Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. History of Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including History of Taxation) ...
2. Income Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Income Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Income Tax) Black [...]...
3. Income Tax Law Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Income Tax Law) ...
4. Taxation Principles Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Principles) ...
5. Taxation and Customs Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation and Customs Union) ...
6. Taxation in the European Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation in the European Union) ...
7. Sales Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Sales Tax) Black Market [...]...
8. Payroll Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Payroll Tax) Black [...]...
9. Deferred Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Deferred Tax) ...
10. Inheritance Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Inheritance Tax) ...
11. Progressive Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Progressive Tax) ...
12. Property Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Property Tax) ...
13. Tax Bracket Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Bracket) ...
14. Tax Forms Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Forms) A......
15. Tax Law Careers Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Law Careers) ...
16. Tax Law Jobs Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Law Jobs) ...
17. Withholding Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Withholding Tax) ...
18. Tax Code Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Code) Ad......
19. Tax exemption Tax exemption Tax Incidence According to the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy (Third Edition, Domonic A. Bearfield Melvin J. Dubnick, CRC Press 2015), "Who really pays the taxes? Many people worry about having to pay more than their “fair share” of taxes. It [...]...
20. Types of Taxes Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Types of Taxes) ...
21. Alternative Minimum Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Alternative Minimum Tax) ...
22. Indirect Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Indirect Tax) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
23. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
24. Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Gross Income) [...]...
25. Adjusted Gross Income Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Adjusted Gross Income) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, [...]...
26. Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tax) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tax) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tax) Black Market (sometimes, including Tax) [...]...
27. Value Added Tax Summary of Value Added Tax A tax imposed upon the value added to a product at each stage of the production process. The tax is applicable to all goods, from primary to consumer products. Each processor in the chain of production pays the tax in the purchase price of the goods, applying the [...]...
28. Big Four Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Big Four) Ad......
29. Depreciation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Depreciation) "https://lawin.org/Ad-valorem-tax/" target="_blank"......
30. Excise Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Excise) Ad V......
31. Taxation Office Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Office) ...
32. Tax Haven A legal jurisdiction that levies no, or very low, taxes on the income of firms organized under its laws or operating within its borders. Often the exemption is limited to firms organized in, but not operating in, the country.......
33. Dividend Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Dividend) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Dividend) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Dividend) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Dividend) Black Market [...]...
34. Fiscal Year Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Year) ...
35. Government Spending Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Government Spending) ...
36. Rate Schedule Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Rate Schedule) ...
37. VAT Identification Number Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including VAT Identification Number) ...
38. Offshore Bank Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Offshore Bank) ...
39. Tax Law Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Law) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tax Law) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tax Law) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tax Law) Black Market [...]...
40. Tax Evasion Tax evasion is when someone has deliberately misled us about their activities to reduce their tax liability, or have not paid tax that is due. tax evasion is escaping payment by illegal means. This is obviously unlawful and is usually a criminal offence Tax evasion is when a person or a [...]...
41. Employer Identification Number Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Employer Identification Number) ...
42. Flexible Spending Account Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Flexible Spending Account) ...
43. Health Savings Account Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Health Savings Account) ...
44. Real Estate Investment Trust Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Real Estate Investment Trust) ...
45. Tax Extension Contents Tax Extension Extension Tax Tax Extension in the United States: 2011, 2012, 2013 and Beyond File Tax Extension Online ... Read more...
46. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
47. Taxation Law Worldwide Taxation Law Contents of Worldwide Taxation Law Contents of this subject matter include: Choice of business structure Taxation of companies and members Taxation of partnerships and partners Taxation of trusts and beneficiaries Capital gains tax Aspects of international tax Tax [...]...
48. Fiscal Policy Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Fiscal Policy) [...]...
49. Types of Taxation Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Types of Taxation) ...
50. Tariff Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tariff) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Tariff) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Tariff) Black Market (sometimes, [...]...
51. Taxation Definition Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Definition) ...
52. Subsidy Summary of Subsidy A payment or other emolument prodded by a governmental authority for the purpose of advancing an economic objective defined as being in the public interest. Usually the object is to make available certain goods or services that, in the absence of a subsidy to the [...]...
53. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
54. Tax System Summary of Forced Tax System A practice applied in some countries (most notably in Europe) in which corporate income taxes are computed by a governmental agency. Unlike the American system, under which the firm prepares its own return and computes its tax liability (subject to subsequent [...]...
55. Transfer Pricing The pricing level at which goods are sold between related entities, subsidiary to parent. Transfer pricing has been an area of considerable interest to customs authorities, inasmuch as such sales are often suspected of being manipulated by the parties deliberately to undervalue the goods for [...]...
56. Revenue Law Worldwide Revenue Law Contents of Worldwide Revenue Law Contents of this subject matter include: Choice of business structure Taxation of companies and members Taxation of partnerships and partners Taxation of trusts and beneficiaries Capital gains tax Aspects of international tax Tax aspects [...]...
57. Early Efforts Against The Death Penalty Capital Punishment World Trends Early Efforts Against the Death PenaltySome distinctive doctrines in criminal law originated in efforts to restrict the number of capital crimes and executions. For instance, in the late 18th century, when all murder in the United States was punishable by dea......
58. Exemption System A system to avoid double taxation of income whereby the domiciliary country exempts corporate income taxation, income earned and taxed abroad, up to the amount of tax paid in the country that was the source of income.......
59. Managerial Accouting Contents Managerial Accouting Managerial accounting deals with cost-profit-volume relationships, efficiency and productivity, planning and control, pricing decisions, capital budgeting, and ... Read more...
60. Income Taxation Contents Income Taxation Income Taxation as a Specialized Area of Accounting One of the specialized area of accounting is income ... Read more...
61. Income Statement Contents The Income Statement The traditional activity-oriented financial statement issued by business enterprises is the income statement. Read about income ... Read more...
62. Unitary Taxation A form of corporate taxation adopted by some U.S. states whereby state income tax is assessed on a pro rata portion of the company's worldwide profits, rather than on locally earned profits only. Unitary taxation emerged in the United States in 1926; at that time it was applied to interstate rai......
63. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
64. Capital Tax Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
65. Capital Summary of Capital Goods employed in the pursuit of commercial profit. Capital is one of the traditional factors of production, along with land and labor; some neofactor theorists also include entrepreneurship as a fourth factor, although traditional thought would regard entrepreneurial [...]...
66. Capital Needs Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
67. Capital Punishment Introduction Capital Punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, [...]...
68. Capital Punishment Development Contents Capital Punishment Development For most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes ... Read more...
69. Capital Account Entries in a nation's balance of payment accounts reflecting long- or shortterm loans made to other countries, or by other countries to the recording nation. See Balance of Payments.......
70. Capital Flight The movement of significant capital resources from a country in response to unstable economic or political conditions.......
71. Capital Formation Summary of Capital Formation The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of private sector investment in productive assets (e.g., physical plant and machinery) phis the sum of changes in private sector merchandise inventories, adjusted for the consumption of existing capital assets [...]...
72. Capital Lease A leasehold extending substantially over the life of a capital asset.......
73. Capital Gain Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gain) ...
74. Capital Markets Literature Review on Capital Markets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Kriz and Peter J. Kiedrowski provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Markets: This entry sketches the dimensions of the municipal capital markets. It [...]...
75. Capital Felony Concept of Capital Felony Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Judiciary...
76. Capital Improvement Programs Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Comparative and International Approaches In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Arwiphawee Srithongrung offers the following summary about the topic of Comparative and International Approaches in Capital [...]...
77. Capital Purchases Literature Review on Capital Purchases In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Wendell C. Lawther and John Adler provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Purchases: Purchasing capital equipment presents several challenges to the public [...]...
78. Capital Penalty S v Makwanyane and Another Case (South Africa) In relation to the s v makwanyane and another case (South Africa) and constitutional law, Georgia Alida du Plessis[1] made the following observation: The death penalty is a public policy issue that generates extensive scholarly research and [...]...
79. Capital Market Liability Capital Market Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to capital market liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
80. Capital Asset Description of Capital Asset Resources See Also Internal Revenue...
81. Capital Worker Ratio Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
82. Capital Cost Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
83. Capital Flow Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
84. Capital Market Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
85. Capital Goods Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
86. Capital Investment Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
87. Capital Punishment Current Status Capital Punishment World Trends Current StatusBy the early 21st century, for the first time in history, most of the world's nations had abolished the death penalty in law or in practice-that is, executions were not carried out or a moratorium was imposed on the death penalty so that cap......
88. Capital Punishment World Trends Capital Punishment World TrendsFor most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes and often for a great variety of less serious offenses. The term felony, which today signifies all serious crime, was the traditional classificatio......
89. Capital Consumption Allowance The entry, in national income accounting, that represents the aggregate consumption of capital equipment and facilities, i.e., depreciation incurred by the nation's business sector, as well as the aggregate of business casualty losses to plant and equipment during the reporting period.......
90. Cost of Capital Cost of Capital and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Cost of Capital: For any given level of corporate risk, the cost of capital faced by f1rn1s in a given country --a key element of their [...]...
91. Capital Budgeting Literature Review on Capital Budgeting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Capital Budgeting: This entry describes the state and local government capital budgeting process. It emphasizes [...]...
92. Contribution to Capital Resources See Also Capital...
93. Capital Resources Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
94. Capital Punishment World After 1945 Capital Punishment World Trends After World War IIThe defeat of the Axis powers provided a foundation for the elimination of the death penalty in Western Europe. Some of the nations involved in the war saw abolition of capital punishment as a way to disassociate themselves from the atrociti......
95. Venture Capital Venture Capital Definition Venture Capital may be defined as money or capital provided for new business ventures by investors other than the original proprietor. The term is sometimes also used for capital provided to rescue or turn around a company. Venture capitalists—that is, [...]...
96. Flight Of Capital A significant movement of capital, usually in liquid form, from one jurisdiction to another. This capital movement usually occurs in response to troubled economic or political conditions that might result in confiscation, excessive taxation, or loss in value. However, this term may be applied as wel......
97. Human Capital Summary of Human Capital An enrichment of the productive capacity of labor by means of specialized training and education.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Human Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Capital means: is formed from investments in human [...]...
98. Net Transfer Of Capital Funds available for investment after deducting principal and interest payments.......
99. Working Capital Summary of Working Capital A measurement of a firm's liquidity, determined by the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The ratio so derived is the working capital ratio.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Working Capital In the Encyclopedia of [...]...
100. Short-Term Capital Short-Term Capital Transactions and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Short-Term Capital Transactions: An element of a country's balance of payments that reflects loans granted to or received [...]...
101. Abolition of Capital Punishment Contents Abolition of Capital Punishment History With the mitigation of the law as to punishment, agitation against the theory of ... Read more...
102. Nml Capital V. Spaceport Systems Nml Capital v Spaceport Systems in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See Section A.2.a.(1), supra, for discussion of this case considering whether Argentina's contribution to a satellite for [...]...
103. Social Capital Social Capital in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Social Capital is available: A reservoir of good will between police officers and the community that police officers can draw on when issues arise that concern the community. Resources See Also Further Reading Information [...]...
104. Intellectual Capital Measurement Intellectual Capital Measurement, the Law and other Social Sciences The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge concerning Intellectual capital (IC) and its measurement methods. Although IC may be estimated on the micro, macro and industry level, this subject deals with [...]...
105. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
106. Authorized Capital Resources See Also Authorized stock issue...
107. Foreign Capital Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
108. Legal Structure as Public Capital Legal Structure as Public Capital “The question directly suggests a critically important feature of law and law-abiding that has been ... Read more...
109. Long-Term Capital Transactions A component in a nation's balance of payment accounting, long-term capital transactions represent loans with a maturity of more than one year granted to or obtained from foreigners, including direct and portfolio investments......
110. Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Title: Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Preface to the ... Read more...
111. United Nations Capital Development Fund Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
112. Law as Public Capital Contents Law as Public Capital Man makes laws; in this respect he differs from other animals. He chooses deliberately to ... Read more...
113. Lawyers, capital and interest Contents Lawyers, capital and interest Main source: Salvador Trinxet Llorca, “Selected writings about lawyers” “Capital and Interest: A Critical History ... Read more...
114. S__ial Capital S__ial Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, S__ial Capital means: the networks and shared norms, values and understanding that facilitate co-operation within and between groups....
115. Export of Capital Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
116. Industrial Capital Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
117. Short-Term Capital Transactions An element of a nation's balance of payment accounting that reflects loans with a maturity of one year or less, granted to or received from foreigners during a given period of time.......
118. Carbon Tax Carbon Taxes The release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a clear example of a negative externality that imposes significant costs on a global scale. In the language of economic theory, the market for carbon-based fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas takes into account only [...]...
119. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
120. Church Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Church Tax) ......