandise by combined rail/water service under a through rate. The bill of lading ma......
17. Sighting The presentation for acceptance of a bill of exchange (read here for further details) payable at sight or a given number of days after sight.......
18. Accommodation Bill Summary of Accommodation Bill A bill of exchange or similar instrument to which a credit-worthy party has added its endorsement, usually to enhance the value of the bill as a money market instrument.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description of Accommodation Bill Resources See [...]...
19. Investment Bill A bill of exchange purchased at a discount and held to maturity.......
20. Accommodation Bill Of Lading A bill of lading issued by a carrier or its agent to a shipper in advance of actual receipt of the goods for carriage. The motives for such action may be to permit the shipper to draw on an expiring letter of credit, or to book a sale during a particular accounting period. The carrier is responsible......
21. Due Bill An invoice for freight charges issued by a steamship operator to the party paying the freight.......
22. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
23. Prime Banker's Acceptance An acceptance (read this and related legal terms for further details) of a major, highly regarded commercial bank that is actively engaged in acceptance financing. The term prime is a mark of distinction over the accepta......
24. Consignment Summary of Consignment Goods in transit under a bill of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details)(Main Author: William J. Miller) Consignment in International Trade Meaning of Consignment, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global [...]...
25. Prime Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) that states on its face that it arises from the sale of goods.......
26. Clean Bill of Exchange Any bill of exchange (read here for further details) not accompanied by documents, such as invoices, bills of lading, et cetera. See direct collection.......
27. Intermediate Consignee A person named in a bill of lading or other shipping paper as authorized to receive cargo for the purpose of effecting delivery to the ultimate consignee.......
28. Tacit Acceptance A mechanism employed by the International Maritime Organization (read this and related legal terms for further details) to facilitate adoption of technical agreements among member states. Generally, international convent......
29. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
30. Back Letter A letter of indemnity issued by a shipper of cargo to a steamship line to secure issuance of a clean bill of lading where one might not be issued otherwise. For example, a carrier may initially refuse to issue a clean bill of lading for cargo which appears to be damaged; a notation to this [...]...
31. Offer Summary of Offer In vessel charter transactions, synonymous with Firm Offer (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) Best and Final Offer (BFO) in International Trade Meaning of Best and Final Offer (bfo), according to the [...]...
32. After Date Definition of After Date in International Trade The following is a concept of After Date in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In banking, a notation used on financial instruments (such as drafts or bill of exchange) to fix [...]...
33. Cross Bill Synonymous with re-draft (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
34. Letter of Indemnity A document issued by a shipper of merchandise to a steamship line as an inducement for the carrier to issue a clean bill of Lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) where it might not otherwise do s......
35. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
36. Acquittance Summary of Acquittance A document releasing a party from a debt or other obligation.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description of Acquittance Resources See Also Release...
37. Bill Of Credit A document requesting or directing the addressee to extend credit to a party stipulated in the letter. The person issuing the letter serves as a guarantor for any credit so extended.......
38. Continental Bill A bill of exchange drawn on a European bank, other than a British or Irish bank.......
39. Multimodal Bill Of Lading A bill of lading that provides for carriage of goods by more than one mode of transport (i.e., water, air, rail, motor), unlike a combined transport bill of lading, in which the issuer of the bill assumes responsibility for the goods through to destination. The multimodal bill may leave each carrier......
40. Reconsignment The diversion of goods in transit from the consignee named in the bill of lading to a different party. Common carriers normally impose a charge for such diversions.......
41. Reply Time A specified period of time during which an offer to charter a vessel remains valid. If the offering principal receives a clean acceptance (read this and related legal terms for further details) from his counterpart withi......
42. Sight Bill A bill of exchange (read here for further details), payable at sight, i.e., upon presentation.......
43. Accommodation Description of Accommodation Accommodation Bill or Note Resources See Also Accommodation paper Resources See Also Accommodation maker Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to accommodation in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United [...]...
44. Accommodation Endorsement The endorsement of a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument by a bank or other credit worthy party for purposes of enhancing the acceptability of the instrument in the money market. Generally, the accommodation endorser is not a direct party to the transaction which gave rise to the creatio......
45. Accommodation Line Summary of Accommodation Line The acceptance by an insurance company of substandard risks as an accommodation to a particular broker who has previously provided, and is expected to continue to provide, attractive underwriting business.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description [...]...
46. Ancillary Restraints Doctrine A principle of U.S. antitrust law, regularly applied in foreign commerce cases, under which actions that might otherwise constitute a restraint of trade may be permitted if ancillary and subordinate to a larger, lawful agreement.The doctrine was laid down by Justice William Howard Taft ......
47. Assist Inputs to production, including tools, dies, blueprints, designs, or development engineering provided by an American importer to a foreign manufacturer for use in producing merchandise for export to the United States. Such inputs must be declared to U.S. Customs on the first importation of the [...]...
48. Carrier's Certificate A document issued by a steamship line, an airline, or other transportation company carrying imported merchandise certifying to the customs authorities that the party named is the legitimate recipient of the goods and is authorized to effect clearance through customs (see figure). The party so named ......
49. Delivery Order Written instructions issued by the owner of goods or his authorized agent to the holder of such goods directing that the merchandise be released or shipped to a specified party.......
50. Demand Bill A draft or bill of exchange payable at sight.......
51. Foreign Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn in one state or country and payable in another.......
52. Original Bill Synonymous with first of exchange Bill of Exchange is considered here.......
53. Payment For Honor Cross-reference: Acceptance supra Protest.......
54. Real Property Holding Company A foreign corporation (i.e., not chartered in the United States) in which a Domestic International Sales Corporation (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, controls more than 50 percent of the ......
55. Short Form Bill Of Lading A bill of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) that, unlike the conventional, or long form, document, does not include the full terms and conditions of transport but only refers to them.......
56. Accommodation Road Resources See Also Easement...
57. Certificate Of Protest The document issued by a notary public or other official confirming that a bill of exchange or other instrument has been presented for acceptance or payment and has been dishonored.......
58. On Board Bill Of Lading An ocean bill of LADING (read this and related legal terms for further details) bearing the carrier's endorsement "on board" or words of like import stipulating that the cargo covered by the bill of lading ......
59. Standstill Agreements An arrangement between the United States and the European Economic Community emerging at the end of the Dillon Round in 1961 concerning certain agricultural commodities. In essence, status quo was maintained on U.S. exports of wheat, corn, rice, poultry, and sorghum grain pending further negotiation......
60. Accommodated Party Description of Accommodated Party Resources See Also Accommodation party Resources See Also Accommodation Party Bills Notes...
61. Accommodation Acceptance Description of Accommodation Acceptance Description of Accommodation Acceptance Resources See Also Sales Resources See Also Acceptance...
62. Accommodation Maker Resources See Also Accommodation party...
63. Accommodation Indorsement Resources See Also Indorsement...
64. Accommodation Indorser Resources See Also Indorsement...
65. Arbitration: Incapacity of Party Contents Arbitration : Incapacity of Party   The types of issues arising under this ground include the “incapacity” defences, such ... Read more...
66. Public Accommodation Description of Public Accommodation Resources See Also Civil Rights...
67. Personnel Accommodation Resources See Also Worker Employee Benefits Employ Employment White Collar Worker Blue Collar Worker Labor Right Employee...
68. Act of the Party Description of Act of the Party Description of Act of the Party Resources See Also Act In The Law Under Act Resources See Also Act In The Law...
69. Party Autonomy Outline of Choice of forum and law In order to figure out what law will be applicable, need to know what the forum is à forum will determine what choice of law rules will be applied Basic Framework for Determining Applicable law - Determine the forum o Is there a forum [...]...
70. Charter Party A maritime contract for the lease of all or part of a ship for a period of time or for a voyage or voyages. The expression is derived from the Latin carta partida, meaning "divided document," because the charter agreement was written twice on one sheet of paper, which was then cut or [...]...
71. Aggrieved Party Resources See Also Party Standing...
72. Owner's Charter Party A contract covering the hire of a vessel with provisions particularly favorable to the vessel's owner. See Charter Party.......
73. Admission by Party-opponent Description of Admission by Party-opponent Resources See Also Criminal Law Evidence...
74. Reasonable Accommodation Description of Reasonable Accommodation Resources See Also Undue Hardship Under Hardship Civil Rights...
75. Party Systems Political Parties: Party SystemsIntroduction to Party SystemsA political party system consists of all the parties in a particular nation and the laws and customs that govern their behavior. There are three types of party systems: (1) multiparty systems, (2) two-party systems, and (......
76. Totalitarianism Party Totalitarianism The Party and its ToolsIntroduction to Totalitarianism PartyUnder a dictator, members of the ruling party become the elite of the nation. The entire society is subjected to a hierarchical organization wherein each individual is responsible to another in a position o......
77. Socialist Party Socialist party in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Socialist party provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party Legislative Power [...]...
78. Treaty Party Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Party provided by the European Union Commission: (to an international treaty) A party to a treaty is a State, International Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by that [...]...
79. Notify Party Notify Party in International Trade Meaning of Notify Party, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The party to which a carrier should send notice of a shipment's arrival. This information is normally shown on the transport document or its electronic [...]...
80. Party at Risk Party at Risk in International Trade Meaning of Party at Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Between the seller and the buyer, that party who has the most to lose in the event of damage or loss to a shipment, such as: Unpaid sellers, especially if the [...]...
81. Party Convention Party Convention in Election Law Periodic meeting of a party's leaders and delegates to discuss and approve the party's platform and position on key questions in an upcoming election, as well as to elect the party leaders for a given period, usually until the next convention. During a [...]...
82. Party System Single Party System in Election Law System found in non-democratic regimes, where elections are not held because one party dominates the political scene, either by law or through practices that eliminate any chance of other parties taking part in an election or obtaining seats if they do. Two [...]...
83. Political Party Political Party in Election Law Organisation of people who share the same opinions, principles and aspirations regarding how society should be managed and who wish to implement these by obtaining power. Concept of Political Party Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the [...]...
84. State Party Signification of State Party A country that has ratified or acceded to a particular convention or treaty and is therefore legally bound by the provisions in the instrument....
85. Third-party Beneficiary Third-party Beneficiary in International Trade Meaning of Third-party Beneficiary, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or legal entity that benefits from, but it not a contracting party of, a contract between two or more other individuals or [...]...
86. Party Identification Concept of Party Identification Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Parties...
87. States Party Definition of States Party Within the context of international human rights, the following is a brief meaning of states party: (States Parties) Those countries that have Ratified a Covenant or a Convention and are thereby bound to conform to its provisions. Resources See Also Human Rights...
88. Referendum Party Referendum Party and Europe There is an entry on referendum party in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Referendum Party" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
89. Third-party Action Description of Third-party Action Resources See Also Federal Civil Procedure Parties...
90. Party Groups Party groups and the European Union Resources See Also Political groups...
91. Nominal Party Resources See Also Nominal defendant Parties...
92. National Socialist Party National Socialism The National Socialist PartyIntroduction to National Socialist PartyThe National Socialist Party originated in the German Workers' Party, formed in Munich in 1919. At the time that Hitler joined it in 1919, the German Workers' Party had a nominal membersh......
93. Multi-party Elections Multi-party Elections in Election Law Elections in which a minimum of two parties or candidates runs for office. Plurality is an essential condition of democratic elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
94. Party Unity Score Concept of Party Unity Score Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Congress...
95. Non-disputing Party Submission Non-disputing Party Submission Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Non-disputing Party Submission Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement: On April 19, 2013, the United States [...]...
96. Non-disputing Party Submission under the Nafta Non-disputing Party Submission Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Non-disputing Party Submission Under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement: 8. The phrase "in [...]...
97. Communist Party of Philippines/new People's Army Communist Party of Philippines/new People's Army in 2016 aka CPP/NPA; Communist Party of the Philippines; the CPP; New People's Army; the NPA Activities CPP/NPA primarily targets Philippine security forces, government officials, local infrastructure, and businesses that refuse to pay [...]...
98. Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/front Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/front in 2016 aka DHKP/C; Dev Sol; Dev Sol Armed Revolutionary Units; Dev Sol Silahli Devrimci Birlikleri; Dev Sol SDB; Devrimci Halk Kurtulus Partisi-Cephesi; Devrimci Sol; Revolutionary Left Activities Since the late 1980s, the group has [...]...
99. Party Introduction to PartyParty (law), a person or group involved in a legal proceeding as a litigant." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformation about ......
100. Single-Party Communism: Features of Comunist States Single-Party RuleIn communist states, the communist party held complete and unchallenged political power. All other political parties were banned, except for minor procommunist parties in several Eastern European countries. The name of the governing pa......
101. New Democratic Party Introduction to New Democratic PartyNew Democratic Party (NDP), Canadian political party that espouses a philosophy of social democracy. The NDP began as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in 1933. Initially socialist, the CCF was popular during World War II (1939-1945),......
102. Ruling Party Introduction to Ruling PartyRuling Party, political party in control of a government." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformation about Ruling Party......
103. Contracting Party Contracting Party and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Contracting Party provided by the European Union Commission: A contracting party is a State or an Intergovernmental Organisation or other entity with treaty making capacity that has expressed its consent to be bound by a [...]...
104. Working Party Working Party and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Working Party: An ad hoc subgroup established by the GATT Council to address a specific trade policy issue, such as a [...]...
105. Bill-to Party Bill-to Party in International Trade Meaning of Bill-to Party, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In shipping, refers to the party designated on a bill of lading as the one responsible for payment of the freight charges; this can be the shipper,. freight [...]...
106. Governing Party Governing or Ruling Party in Election Law The party of a prime mister or a president governing by majority vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
107. Party List Party List in Election Law List of candidates submitted by a political party. Party List and Europe There is an entry on party list in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Party List" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European [...]...
108. Third-party Logistics Third-party Logistics in International Trade Meaning of Third-party Logistics, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Most of exporters and importers employ outside logistics expertise that are experts in their industry and should therefore concentrate only in [...]...
109. Party Caucus Concept of Party Caucus Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Congress...
110. Party Platform Concept of Party Platform Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Political Parties...
111. Communist Party Leader Communist Party LeaderCommunist Party Leader, individual who attains a high position in the Communist political party, dominant in Eastern Europe during most of the 20th century and in parts of Asia beginning in the 1940s. (1)Resources...
112. Multi-party System Multi-party System in Election Law A system in which more than two political parties participate in the political life of a country, in debates and in elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
113. Kurdistan Workers' Party Kurdistan Workers' Party in 2016 aka the Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress; the Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan; KADEK; Partiya Karkeran Kurdistan; the People's Defense Force; Halu Mesru Savunma Kuvveti; Kurdistan People's Congress; People's Congress of [...]...
114. Third-party Business-buyout Agreement Description of Third-party Business-buyout Agreement Resources See Also Business-Continuation Agreement; Cross-Purchase Agreement...
115. U.S. Constitution key cases where the United States is a party, list of Contents List of United States Constitution key cases where the United States is a party This list includes only key ... Read more...
116. Acceptance For Honor Acceptance For Honor Summary of Acceptance For Honor Cross-reference: Acceptance SUPRA PROTEST.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description of Acceptance for Honor Description of Acceptance for Honor Resources See Also Bills Notes Resources See Also Acceptance...
117. Acceptor Summary of Acceptor A person who accepts a draft or bill of exchange. The act of acceptance is performed by writing or stamping the word accepted across the face of the instrument, accompanied by the acceptor's signature.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description of [...]...
118. ACP Countries Acp Countries Summary of Acp Countries An acronym for African- Caribbean-Pacific countries. The term originated in conjunction with the LOME CONVENTIONS (read this and related legal terms for further details).(Main Author: William J. Miller) ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) [...]...
119. Action In Rem Action In Rem Summary of Action In Rem A form of legal action in which suit is brought against an object, rather than the owner of the object. In rem actions are most common in admiralty jurisdiction.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Description of Action in Rem In this reference [...]...
120. Actual Owner The party having legal title to a vessel, as listed in the ship's registry papers. See also DISPONENT OWNER......