Development and Transfer of Marine Technology

 

PART XIV

DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF
MARINE TECHNOLOGY

SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 266
Promotion of the development and transfer of marine
technology

1. States, directly or through competent International Organizations , shall
cooperate in accordance with their capabilities to promote actively the
development and transfer of marine science and marine technology on fair
and reasonable terms and conditions.

2. States shall promote the development of the marine scientific and
technological capacity of States which may need and request technical
assistance in this field, particularly developing States, including
land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, with regard to the
exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of marine resources,
the protection and preservation of the marine environment, marine
scientific research and other activities in the marine environment
compatible with this Convention, with a view to accelerating the social and
economic development of the developing States.

3. States shall endeavour to foster favourable economic and legal
conditions for the transfer of marine technology for the benefit of all
parties concerned on an equitable basis.

Article 267
Protection of legitimate interests

States, in promoting co-operation pursuant to article 266, shall have due
regard for all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and
duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of marine technology.

Article 268
Basic objectives

States, directly or through competent International Organizations , shall
promote:

(a) the acquisition, evaluation and dissemination of marine technological
knowledge and facilitate access to such information and data;
(b) the development of appropriate marine technology;
(c) the development of the necessary technological infrastructure to
facilitate the transfer of marine technology;
(d) the development of human resources through training and Education of
nationals of developing States and countries and especially the
nationals of the least developed among them;
(e) international co-operation at all levels, particularly at the
regional, subregional and bilateral levels.

Article 269
Measures to achieve the basic objectives

In order to achieve the objectives referred to in article 268, States,
directly or through competent international organizations, shall endeavour,
inter alia, to:

(a) establish programmes of technical co-operation for the effective
transfer of all kinds of marine technology to States which may need
and request technical assistance in this field, particularly the
developing land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, as
well as other developing States which have not been able either to
establish or develop their own technological capacity in marine
science and in the exploration and exploitation of marine resources
or to develop the infrastructure of such technology;
(b) promote favourable conditions for the conclusion of agreements,
contracts and other similar arrangements, under equitable and
reasonable conditions;
(c) hold conferences, seminars and symposia on scientific and
technological subjects, in particular on policies and methods for the
transfer of marine technology;
(d) promote the exchange of scientists and of technological and other
experts;
(e) undertake projects and promote joint ventures and other forms of
bilateral and multilateral co-operation.

SECTION 2. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

Article 270
Ways and means of international co-operation

International co-operation for the development and transfer of marine
technology shall be carried out, where feasible and appropriate, through
existing bilateral, regional or multilateral programmes, and also through
expanded and new programmes in order to facilitate marine scientific
research, the transfer of marine technology, particularly in new fields,
and appropriate international funding for ocean research and development.

Article 271
Guidelines, criteria and standards

States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall
promote the establishment of generally accepted guidelines, criteria and
standards for the transfer of marine technology on a bilateral basis or
within the framework of international organizations and other fora, taking
into account, in particular, the interests and needs of developing States.

Article 272
Co-ordination of international programmes

In the field of transfer of marine technology, States shall endeavour to
ensure that competent international organizations co-ordinate their
activities, including any regional or global programmes, taking into
account the interests and needs of developing States, particularly
land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States.

Article 273
Co-operation with international organizations and the
Authority

States shall co-operate actively with competent international organizations
and the Authority to encourage and facilitate the transfer to developing
States, their nationals and the Enterprise of skills and marine technology
with regard to activities in the Area.

Article 274
Objectives of the Authority

Subject to all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and
duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of technology, the Authority,
with regard to activities in the Area, shall ensure that:

(a) on the basis of the principle of equitable geographical distribution,
nationals of developing States, whether coastal, land-locked or
geographically disadvantaged, shall be taken on for the purposes of
training as members of the managerial, research and technical staff
constituted for its undertakings;
(b) the technical documentation on the relevant equipment, machinery,
devices and processes is made available to all States, in particular
developing States which may need and request technical assistance in
this field;
(c) adequate provision is made by the Authority to facilitate the
acquisition of technical assistance in the field of marine technology
by States which may need and request it, in particular developing
States, and the acquisition by their nationals of the necessary
skills and know-how, including professional training;
(d) States which may need and request technical assistance in this field,
in particular developing States, are assisted in the acquisition of
necessary equipment, processes, plant and other technical know-how
through any financial arrangements provided for in this Convention.

SECTION 3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL MARINE
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES

Article 275
Establishment of national centres

1. States, directly or through competent international organizations and
the Authority, shall promote the establishment, particularly in developing
coastal States, of national marine scientific and technological research
centres and the strengthening of existing national centres, in order to
stimulate and advance the conduct of Marine Scientific Research by
developing coastal States and to enhance their national capabilities to
utilize and preserve their marine resources for their economic benefit.

2. States, through competent international organizations and the Authority,
shall give adequate support to facilitate the establishment and
strengthening of such national centres so as to provide for advanced
training facilities and necessary equipment, skills and know-how as well as
technical experts to such States which may need and request such
assistance.

Article 276
Establishment of regional centres

1. States, in co-ordination with the competent international organizations,
the Authority and national marine scientific and technological research
institutions, shall promote the establishment of regional marine scientific
and technological research centres, particularly in developing States, in
order to stimulate and advance the conduct of Marine Scientific Research by
developing States and foster the transfer of marine technology.

2. All States of a region shall co-operate with the regional centres
therein to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives.

Article 277
Functions of regional centres

The functions of such regional centres shall include, inter alia:

(a) training and educational programmes at all levels on various aspects
of marine scientific and technological research, particularly marine
biology, including conservation and management of living resources,
oceanography, hydrography, engineering, geological exploration of the
sea-bed, mining and desalination technologies;
(b) management studies;
(c) study programmes related to the protection and preservation of the
marine environment and the prevention, reduction and control of
pollution;
(d) organization of regional conferences, seminars and symposia;
(e) acquisition and processing of marine scientific and technological
data and information;
(f) prompt dissemination of results of marine scientific and
technological research in readily available publications;
(g) publicizing national policies with regard to the transfer of marine
technology and systematic comparative study of those policies;
(h) compilation and systematization of information on the marketing of
technology and on contracts and other arrangements concerning
Patents ;
(i) technical co-operation with other States of the region.

SECTION 4. CO-OPERATION AMONG INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS

Article 278
Co-operation among international organizations

The competent international organizations referred to in this Part and in
Part XIII shall take all appropriate measures to ensure, either directly or
in close cooperation among themselves, the effective discharge of their
functions and responsibilities under this Part.

Author: international

Mentioned in these Entries

Education, International Organizations, Marine Scientific Research, Marine and Coastal conventions, Patents.